Traumatic brain injury carries a devastating burden of disease for both the individual patient and the population as a whole. Many patients are young and those who survive are commonly left with a significant disability. Sadly, treatment options for traumatic brain injury remain limited with little improvement in outcomes for the past two decades. Regenerative medicine using stem cell technologies has received a great deal of attention over the past 15 years and has been trialled as a therapy for a diverse range of conditions from cardiac disease to skin grafting, often with exciting results. In this podcast Dr Jae Lee, an anaesthetist and stem cell researcher explains some of the biology behind stem cells and their use in regenerative medicine as well as the encouraging pre-clinical work in TBI and the pathway for future studies.