مستند تکامل - زیباییقسمت 23

زیبایی همه جا هست اما قابل لمس نیست. یک احساس خوشایند که فقط در ذهن ما ، به وجود میاد. اگر لازم باشه تعریفش کنیم، ما چیزی رو زیبا میدونیم که رنگش، شکلش، فرمش، یا تناسبش ، به نوعی برای ما جذاب و لذت بخش باشه.زیبایی، یک تجربه ی کاملا انسانیه که برای میلیون ها سال با ما بوده.در طول تاریخ ، تعریف زیبایی ، تغییرات زیادی داشته. ایده آل ها دائما تغییر کردن و یا حتی کاملا برعکس شدن. اما فراتر از سلایق فردی و شخصی، بعضی چیزها هیچوقت واقعا از مد خارج نشدن.

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منابع:

– Definition of Beauty

# Definition of beauty in English, 2018

https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/beauty

– Symmetry of Stone Axes

# High handaxe symmetry at the beginning of the European Acheulian: The data from la Noira (France) in context, 2017

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0177063

# Human perception of symmetry, raw material and size of palaeolithic handaxes, 2017

http://journal.lithics.org/index.php/lithics/article/viewFile/720/705

# Symmetry is its own reward: on the character and significance of Acheulean handaxe symmetry in the Middle Pleistocene, 2018

http://dro.dur.ac.uk/24760/1/24760.pdf?DDD6+drk0mjw+d700tmt+drk0mjw+d700tmt

– No practical reasons for symmetry in stone axes

# Why are some handaxes symmetrical? Testing the influence of handaxe morphology on butchery effectiveness, 2007

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440306001762

# Influence of Handaxe Size and Shape on Cutting Efficiency: A Large-Scale Experiment and Morphometric Analysis, 2017

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10816-016-9276-0

# The handaxe reconsidered, 2017

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/evan.21552

– Studying beauty/ attempts at quantifying beauty

# Quantifying Beauty: An Information System for Evaluating Universal Aesthetics, 2000

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.36.5395

# Facial Attractiveness: Beauty and the Machine, 2005

https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/089976606774841602

# Ernst Mach, “Lecture on Symmetry,” in Popular Scientific Lectures, 1895

https://archive.org/details/cu31924012322354

– occurrence of patterns like symmetry, fractals, golden ratio in different cultures over the ages

#Cross-cultural empirical aesthetics, 2018

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079612318300025

# How to Explore Golden Ratio in Architecture and Designing City, 2016

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308432227_How_toExplore_Golden_Ratio_in_Architecture_and_Designing_City

# Why golden rectangle is used so often by architects: A mathematical approach, 2015

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016815000265

# List of works designed with the golden ratio, 2018

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_designed_with_the_golden_ratio

# African Fractals: Modern Computing and Indigenous Design by Ron Eglash, 1999

https://monoskop.org/images/f/fc/Eglash_Ron_African_Fractals_Modern_Computing_and_Indigenous_Design.pdf

– recurring patterns are all based in nature

# Patterns in Nature, 2005

http://www.dstuns.iitm.ac.in/teaching-and-presentations/teaching/undergraduate%20courses/vy305-molecular-architecture-and-evolution-of-functions/presentations/presentations-2006/P7.pdf

# The Fractal Geometry of Nature – By Benoit. B. Mandelbrot, 1977

http://www.dsf.unica.it/~fiore/libricorsoptr/The_Fractal_Geometry_of_Nature.pdf

1. Why beauty makes us happy

– symmetry in nature signals normality

# Are human preferences for facial symmetry focused on signals of developmental instability?, 2004

https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/15/5/864/318486

# Fearful Symmetry: Subversion of Asymmetric Division in Cancer Development and Progression, 2015

http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/75/5/792.full.pdf