Michael Wahid Hanna is director of the U.S. program at International Crisis Group. He was a senior fellow at The Century Foundation and co-director of TCF’s foreign policy program until 2021. He is also a non-resident senior fellow at the Reiss Center on Law and Security at New York University School of Law. His work focuses on issues of international security, international law, and U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East and South Asia. Hanna is the co-editor of Hybrid Actors: Armed Groups and State Fragmentation in the Middle East (2019), Citizenship and Its Discontents: The Struggle for Rights, Inclusion and Pluralism in the Middle East (2019), Order from Ashes: New Foundations for Security in the Middle East (2018), and Arab Politics Beyond the Uprisings: Experiments in an Era of Resurgent Authoritarianism (2017).