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Hey. Smarty pals Molly here with some

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Molly I've been training hard

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hundred and seventy seven. Hundred

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And Seventy Eight. Hundred

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Smarty pants.org Say. You're.

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Listening to Brains On the

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We're Serious About Being Curious

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Times On as supported in

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part by a grant from

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the National Science Foundation, Sleep.

2:46

Over here, same on a C

2:49

set up. As a

2:51

thorough search the Umbrella for say

2:53

a cooler full of super exotic

2:55

and or made up beverages. Mung.

2:58

Bean and Library Spritz don't mind

3:00

if I do and I even

3:02

set up a studio right over

3:04

here can take it out. As

3:08

figure efforts. To do an episode all

3:10

about Sand, why not keep it

3:12

at the Sandy? a place of

3:14

all it's The studio is right

3:17

over here. Ah Marks, what are

3:19

you doing in our studio? My

3:22

months, he's in the middle saying something. Are

3:26

using the studio to into the A C

3:28

Go. Yeah, and he's been talking

3:30

for over an hour now. He really has

3:33

a lot to say. What

3:36

is he saying? Honestly, I have no

3:38

idea. And. At this

3:40

point I'm a little too embarrassed at

3:42

home that I don't speak sea gulls.

3:47

Ah wow. Oh yeah,

3:49

that's fascinating. Well. We

3:51

need him to stop talking so we

3:53

can do our episode. I have an

3:55

idea. Someone

3:58

to stop the play of french fries. Over

4:00

there. Great. Thinking,

4:04

Leon, now we can start the show. Yeah,

4:06

uh, good work. Now, would you please move? I

4:08

gotta get those fries before that seagull hogs them all.

4:12

Hey, save some for me! You're

4:20

listening to Brains On from APM

4:23

Studios. I'm Molly Bloom, and my

4:25

co-host today is Leon from Ipswich,

4:27

England. Hi, Leon. Hi. I'm very

4:29

excited to be doing this. Well,

4:31

we are very excited that you're here today.

4:34

Is there a beach near where you live in England? Um,

4:37

yes, my. The beach that I

4:39

go to quite a lot is called Felix,

4:41

though. And what is your favorite thing to

4:43

do at that beach? Um, probably

4:46

make sand castles. Do

4:48

you do it like you put sand in a bucket and

4:50

kind of like flip it over? Do you have

4:52

another technique you use? Um, sometimes I

4:54

just almost make a pile of sand.

4:58

Very fun. So, when

5:00

you make your sand castle, do you like

5:02

imagine that there are people there, or like

5:05

animals, or it's for crabs? Like, what is

5:07

your imagination do when you make a sand

5:09

castle? Um, normally,

5:11

like, I make

5:13

it a castle, and then I put

5:15

something inside of it, then I

5:18

have to like try and protect it almost. Fun.

5:21

What are you protecting it from? The water. Yes.

5:25

That water always has a way of coming and

5:27

wrecking our sand castles, doesn't it? Yeah. Not

5:30

very nice. So, as

5:32

you've been on the beach, have you wondered

5:34

about sand? Like, what have you been curious

5:36

about? I've wondered how it's

5:39

made, like how it's got here.

5:41

Excellent question. Well, we're

5:43

not the only ones who love

5:45

to think about the beach. Today,

5:47

we're answering this awesome question. Hello,

5:49

my name is Sophie. And

5:52

my question is, how deep

5:54

does the sand go on the beach?

5:57

Great question. We know beaches have a great time.

6:00

lots of sand but there must be

6:02

something under all those little grains. What's

6:04

holding it all up? I

6:06

know one way to find out. Got your

6:09

shovel Molly? Of course. Well let's

6:11

start digging. While

6:15

we dig we do need to say that

6:17

every beach is different. Right,

6:20

some beaches may just have a few

6:23

centimeters of sand. Picture a layer of

6:25

sand as tall as a turkey lettuce

6:27

tomato sandwich. While others can have 40

6:29

to 50 meters of

6:31

sand. That's like a 12 story

6:34

tall building's worth of sand. So

6:36

far we've dug about four inches

6:38

deep. Whoa and

6:40

now our beautiful hole is filling in with

6:43

water at the bottom. Where is the water

6:45

coming from? I was expecting

6:47

that. If you're very near to where

6:49

water hits the beach you'll get to

6:51

water pretty fast. Oh

6:53

right! There's underground water in lots of

6:55

places and here at the beach that

6:58

underground water starts at the same level

7:00

as the ocean. If you're further away

7:02

from the water you'll be able to

7:04

dig until you hit rock. That's the

7:06

solid part of the earth's crust. Yeah,

7:09

remember how our earth has layers inside?

