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Plus Imagine

0:24

it's February 15th, 1861. You're

0:27

an undercover Pinkerton agent posing as a

0:30

stockbroker from Georgia, and you're being escorted

0:32

into a dark and smoky Baltimore bar.

0:35

You're here to meet the leader of

0:37

a secret group of pro-slavery rebels aligned

0:39

with the newly formed Confederacy. You're

0:42

investigating rumors that they're plotting to kill

0:44

the president, Abraham Lincoln. A

0:47

stoned-faced man leads you by the arm

0:49

through the crowded bar and into a

0:51

quieter backroom parlor. Sitting at

0:53

a scuff table is the leader

0:55

of the group, Cipriano Ferandini, a

0:57

slight balding man with an enormous

0:59

mustache. After immigrating from Corsica,

1:01

he opened a barbershop here in Baltimore.

1:04

He also took up the Confederate cause,

1:06

and his shop became a gathering place

1:09

for fellow secessionists. Seeing you

1:11

approach, he nods for you to sit. Can

1:13

we get you something, a whiskey perhaps? Yeah,

1:15

that'd be nice, thanks. You

1:18

take a seat as a bartender pours you a drink. Ferandini

1:21

stares at you with piercing eyes. So our

1:23

friend here tells me you're one of us.

1:26

Nod and raise your glass. I

1:28

think it's admirable what you and your men are doing. Yours

1:31

is a noble cause. It's more than

1:33

noble. The future of the country's

1:35

at stake. This is life and death. Well agreed.

1:37

May I ask, what are you planning to do

1:39

about the new president? The man

1:42

who helped set up this meeting has assured you

1:44

that Ferandini thinks you're a secessionist and a friend

1:46

of the South. You know his

1:48

group is in need of funds, and the $25

1:50

donation you made helped get you in the door

1:53

today. You promised to provide even

1:55

more financial support, but you can tell

1:57

he's wary and still sizing you up.

2:00

Well, you seem like a friend to our cause, so

2:02

I'll tell you. Week from today,

2:04

the North will need another president. Lincoln

2:06

will be a corpse. What about the

2:08

authorities? Don't worry about them. They're

2:11

with us. You'd heard the

2:13

Baltimore Police Department was full of rebel

2:15

sympathizers. And now you have some proof,

2:17

but you need more. How can

2:19

you be so sure? I've spoken with Police

2:21

Chief Kane. Let's just say he won't shed

2:24

a tear over Lincoln's body. But surely Lincoln

2:26

would be protected while he's here in town.

2:29

Well, we know he'll have bodyguards, perhaps even

2:31

Pinkerton agents. But we have a plan. We're

2:34

going to cause a little riot in the streets

2:36

outside Calvert Street Station. And when the

2:38

police respond to that disturbance, we'll be able to

2:40

get close enough to Lincoln to take action. And

2:43

who's going to take this action? Ferradini

2:46

glares at you. You worry. Maybe

2:49

you've asked too much and aroused his suspicion. Oh,

2:51

I can't tell you any more than that. You

2:53

understand. Oh, well, of course, of

2:55

course. Just know this. Lincoln

2:58

will not leave Baltimore alive. And

3:00

after next week, all Maryland will be free

3:02

and the South will soon follow. Ferradini

3:06

stands. And now I'll leave you.

3:08

But be careful, my friend. Her

3:10

spy's everywhere. You

3:14

nod as Ferradini turns to leave. You've

3:16

been working undercover on this case for weeks

3:18

and now finally have proof that the president's

3:20

life is in danger. You just

3:23

hope you can get a secret message out fast

3:25

enough to foil the plot. You

3:27

and your detective agency are the only thing standing

3:29

in the way of the murder of the president.

3:36

American History Tellers is sponsored by

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the podcast Expedition Unknown. Did

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you know that there's proof that Robin

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History Tellers is sponsored by Amica. As

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take care of you, because the greatest measure

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Wundery, I'm Lindsey Graham, and this

4:55

is American History Tellers. Our history,

4:57

yours. In

5:13

our show, we'll take you to the

5:16

events, the times, and the people that

5:18

shaped America and Americans. Our values, our

5:20

struggles, and our dreams. We'll

5:22

put you in the shoes of everyday people as

5:24

history was being made, and we'll show

5:26

you how the events of the times affected them,

5:28

their families, and affects you now. The

5:31

Pinkerton Detective Agency was founded in the

5:34

1850s by Scottish immigrant Alan Pinkerton.

5:37

After working as a detective in

5:39

Chicago, Pinkerton formed a private crime-fighting

5:41

agency and recruited elite detectives, including

5:44

a few groundbreaking women, to chase

5:46

down counterfeiters, bank robbers, train

5:48

bandits, and jewel thieves. And in

5:50

1861, the growing

5:52

agency undertook a daring operation to

5:54

prevent the assassination of President Abraham

5:57

Lincoln. Undercover Pinkerton Agents

5:59

obtain. Crucial information from secret

6:01

secessionists groups and Baltimore that helped

6:03

soil the plot. During.

6:06

The Civil War. Pinkerton and As Agents

6:08

often work for the Union as undercover

6:10

spies in Washington and behind Confederate lies.

6:13

And. They would lay the groundwork for the

6:15

first said role law enforcement Organization The

6:17

Secret Service. After the war,

6:19

pictures and agents turn their attention to

6:21

hunting the nation's most notorious Wild West

6:24

outlaws from Jesse James to Butch Cassidy

6:26

and the Sundance Kid. But.

6:28

By the early nineteen Hundreds, the

6:30

agency's aggressive tactics on behalf of

6:32

powerful corporations lead the public to

6:34

question whose side to Pinkerton's were

6:37

really on. In. This series

6:39

will trace the origins in evolution of

6:41

the Painters and Detective Agency, from it's

6:43

modest start fighting crime in Chicago to

6:45

it's success as a precursor to modern

6:47

day private security firms. And

6:50

if you want to learn more about

6:52

how the Pinkerton's help save Abraham Lincoln

6:54

from a pre Civil War assassination plot,

6:56

you can read about it in the

6:58

forthcoming book inspired by American history Tellers.

