Conversion of Testosterone to Estradiol is a genetically regulated physiological function that is important to your wellbeing. Mess with is and all sorts of body organ symptoms are affected.

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Scott Howell, Ph.D., is the research director and principal investigator of Tier 1 Center for Clinical Research https://tier1hw.com/  . He is a professor, epidemiologist, and exercise physiologist with research interests in the long-term safety of therapeutic androgen use, endocrine disrupting chemicals exposure, and preventative medicine. His primary expertise includes androgen metabolism, anabolic steroid abuse, pharmacogenetics, interpretation of clinical research, statistical analysis, and research methods.

Dr. Howell is an author with expertise spanning many fields. His authorships include a recent sport science text, Integrated Periodization in Sports Training and Athletic Development, coauthored with Dr. Tudor Bompa, University of Toronto, and Dr. James Hoffmann, East Tennessee State University. He has also served as a subject matter expert coauthoring the Encyclopedia of Sports Speed for The National Association of Speed and Explosion.

Dr. Howell has frequently published in notable peer-review journals including the American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Karger Cardiology, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Pharmacological Research, and the Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.

Dr. Howell has received numerous acknowledgments for his contributions to academic scholarship and clinical research. He received the American Military University Academic Scholar Award in 2016 and has taken part in two major National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Department of Defense (DoD) funded studies at Wake Forest University: Strength Training for Arthritis Trial (START) and The Runners and Injury Longitudinal Study (TRAILS).   

Dr. Howell holds a Ph.D. in Health Science-Epidemiology from Trident University, a Medical Degree from BMU School of Medicine, a Master of Science in Sport and Health Science from American Military University, a Bachelor of Science in Sport and Health Science from American Military University, and a Mechanical Engineering degree from Forsyth Technical College.

Dr. Howell is a former Ph.D. faculty member of the Trident University Health Sciences program where he taught the most rigorous courses of the Ph.D. program. He served as a Dissertation