7:11

Go check out our episode about

7:13

what would happen if you dug a hole to

7:15

the center of the earth to learn all about

7:18

those layers. The top layer of the earth is

7:20

called the crust. So if you

7:22

dig deep enough anywhere in the world you

7:24

eventually get to the crust which is made

7:26

out of rock. So the

7:28

short answer to Sophie's question, how

7:31

deep does the sand go on the beach? It

7:34

depends. But no matter how deep

7:36

the sand goes on your particular

7:38

beach we can all agree sand

7:40

is super cool. Yes

7:43

we can agree. Sandin is

7:45

super cool. Well hello

7:47

there Sandin Totten and no we

7:50

didn't say Sandin is super cool.

7:52

We said sand is super cool.

7:54

Well I agree with you on that too.

7:57

Sand is super cool

7:59

and because Sandin is also super

8:01

cool. I'm proud to announce

8:03

the grand opening of... drumroll

8:06

please? Molly,

8:08

Leont, drumroll? Oh yeah, sorry

8:10

about that. Yeah, sure, sorry. Much

8:15

better. The grand opening

8:17

of Sandin's super

8:20

cool sand stand! You're

8:23

selling sand? I

8:25

sure am. At the beach?

8:28

Absolutely. But Sandin, we're surrounded

8:30

by sand. Why would we

8:33

want to buy yours? Because

8:35

no one knows sand like Sandin's

8:37

super cool sand stand. Plus,

8:40

it comes in a nifty glass bottle

8:42

with my photo on it! Well, you

8:44

do have a winning smile. Thank you,

8:46

Leon. So where did you get

8:48

all this sand? Where anyone

8:50

gets sand, from a thousands or

8:53

even millions years long process of

8:55

rocks and minerals breaking down into

8:57

tiny pieces? That wasn't what I

9:00

meant, but... You see Molly and

9:02

Leon, sand is made up of rocks

9:04

and minerals, which includes stuff made from minerals

9:07

like seashells. And

9:09

there are different kinds of sand that

9:11

are made from different kinds of rocks

9:13

and minerals. Here, see this

9:15

bottle? Ooh, it's

9:18

super dark, almost black. That

9:20

sand is made from tiny bits of

9:22

stuff that came from volcanoes. Imagine

9:25

this, a volcano erupts, spews

9:29

lava, the lava

9:31

hardens, and

9:33

turns black once it starts cooling.

9:36

Then, over many many many years,

9:38

wind and rain and animals hoofing

9:40

it across that hard black rock

9:43

breaks it into tiny pieces. Those

9:46

pieces break into even smaller

9:48

bits and on and on

9:50

until you have black sand.

9:53

You got it, buddy. And this

9:55

bottle of white sand comes from

9:57

the famous White Sand Beaches in Hawaii.

10:00

Any guesses what it's made

10:03

out of? Dried unicorn tears,

10:05

petrified marshmallows, heat resistant

10:07

snow, the white t-shirt bellybutton

10:09

fuzz of one million dads.

10:12

Well, I love the enthusiasm,

10:14

but the answer is even

10:16

more surprising. It's made

10:18

out of parrotfish

10:20

poop. Honestly, surprised we

10:23

didn't guess fish poop. Parrotfish

10:25

love to snack on coral, and

10:27

the parts they can't digest come

10:30

out of their booties as this

10:32

booty-full white sand. Ah,

10:35

over here, check this out. This

10:37

bottle of beige sand looks kind

10:39

of boring, right? Yeah, plain old

10:41

sand. But, take

10:44

a look now with my handy-dandy sandy

10:46

ray. Isn't that

10:48

just a zoom ray from Brains on Headquarters?

10:50

And you've just taped a photo of yourself

10:52

on the side. Sand in super

10:55

cool sand stand is an in-demand brand

10:57

with a plan to expand to

10:59

zoom rays. Hard to argue with

11:01

that impish grin. Okay, carry on.

11:04

Let's zoom in. Whoa,

11:09

seeing the sun zoomed in like this

11:11

is incredible. There's all kinds

11:14

of cool stuff here, and so

11:16

many colors. I see orange seashells,

11:18

pink translucent sea glass, dark shiny

11:21

rocks, and tiny bits of white

11:23

coral. It's gorgeous.