7:00

The hidden history of the White House

7:03

takes readers inside the iconic seat of

7:05

American presidential power and reveals fifteen behind

7:07

the scenes moments that changed the course

7:10

of history. Is. Available for pre

7:12

order now and out. June fourth from

7:14

William Morrow, an imprint of Harper Collins.

7:17

This. Is episode one of our three

7:19

part series on the Pinkerton Detective

7:21

Agency. We mother says. Alan

7:27

Pinkerton was born and eighteen nineteen,

7:29

into a working class crime ridden

7:31

neighborhood called the Gorbals of Glasgow,

7:33

Scotland. The youngest of eleven

7:35

children. Allen's father died when he

7:37

was ten years old. His mother

7:40

worked at a spinning mill but struggled to put

7:42

enough food on the table and provide for the

7:44

large family. To. Help make ends

7:46

meet. Alan less school to work as an

7:48

errand boy and in a sandwich shop. At

7:50

eighteen he became an apprentice barrel maker.

7:53

he joined the cooper's union and became

7:55

active in a left leaning political movement

7:57

called sarcasm name for the people's charter

8:00

1838, a call for better pay and voting

8:02

rights for the working class of the United

8:04

Kingdom. Pinkerton raised funds for the

8:07

chartists and joined protest rallies, some of

8:09

which turned violent. He later

8:11

claimed that by 1841 his activities as a

8:13

labor activist made him an outlaw with a

8:15

price on his head. A year

8:18

later, at age 23, he attended

8:20

a fundraising concert for striking mill

8:22

workers. There he fell for

8:24

a pretty young singer named Joan Carfrae.

8:27

The two married in 1842 and

8:29

soon left Scotland for America. But

8:32

at the end of a stormy four-week

8:34

journey, their ship ran aground off Nova

8:36

Scotia. Pinkerton, his wife, and

8:38

the other passengers were forced to row

8:40

ashore in life rafts, leaving most of

8:42

their possessions behind. When they

8:45

finally did make it to America, the

8:47

couple decided to head west, first to

8:49

Detroit, then Chicago, before settling 40 miles

8:51

further west in Dundee, Illinois, where Allen

8:54

set up shop making beer kegs. And

8:57

it was in 1846 that while

8:59

collecting wood for barrel staves on an

9:01

island on the Fox River, Pinkerton stumbled

9:03

across the secret hideout of a group

9:06

of wanted counterfeiters. He notified

9:08

the local sheriff, then joined the posse

9:10

that arrested the gang. This led

9:12

the county sheriff to ask Pinkerton to

9:14

serve as a part-time deputy sheriff and

9:17

help with occasional investigations and arrests.

9:20

Pinkerton enjoyed the work. So

9:22

in 1847, he sold his Cooperidge and

9:24

he and Joan moved to Chicago. He

9:27

worked there as a deputy in the Cook

9:29

County Sheriff's Office before taking a job as

9:31

a detective for the Chicago Mayor's Office. He

9:34

quickly made a name for himself as a

9:36

tough, honest lawman and was then hired as

9:38

a special agent for the postal service where

9:41

he went undercover and helped break a mail

9:43

theft ring. A Chicago newspaper

9:45

praised his investigative work declaring, we doubt

9:47

he has any equal in the country.

9:50

These early experiences as an investigator taught

9:53

Pinkerton some tricks of the trade, but

9:55

also revealed to him the shortcomings of

9:57

public law enforcement. He soon saw an

10:00

opportunity for a private enterprise. In

10:02

the mid-1800s, as American expansion

10:05

churned westward, trainloads of

10:07

goods were being transported across the

10:09

country. This included safes

10:11

full of cash and gold which

10:13

tempted greedy employees and armed robbers.

10:16

At the time, publicly funded police departments were

10:18

still in their infancy. Small-town

10:20

cops were untrained, unreliable, and

10:23

prone to corruption. Both

10:25

corporations and ordinary citizens often

10:27

distrusted them, and with

10:29

no national investigative force to stop

10:31

these robberies and the murderous gangs

10:33

behind them, local police were often

10:35

outmanned and outgunned. Seeing

10:37

an opportunity, around 1853, Pinkerton created

10:41

his own private security and investigative

10:43

force called the Northwestern Police Agency.

10:47

Pinkerton's timing was ideal. A

10:49

number of new courier companies, including

10:51

American Express and Wells Fargo, were

10:53

moving goods and currency by rail.

10:56

And because of the lack of assistance

10:58

from local law enforcement, these companies began

11:01

to hire private agencies like Pinkertons to

11:03

investigate theft and chase robbers. So

11:06

throughout the mid-1850s, Pinkerton expanded his

11:08

operation, assembling a team of young

11:10

agents, including former police officers and

11:13

newspaper reporters. By 1856, Pinkerton

11:16

had a staff of eight, mostly

11:18

working on retainer for railroad companies

11:20

and investigating cases of counterfeiting and

11:22

fraud. And to protect his

11:24

agency's reputation, Pinkerton required all his

11:26

employees to agree to a set

11:28

of ethical guidelines or guiding principles.

11:31

Pinkerton wanted his operatives, as he called

11:33

them, to be pure and above reproach,

11:36

men of high order of mind. It

11:38

wasn't unusual that the field of crime

11:41

detection was almost exclusively a male profession

11:43

at the time, and initially Pinkerton's agents

11:45

were all men. But in 1856, a

11:48

woman walked into his Chicago office. Kate

11:51

Warren, a widower in her 20s, was working

11:53

as a housemaid when she visited Pinkerton's office

11:56

and asked for a job. Pinkerton

11:58

responded by telling to Secretary.

