Joost Hiltermann is the Program Director, Middle East and North Africa for International Crisis Group. He was previously the Chief Operating Officer.Hiltermann has appeared as a commoner in media outlets, including BBC, CNN, The New York Times, and the Financial Times.Hiltermann's first book, "Behind the Intifada: Labor and Women’s Movements in the Occupied Territories," was published in 1991. His second book, "A Poisonous Affair: America, Iraq, and the Gassing of Halabja," was published in 2007.Hiltermann received his M.A. in International Relations from Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, and his PhD in Sociology from University of California, Santa Cruz.