12:01

Warren replied that she was applying to be a

12:03

detective. At the time, it

12:05

was rare for women to work outside the

12:08

home, let alone in a male-dominated business, and

12:10

Pinkerton had never heard of a female detective.

12:13

But Warren convinced him that she could get

12:15

men to trust her, and unlike a male

12:17

agent, she'd be able to coax out information

12:19

from the wives and girlfriends of suspected thieves.

12:22

She said she could worm out secrets in

12:24

ways that are impossible for male detectives. Pinkerton

12:27

decided to take a chance, and Warren

12:29

became the first female detective in America,

12:32

quickly establishing herself as a reliable

12:34

and effective operative. Pinkerton

12:37

soon assigned her to a high-profile case involving the

12:39

theft of $40,000 from the Adams

12:42

Express Company. It would become

12:44

his company's first big test. Imagine

12:50

it's late May 1858. You're

12:53

a female Pinkerton detective working undercover

12:56

in Jenkontown, Pennsylvania. Your

12:58

mission is to extract information from a

13:00

woman whose husband is suspected of stealing

13:02

from his employer, the Adams Express Company.

13:05

You had a break in the case a few

13:07

weeks earlier, when the woman's young daughter, Flora, fell

13:09

while she was running on a gravel path. Luckily,

13:12

you were nearby and rushed over to help

13:14

her. The mother, Mrs. Maroney,

13:16

thanked you, and you struck up a

13:18

friendship. So today you're walking

13:20

with Mrs. Maroney and her daughter along the

13:23

same gravel path through the colorful town gardens.

13:25

You're hoping today might be the day she

13:28

divulges some useful information. You decide

13:30

to plan her sympathies. Oh,

13:32

well, thank you for walking with me today. I've been

13:34

in such a melancholy mood, and I needed

13:36

someone to talk to. Well, of course, dear.

13:39

I enjoy our little walks. Tell

13:41

me what's been bothering you. Oh, I worry what you'll

13:43

think of me. Come now, you can tell

13:45

me anything. Let's sit down over here. He

13:49

steers you to a bench, and you both sit while

13:51

Flora plays with a doll in the grass. Well, the

13:53

truth is, my husband was

13:56

arrested, charged with forgery. I'm

13:58

sure he's innocent, but the judge won't let me see. Him

14:00

without his income I'm penniless. I don't

14:02

know what to do. sorry, burden you

14:04

with is no, not at all. And

14:07

since you confided in me, I feel

14:09

I can do the same. I can

14:11

understand your situation very well. My husband

14:14

has also been charged with he has

14:16

yes and I'm afraid he's in serious

14:18

trouble is charged him with taking forty

14:21

thousand dollars stealing it from his employer.

14:23

I worry smaller might never see him

14:25

again or husband's leave us with no

14:28

means of taking care of ourselves. Will

14:30

actually my husband did recently. Possible a

14:33

lot of money. He swears he earned

14:35

it legally though and didn't steal it.

14:37

I'm not so sure what has been

14:39

a dude? I don't know. Mrs. Maroney

14:42

looks around nervously for now I've wrapped

14:44

it in the closet buried in in

14:46

the cellar and you think I should?

14:48

You pat her arm and give her

14:51

a reassuring smile. Nothing you can smart

14:53

where it is waiting to your husband

14:55

is struck you. Otherwise, it's when I

14:57

would do. You.

15:01

Maintain a doleful expression in your face,

15:03

but secretly you are thrilled your ruse

15:05

work. Mrs. Maroney has confessed her husband

15:07

gave him the money. You're already eager

15:09

to send word your boss that you

15:12

found the missing kiss. And.

15:17

Eighteen Fifty six, the Adams Express Company

15:19

lost forty thousand dollars. They. Contacted

15:22

Allen Pinkerton seeking his help to

15:24

recover. Pinkerton. Immediately suspected an

15:26

inside job and came to believe that

15:28

Nathan Maroney and Adams Express Company manager

15:31

was the thief. Moroni,

15:33

Have been well liked and respected by his

15:35

coworkers. But. After he started buying

15:37

expensive clothes and staying in fancy

15:39

hotels, Pinkerton had him followed and

15:42

eventually arrested. On Pinkerton still

15:44

needed more evidence for a condition, and his

15:46

primary objective was to find the missing money.

15:49

So. He signed Kate Worn to go

15:51

undercover to befriend Moroni. his wife. Worn.

15:54

Helps break the case and recovered nearly

15:56

all the stolen money. Maroney.

15:58

Was convicted and sentenced to ten years. in

16:00

prison. Pinkerton was impressed by

16:02

Warren's work and later said, She succeeded

16:04

far beyond my utmost expectations, and I

16:07

soon found her an invaluable acquisition to

16:09

my fourth. Warren was

16:11

smart and confident, tough yet trustworthy, with

16:13

an honest face that others opened up

16:16

to. She was at

16:18

ease in social settings, but equally

16:20

comfortable in dangerous situations, delivering classified

16:22

documents or working undercover. She

16:24

easily adopted accents and could make herself

16:27

cry at will. She also

16:29

became a master of disguise, able to

16:31

pose as a secretary or an aristocrat.

16:34

And after her exemplary work on the

16:36

Adams Express Company case, Pinkerton

16:38

rewarded Warren by naming her a

16:40

superintendent of his new female detective

16:42

bureau, and he authorized her to

16:44

recruit more female agents. The

16:46

success of the Adams Express job

16:49

also brought Pinkerton more widespread acclaim.

16:51

He was soon inundated with new

16:53

business and decided to rename his

16:55

company, the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.

16:58

His wife, Joan, came up with a slogan,

17:00

We Never Sleep, and Alan created a logo

17:02

of a wide open eye to go with

17:04

it. In time, people would

17:06

refer to Pinkerton as the eye, and

17:08

his agents would become known as private

17:10

eyes. Pinkerton was now

17:13

a well-known man of the law, but

17:15

there was one law he declined to

17:17

uphold, the Fugitive Slave Act

17:19

of 1850. This legislation required

17:21

all officers of the law, public

17:23

and private, to return runaway slaves

17:25

to their owners. It also

17:28

imposed heavy fines on anyone who assisted

17:30

fugitives. But Pinkerton had a

17:32

moral objection to the law. He

17:34

and his wife Joan, who now had two

17:36

boys and two girls of their own, were

17:38

devout abolitionists. Their small cottage

17:40

in Dundee had served as a safe

17:42

house on the Underground Railroad, and Alan

17:45

had been a representative to Illinois's Anti-Slavery

17:47

Liberty Party. He called slavery

17:49

a curse to the American nation. And

17:52

even when the Pinkertons moved to Chicago in

17:54

1849, they continued to welcome

17:56

families fleeing enslavement in the South, providing

17:58

them with food. closed, and

18:00

shelter. And it was

18:03

in early 1859 that abolitionist

18:05

John Brown visited Pinkerton. Brown

18:07

was helping a group of people escaping slavery

18:10

make their way to Canada and needed more

18:12

funding for the journey. Pinkerton not

18:14

only raised money for Brown's group, but used

18:16

his connections to secure a special railroad car

18:18

to carry them the rest of the way

18:21

from Chicago and into Canada. Because

18:23

by now Pinkerton had become acquainted with many of

18:25

the men who led the railroad companies. One

18:28

of them was a fellow Scotsman, George

18:30

McClellan, then an executive with the Illinois

18:32

Central Railroad. McClellan was a

18:34

handsome West Point grad and a veteran

18:36

of the Mexican-American War. After

18:39

the Illinois Central Railroad hired Pinkerton to

18:41

investigate a string of robberies, the two

18:43

men became fast friends. Through

18:45

McClellan, Pinkerton also met a tall, skinny

18:47

lawyer who did legal work for the

18:49

railroad. Eventually, that lawyer, Abraham

18:51

Lincoln, was elected president in 1860. And in

18:53

early 1861, Lincoln made plans for

18:56

an 11-day railroad tour from

19:00

his home in Springfield, Illinois through New

19:02

England and to Washington, D.C., where he

19:04

would be inaugurated on March 4. Lincoln

19:07

planned to stop in 70 cities and

19:09

towns along the way, but despite

19:11

the contentiousness of his election, Lincoln

19:13

declined to bring a military escort.

19:16

And he insisted that his schedule be announced to

19:18

the public so that crowds could greet him. But

19:21

then Samuel Felton, president of the

19:23

Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad, heard

19:25

rumors of a plot to sabotage

19:27

his rail lines and possibly even

19:29

harm Lincoln. Felton hired

19:32

Pinkerton to investigate these rumors. And

19:34

after he confirmed that there was an

19:36

assassination plot, he tried to get Lincoln

19:38

to cancel the public tour, but the

19:40

president-elect refused. Pinkerton then came up

19:43

with a secret plan that he hoped would

19:45

deliver Lincoln to Washington safely. He

19:47

signed his star agent, Kate Warren, to go

19:49

undercover and play a key role in the

19:51

mission to keep the president safe. American

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History Tellers is sponsored by T-Mobile.

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20:51

and Ilan Ishkari that takes this thrilling

20:53

production to the next level. Experience

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an immersive listening experience like nothing

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you've heard before. A chilling tale

20:59

of constant surveillance, thought police, and

21:02

rebellion, now more relevant than ever.

21:04

Big Brother is watching and listening.

21:06

Hear why those who control the past control

21:09

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to audible.com/big brother. The

21:19

election of Abraham Lincoln in November

21:21

1860 brought long-simmering tensions over slavery to a

21:24

boil. Within a month, South Carolina seceded from the Union,

21:26

and other southern states soon followed. Lincoln

21:29

became the target of vicious attacks in the press. Critics

21:32

and politicians saw him as a threat to their enslaved

21:34

workforce and their economic power. But

21:38

as a lifelong abolitionist, Alan Pinkerton was a

21:40

strong supporter of the American Revolution. So

21:43

when he discovered that in Baltimore there were

21:45

threats to Lincoln's safety, Pinkerton

21:47

sent his best agents and launched an investigation,

21:50

hoping to infiltrate radical organizations rumored

21:53

to be plotting to kill Lincoln ahead of his inauguration in

21:55

March. Pinkerton

22:01

also went undercover himself, posing as

22:03

a stockbroker from Georgia named John

22:05

Hutchinson. In this role, he

22:08

befriended members of a secret rebel group

22:10

whose leader, Cipriano Farandini, told Pinkerton of

22:12

their plot to kill Lincoln. Armed

22:15

with details about the would-be assassin scheme,

22:17

Pinkerton came up with a plan to

22:19

allow Lincoln to complete his whistle-stop tour,

22:21

but with extra precautions as he passed

22:24

through Baltimore. Pinkerton then assigned

22:26

Kate Warren to pose as a southern bell

22:28

named Mrs. Barkley, and on the night of

22:30

February 23, she and

22:33

Pinkerton traveled by train with Lincoln

22:35

from Philadelphia into Baltimore. There

22:37

they had to transfer it to another train,

22:39

and Pinkerton had arranged for Lincoln to be

22:41

disguised as an elderly invalid, wearing a large

22:44

overcoat and a wool cap instead of his

22:46

trademark top hat. Warren posed

22:48

as his caretaker and sister, and calling

22:50

the president brother, she and Pinkerton led

22:52

Lincoln across a few blocks of downtown

22:54

Baltimore to the train that would carry

22:56

him to Washington. Lincoln

22:58

traveled the rest of the way in a private room

23:01

with the shades drawn to prevent anyone from seeing him.

23:04

And finally, at 6 a.m. on February 24, Lincoln

23:07

reached D.C. safely. Pinkerton

23:09

confirmed the operation's success via telegram, using

23:11

the code names assigned to both him

23:14

and the president. Plums have

23:16

not. Not

23:21

long after Pinkerton safely shepherded the

23:23

president to his inauguration, the United

23:25

States descended into civil war. In

23:28

April of 1861, Pinkerton wrote to

23:30

Lincoln, offering his services, stating, I am at

23:32

your command. Lincoln responded by

23:34

inviting Pinkerton to come to D.C. to meet

23:36

with his cabinet. Soon after

23:39

that meeting, Pinkerton received a letter from

23:41

his friend in Illinois, the railroad executive

23:43

George McClellan, who Lincoln had named commander

23:45

of the U.S. Army in Ohio. McClellan

23:48

asked Pinkerton to join him and create

23:50

a military intelligence unit in Cincinnati. The

23:53

goal was for Pinkerton and his agents to

23:55

gather information on rebel troop sizes and plans,

23:57

which they'd deliver to McClellan and his generals.

24:00

Knowing the size and position of

24:02

rebel troops was essential to McClellan's

24:04

military decision-making, and McClellan instructed

24:07

Pinkerton to travel behind enemy lines and

24:09

gather intelligence on roads, bridges, and a

24:11

general feeling of the people residing in

24:13

the South. And when

24:15

McClellan was promoted that summer to lead the

24:18

larger Army of the Potomac, he named Pinkerton

24:20

the head of his secret service. Pinkerton's

24:23

detectives, including Warren and other female

24:25

operatives, began conducting undercover operations, risking

24:27

their lives to infiltrate rebel groups

24:30

and at times traveling deep into

24:32

Confederate territory. At one

24:35

point, Pinkerton posed as a Confederate

24:37

soldier, calling himself Major E.J. Allen.

24:39

He traveled alone on horseback, but after being

24:42

recognized in Memphis, he was forced to

24:44

flee and barely escape with his life.

24:47

Meanwhile, the South had its own spies,

24:49

and as Pinkerton reported to Lincoln, they

24:52

were invading the North like locusts. Among

24:55

the Confederacy's spy ring in Washington,

24:57

D.C., was a beautiful widow's socialite

24:59

known as the Wild Rose. Imagine

25:05

it's August 23rd, 1861. You're

25:09

walking up the steps to the front porch

25:11

of your home in Washington, D.C., two blocks

25:13

north of the White House. You

25:15

had hope to go on a bit of a

25:17

stroll and deliver a secret message to another spy

25:19

for the Confederacy, but two men

25:21

on the street aroused your suspicion, so you abandoned

25:23

your mission and made your way back to your

25:26

brick home on K Street. You're

25:28

about to open the front door when you hear

25:30

footsteps and turn to see the same

25:32

two men coming up the steps behind you. You

25:35

recognize one of them, Detective Allen

25:37

Pinkerton. You decide to confront them. Who

25:39

are you and what are you doing here? The

25:42

man you recognize as Pinkerton speaks

25:44

up. On Major E.J. Allen with

25:46

Union Army, ma'am, please step inside.

25:49

You know he's lying. By now, half the

25:51

city knows what Pinkerton looks like, and

25:53

he works for that Yankee scoundrel, General

25:55

McClellan. I will not step inside except

25:57

by myself. You have no business here.

26:00

Doesn't your government have better things to do

26:02

than bother defenseless women? We're here to search

26:04

your house, now move aside. By whose

26:06

authority? Painters and

26:08

ignores you. Nods to the

26:10

other man who grabs your arms and pushes you inside.

26:14

You stumble into the parlor, trying to pull free

26:16

of the man's grasp. Your mind

26:18

races. The house is full of

26:20

evidence of your spying. You try to

26:22

remember all the places you've hidden letters,

26:24

messages, and secret codes. You

26:26

need to find a way to get into your

26:29

bedroom alone. Oh, get your hands off me. This

26:31

is outrageous. You have no right. Madam, we've been

26:33

watching you, and we know who you've been meeting

26:35

with. We intend to find the proof we need

26:37

to lock you away for aiding and abetting the

26:39

enemies of the union. Suddenly,

26:41

the door flings open, and four more men

26:43

and a woman enter. Pinkerton begins

26:46

barking orders. All right, check everything. Under

26:48

the beds and furniture, inside books, picture

26:50

frames, all of it. You

26:52

decide you have to take a different tack. Would you

26:55

at least allow me to go upstairs and change my

26:57

dress? It's stifling hot in here, and

26:59

if I don't loosen this corset, I'm afraid I'm

27:01

going to faint. All right, very

27:03

well, but I'll come with you. Let's be quick

27:05

about it. Pinkerton leads

27:07

you up to your bedroom, as the others

27:09

ransack your home. In your room,

27:11

you shut the door and rush to your dresser, opening

27:14

the secret compartment where you've hidden maps,

27:17

letters, and notes on McClellan's army. You

27:20

quickly tear the notes and letters to pieces

27:22

and throw them into your unlit stove, mixing

27:24

them with the ashes and hoping they won't be

27:26

discovered. That's about time

27:29

to have changed. Now open up. If

27:34

you strip off your dress and open the door,

27:36

giving Pinkerton a glimpse of you in your underclothes,

27:38

hope it will distract him, and he won't

27:41

discover the shredded secret documents in the stove

27:43

or any other evidence of your defeat. In

27:49

August of 1861, after conducting

27:51

weeks of surveillance outside the home

27:53

of Rose O'Neill Greenhow, Alan Pinkerton

27:55

rested her on suspicion of spying

27:57

for the Confederacy. After a

28:00

raid on her home, Greenhow was held

28:02

under house arrest and charged with sending

28:04

vital information about Union troop movements to

28:06

Southern generals. In their raid,

28:08

Pinkers and agents had found plenty of evidence to

28:10

build a case against her. Secret

28:13

letters, maps, a small diary, and

28:15

unburned scraps found in her bedroom

28:17

stove. All of this proved

28:19

that Greenhow had been providing intelligence to the

28:22

Confederacy. So too did love

28:24

letters to Greenhow from Southern sympathizers

28:26

and Congress, and these findings

28:28

led to others subsequent arrests of spies

28:30

and abettors. Newspapers across

28:33

the country carried the high profile

28:35

arrest of Rose Greenhow and other

28:37

conspirators, earning Pinkerton more publicity and

28:39

further bolstering his agency's status. But

28:42

starting in late 1861, these

28:45

successes turned to setbacks, including

28:47

the loss of one of Pinkerton's favorite agents. Timothy

28:50

Webster was a British-born spy who had

28:52

helped Pinkerton uncover the plot on Lincoln's

28:54

life. Later, in 1861, Webster posed

28:58

as a Confederate sympathizer and infiltrated the

29:00

Knights of Liberty, a secret group in

29:02

Baltimore that was planning an attack on

29:04

the Capitol. When Webster learned of

29:06

the plot, he reported it to Pinkerton, who

29:08

raided the group on Thanksgiving night. Pinkerton

29:11

even arrested Webster to help maintain

29:13

Webster's cover. Later, in 1862,

29:15

Webster and Haddie Lawton,

29:18

one of Kate Warren's recruits, were working

29:20

undercover in Richmond, Virginia, posing as husband

29:22

and wife. Webster had managed

29:24

to become a mail courier for the Confederate

29:26

Secretary of War, Judah Benjamin. He

29:29

was entrusted with delivering secret messages

29:31

from Benjamin to Southern sympathizers in

29:33

Washington. But before delivering these letters,

29:36

Webster would read them and report his findings to

29:38

Pinkerton. But just as this

29:40

scheme was beginning to bear fruit, Webster

29:42

fell ill. Pinkerton sent two

29:44

other agents, Price Lewis and John Scully,

29:47

to check in on Webster. On

29:49

February 26, 1862, Lewis and Scully visited Webster

29:53

at his Richmond Hotel. But

29:55

they were recognized by a Confederate detective

29:57

and arrested and charged with espionage. In

30:00

April Lewis confessed to his captors that he

30:02

was a Pinkerton agent which led to charges

30:05

against Webster who was sentenced to death. Webster

30:08

was hanged by the Confederates on April 28th, 1862.

30:12

Haddie Lawton and the two other Pinkertons

30:14

were imprisoned for months, but their

30:16

executions were delayed and they would eventually

30:18

be released in a prisoner exchange. Webster's

30:25

death was a personal blow to Pinkerton,

30:27

but also a strategic blow to the

30:29

Union Army. Webster had not

30:31

yet obtained sufficient information on Confederate

30:33

troops, nor had he managed

30:35

to recruit Union sympathizers to provide

30:37

such intelligence. Even worse, some

30:40

of the preliminary information Webster had been

30:42

sending Pinkerton turned out to be inaccurate.

30:45

One of Webster's reports, sent shortly before

30:47

his arrest, estimated that there

30:49

were 116,000 Confederate

30:51

troops outside Richmond. In

30:53

fact, there were roughly 75,000. And

30:56

this meant Pinkerton's friend and head of the

30:58

Union Army George McClellan often had an unclear

31:01

picture of what his army was up against.

31:04

And McClellan's lack of clarity on his

31:06

enemy's strength often led him to delay

31:08

military action. McClellan soon

31:11

developed a reputation for hesitating when

31:13

he suspected his men were outnumbered,

31:15

and this indecisiveness created a rift

31:17

between him and President Lincoln. By

31:19

early 1862, Lincoln was worried that

31:22

McClellan was too cautious. Lincoln once

31:24

said in frustration, if General

31:26

McClellan does not want to use the army, I

31:28

would like to borrow it for a time. So

31:31

on March 11th, 1862, Lincoln removed McClellan

31:33

as general in chief, but allowed him

31:35

to remain head of the Army of

31:38

the Potomac. A week later,

31:40

McClellan led 120,000 Union troops on a

31:42

planned assault on the southern capital of

31:45

Richmond. But at the city

31:47

of Yorktown, McClellan once again slowed

31:49

his advance, believing an overwhelming force

31:51

of Confederate troops were ahead. Lincoln

31:54

prodded his general by telegraph to break

31:56

the enemy line, and implored him with

31:58

an urgent order you must... act, but

32:01

McClellan again waited. In

32:03

truth, there were fewer than 10,000 rebel troops at

32:06

Yorktown, but McClellan's hesitation gave

32:08

Confederate generals time enough to

32:10

send reinforcements and meet McClellan's

32:12

stalled army. McClellan's failure

32:14

to act at Yorktown and elsewhere stemmed

32:17

partly from his reliance on estimates of

32:19

troop size that he had been receiving

32:21

from Pinkerton's spies. But

32:23

by summer of 1862, President Lincoln had

32:25

enough. McClellan's days as the head of

32:27

the Army of the Potomac were numbered.

32:30

For Pinkerton, this was a troubling turn of event.

32:33

The U.S. War Department had become the primary

32:35

employer of his agents. With

32:37

McClellan's job in jeopardy, Pinkerton's income and

32:40

his reputation as the nation's top spy

32:42

were also on the line. And

32:44

soon, Pinkerton's loyalty to the president and

32:47

the northern cause would face a decisive

32:49

test. Green

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34:07

September 22, 1862,

34:10

Abraham Lincoln issued a preliminary draft

34:12

of his Emancipation Proclamation. This

34:15

executive order gave notice to the

34:17

South that after January 1 of

34:19

the coming year, millions of African

34:21

Americans enslaved in Confederate states would

34:23

be forever free. Pinkerton

34:25

had been a vocal and active abolitionist

34:27

and he and his wife opened their

34:29

home to people escaping slavery as a

34:31

stop on the Underground Railroad. So news

34:34

of Lincoln's proclamation thrilled him, but

34:36

his loyalty to his friend McClellan now put

34:38

him at odds with the president. McClellan

34:41

had recently scored a strategic victory at

34:43

the bloody Battle of Antietam, which ended

34:45

with Confederate General Robert E. Lee's troops

34:47

in retreat. But Lincoln had

34:50

had enough of his overly cautious and

34:52

impertinent general. In November, Lincoln

34:54

relieved McClellan of command. But

34:57

in support of McClellan, Alan Pinkerton resigned

34:59

from his Secret Service duties. He

35:02

and his agents continued to work for the War Department

35:04

throughout the rest of the war. But

35:07

Pinkerton returned to Chicago, setting his sights

35:09

on getting back to what his agency

35:11

did best, catching thieves. Meanwhile

35:13

Pinkerton's departure from military service coincided

35:16

with a rising star of Lafayette

35:18

Baker, a Union spy who

35:20

ran a rival agency, the National Detective

35:23

Bureau. In the years

35:25

to come, both Pinkerton and Baker would

35:27

take credit for having created the U.S.

35:29

Secret Service. In reality, it

35:31

was Lincoln's doing. Shortly

35:33

after Lee surrendered to grant at Appomattox,

35:35

Lincoln approved legislation creating the Secret Service

35:38

as a federal agency to combat counterfeiters

35:40

and signed the agency into existence on

35:42

April 14, 1865. Later

35:46

that very night, Lincoln was assassinated.

35:50

Pinkerton was in New Orleans when he got the news. He

35:52

immediately wrote to the War Department, expressing his

35:54

regret that he wasn't able to protect Lincoln

35:56

as he had in February of 1861. He

36:00

noted that had he been there with Lincoln, I

36:02

might have been able to arrest it. And

36:05

by 1866, Pinkerton fully put his

36:07

Civil War service behind him. He

36:10

called his agents back from Baltimore and

36:12

Washington and refocused their attention on the

36:14

West. He also collected Timothy

36:16

Webster's body from Richmond and had his

36:19

friend and agent buried in Chicago. With

36:22

trains back in business after the

36:24

war and with a transcontinental railroad

36:26

connection nearing completion, Pinkerton was soon

36:28

busier than ever chasing outlaws. And

36:31

by this time, his sons, William and Robert

36:33

had joined the growing agency. Their

36:36

new nemesis was a murderous gang

36:38

of brothers from Indiana who began

36:40

terrorizing banks, trains, post offices and

36:43

other businesses throughout the Midwest. Imagine

36:50

it's late evening in early October 1866. You're

36:54

a courier for the Addams Express

36:56

Company, onboard an Ohio and Mississippi

36:58

railroad train as it departs Seymour,

37:00

Indiana. You're glad to have

37:02

Seymour behind you. It's a notorious

37:04

town full of outlaws that a newsman

37:07

recently called a carnival of crime. Seymour

37:09

Times even posted a notice in the

37:12

paper warning visitors to be wary of

37:14

thieves and assassins. So it's not

37:16

a comfortable place for a man like you, one

37:19

who's responsible for two lock safes

37:21

full of nearly $50,000 in cash,

37:23

gold and bonds. So

37:25

as the train picks up speed, you heave a

37:27

sigh of relief. But just

37:30

a few miles out of town,

37:32

someone starts banging on the lock

37:34

door of your express car, yelling

37:37

for you to open up. No,

37:39

no, go away. This is a

37:41

private car. No passengers allowed. You

37:44

realize whoever is banging on the door are

37:46

not lost passengers. No, don't try.

37:48

I'm warning you. I'm armed. Suddenly the

37:51

door crashes inward and you

37:55

wish you actually had a firearm. You're

37:57

facing three masked men, one of

37:59

whom and a pistol at your head. Hey

38:01

look, we ain't your passenger son, we're your

38:04

worst nightmare. Now unlock these safes. What

38:06

safes? Look, I don't know. Man

38:08

slaps you across the face. He's

38:10

clearly angry. Don't waste my time. I know there

38:12

are two safes on board. Now where are the

38:15

keys? Here, here are the

38:17

keys for the small safe, but I don't have

38:19

the key for the bigger one, I swear. Company

38:21

protocol. Company what? Man slugs

38:23

you in the face and you drop to the floor. Then

38:26

he kicks you in the stomach. Come on boys, we'll

38:28

take the damn safes with us. Ready? Robbers

38:31

drag the two safes to the open door

38:33

and heave them out into the night. One

38:36

of the men pulls the rope for the emergency belt

38:38

and the engineer starts to bring the train to a

38:40

stop. Now you just stay on the ground

38:42

till we're going here. Tell your

38:44

boss to leave you to seize next time. Maybe

38:47

then you won't get hurt. You stay

38:49

curled up on the floor as the men escape. Then

38:52

you hear the sound of gunfire. They're

38:54

probably trying to shoot open the big safe, but

38:56

you know bullets won't do a thing. Maybe

38:59

they'll leave it behind, happy with the $15,000

39:01

from the small safe. Either

39:04

way, you'll probably get fired once your

39:06

boss learns you've just been robbed. In

39:13

the early years after the civil war, the

39:15

Pinkerton Detective Agency found itself in high demand.

39:18

Post-war crimes soared, especially along

39:20

the railroads that continued to

39:22

expand westward. Trains carrying

39:24

passengers, mail and money throughout remote

39:27

farmlands at 10 miles an hour

39:29

made easy targets for gangs on

39:31

horseback. The quickly infamous

39:33

Reno Brothers gang were the obvious suspects

39:35

in the Adams Express robbery of 1866

39:38

outside Seymour, Indiana. One

39:40

witness stepped forward to identify two of the Reno

39:43

brothers who had been seen on the train. But

39:45

after that witness was shot and

39:47

killed, others refused to testify and

39:49

charges were dropped. The

39:51

Reno Brothers gang was considered the

39:53

nation's first organized band of train

39:55

robbers. John, Frank, Bill and

39:58

Simi and Reno were petty crooks. as

40:00

teens, but their crimes escalated after

40:02

the war when they terrorized towns

40:05

throughout southern Indiana, robbing banks, merchants,

40:07

and trains. Alan Pinkerton

40:09

called them the worst gang of scoundrels

40:11

in the country. They once threw

40:13

an Adams Express manager off a moving

40:15

train, killing the man. So

40:18

Pinkerton pledged to stop them, insisting that

40:20

he was the worst enemy they've got.

40:23

But it would take years to bring them down, and

40:25

would nearly cost Pinkerton his

40:27

own life. In 1867, one of

40:30

Pinkerton's agents managed to infiltrate the Reno

40:32

gang. Using a suit on

40:34

them, Dick Winscott posed as a bartender at

40:36

the Reno's favorite saloon in Seymour, Indiana. Winscott

40:39

gathered enough information for Pinkerton to arrest

40:41

John Reno, who was convicted of robbery

40:43

in 1868. Pinkerton's

40:46

older son, William, then captured a few

40:48

more gang members in Iowa, but they

40:50

all escaped from jail. Others

40:52

of the gang were captured and lynched

40:54

by vigilante mobs or died in shootouts.

40:57

But when Alan Pinkerton learned that the

40:59

gang's leader, Frank Reno, was holed up

41:01

in Windsor, Canada, he traveled there to

41:03

make the arrest himself. He

41:05

raided Reno's hideout and arrested four gang members.

41:08

Unable to extradite the men, though, Pinkerton was

41:11

returning to Detroit when a gunman tried to

41:13

kill him. Luckily, the man's

41:15

gun failed to fire, and Pinkerton

41:17

tackled and held him until police

41:19

could arrive. Pinkerton speculated that this

41:21

man was hired by a rival

41:23

detective agency or possibly the Reno's

41:25

themselves. But although Pinkerton

41:27

escaped this episode with his life, his

41:29

agency was about to experience a great

41:31

loss. In late 1867, Pinkerton's top agent,

41:35

Kate Warren, fell sick with tuberculosis.

41:38

Pinkerton was by her side when she died in

41:40

her sleep in January of 1868. She

41:43

was only 35. Pinkerton had

41:45

her buried in Chicago's Graceland Cemetery

41:48

beside fellow agent Timothy Webster. He

41:50

later said, Miss Warren never let me

41:53

down and called her brilliant, intelligent and

41:55

accomplished. The Philadelphia Press praised

41:57

her as a fearless, pure and devoted

41:59

woman. who proved that females are useful in

42:01

the sphere to which the wants of society have

42:03

long been loathed to assign them. But

42:06

that was not the only loss Pinkerton was to suffer

42:08

that year. Only months later, his

42:10

brother Robert died. Pinkerton wrote

42:12

in a telegram, The old

42:14

group is slowly dying off. Then,

42:18

in 1869, bad luck came for him

42:20

when the fifty-year-old Pinkerton suffered a debilitating

42:23

stroke. He managed to recover, walking

42:25

miles every day and returning to working

42:27

at his desk. But he would never

42:29

quite be the same. From that point onward,

42:31

he walked with a limp and had difficulty

42:33

speaking. And even then, tragedy

42:35

was not done with him. On October

42:37

8, 1871, a fire

42:40

broke out on the west side of Chicago

42:42

and spread to the central business district. Pinkerton's

42:45

office was destroyed. He was

42:47

a meticulous record-keeper and had amassed thousands

42:49

of case files. The fire burned them

42:51

all. The fire tribune summed

42:53

up the loss by declaring, Most

42:56

complete and extensive records of criminal

42:58

history in America destroyed. But

43:00

despite this devastating loss, Pinkerton offered

43:02

to help Chicago police patrol the

43:04

streets and prevent looting after the

43:06

fire. He even posted a

43:08

notice in the papers declaring that while his

43:11

agents weren't authorized to arrest potential thieves, they

43:13

would still shoot to kill. Then,

43:16

as the city recovered from the fire,

43:18

Pinkerton began rebuilding his office. He

43:21

wrote in a letter, I will never be

43:23

beaten. Not all the furies in hell will

43:25

stop me from rebuilding immediately. By

43:27

1872, Pinkerton and his agency had

43:30

fully recovered and were back to chasing down

43:32

bank and train robbers. Pinkerton had

43:35

made his name on such cases, but

43:37

soon he'd faced his most elusive foe

43:39

yet, the outlaw Jesse James. From

43:43

Wandereed, this is episode one of our

43:45

series on the Pinkerton Detective Agency for

43:47

American History Tellers. In The

43:49

next episode, Alan Pinkerton's son begin to

43:52

take more control of the agency and

43:54

expand further. But These new ventures strain

43:56

the relationship between father and sons. The

43:58

Agency begins to draw. Criticism from

44:00

the public. Wonder.

44:06

He plus subscribers can binge American

44:08

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45:01

of Peril I Daniel Stash House

45:03

and Liar Temper A Soldier Spy

45:05

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45:07

is hosted edited and produced by

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Need Lindsey Graham for Airship Audio

45:11

editing by Chris Improv sound assigned

45:14

by Mali both music I went

45:16

to great. This episode is written

45:18

by Neil Samsung edited by Doyle

45:20

Moink Produced by only the reasons

45:22

or production coordinator as As He

45:24

Whalen managing producer Medecins Senior. Managing

45:26

producer Ryan More senior producer

45:28

Any Herman and executive producers are

45:31

Gen Our veterans Marshall Louis

45:33

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