11:26

It is. And, for the low

11:28

price of whatever cash you

11:30

have in your pockets, this bottle can be

11:32

yours. So many different

11:35

materials have been broken down to make

11:37

sand. Some of those bits even

11:39

made their way to the beach all the way

11:41

from the mountains, traveling down

11:43

rivers, breaking down more and more, until

11:45

they made their way here. Zoom

11:48

out, handy-dandy sandy ray. Okay,

11:52

you definitely know your sand. Well,

11:54

I should know my sand facts. After all,

11:56

sand is named after me. I'm pretty

11:59

sure sand is named after me. has been around longer

12:01

than you have. So, can

12:03

I interest you in sanding

12:05

hand-bottled sand? How about

12:07

one bottle for three? Or two

12:10

for ten? Hmm, I think

12:12

I'll pass for now. I'm literally

12:14

sitting on a giant pile of

12:17

sand. Well, want a bottle some while you're

12:19

just sitting there? I can always use a hand at

12:21

the sandstand. Hey

12:23

guys, nice beach chairs. Hey,

12:26

it's producer Nico Gonzalez-Wizzler. What's

12:29

up? Not

12:31

much. Just trying

12:33

to enjoy my beach day. What's

12:38

the matter? The sun is shining,

12:40

the waves aren't too scary. As

12:43

a gentle breeze. Look! I'm

12:47

drinking a pineapple freezy out

12:49

of a pineapple. What more could you

12:51

want? It's just, I

12:53

was at this beach a few years ago,

12:55

and there's way less sand here now than there

12:58

was back then. I mean, I don't

13:01

know what you're talking about. Looks like

13:03

there's lots of sand still here. And

13:06

not just in the many, many bottles I currently

13:08

have for sale. Okay,

13:10

gotta go by. Wow,

13:12

he packed that whole stand up

13:14

very fast. I've never seen

13:16

someone exit like that. Wait,

13:19

Nico, what were you saying about

13:21

there being less sand? Well, a

13:23

lot of people think sand is always just

13:26

here, and it'll always be here. Like,

13:28

it's a resource that keeps getting replenished.

13:30

More and more keeps coming. But

13:32

turns out, sand isn't like

13:35

that. In fact, we might

13:37

be running out of beach sand. What?

13:40

Yeah, it's a major bummer. What

13:43

about you tell us all about it in a

13:45

minute? But first, would it cheer you up to

13:48

listen to the... Oh,

13:55

definitely. Okay, Leon, are you

13:57

ready for the... mystery

14:00

sound? Yep. Okay, here

14:02

it is. Hmm, I

14:13

think we need to hear it again. It's kind of a short one. Okay,

14:24

Leon, what is your guess? I

14:27

think it's someone like pouring

14:30

a jug of ice and water into

14:32

a cup. Oh, that is a very

14:34

good guess. I love it. Well,

14:37

we will hear it again, get another chance

14:39

to guess and hear the answer after the

14:41

credits. So stick around. We're

14:47

working on an episode all about matches,

14:49

those incredible little wooden sticks that make

14:51

fire when you strike them on the

14:53

surface. And we want to

14:55

hear from you. If you could come up

14:57

with a new name for matches, what would

14:59

it be? Maybe sparkle

15:02

sticks or fire pixies?

15:04

What do you think? What would you

15:07

rename matches if you could? I

15:09

would probably rename them spark scratches.

15:13

Oh, very nice. Why? Why that

15:15

name? Because normally

15:17

you scratch them against something and

15:20

they make sparks. Yes,

15:22

I love that name, spark scratches.

15:24

And I love something that has

15:26

two S's, alliteration. I love it.

15:28

All right, Leon, I'm sold. Listeners,

15:30

record yourself delivering your new name

15:32

for matches. You can send them

15:34

to us at brainson.org/contact. And while

15:36

you're there, you can send us

15:38

mystery songs, drawings and questions like

15:40

this one. What happens if

15:42

you take a party balloon to space? Again,

15:45

that's brainson.org slash contact.

15:48

And keep listening. Hey,

15:56

smarty pals. Molly here with some

15:58

very big news. Mark,

16:00

Sanda, and I are hitting the road in search

16:03

of adventure, fresh air, and you. That's

16:05

right! We're taking the show on the

16:08

road and bringing brains on live to

16:10

theaters in Washington, D.C., Princeton, New Jersey,

16:12

and Brooklyn, New York. Our

16:14

science-themed live stage show takes the

16:16

audience on an adventure through the

16:18

brain, complete with magic

16:21

tricks, dance moves, out-of-body

16:23

experiences, mystery sounds, and

16:25

even a game show!

16:28

Molly, you almost left out

16:30

the most important part. Yeah,

16:32

Molly, don't forget the secret!

16:35

Alright! Well, it's not really

16:37

a secret. Smarty Pass subscribers get a $10

16:39

discount on tickets to all of our events,

16:41

plus lots of other great perks like bonus

16:43

episodes of your favorite shows. Oh,

16:46

that's not what I was talking about.

16:48

I mean the other secret. Yeah, the

16:50

one about the high fives. Molly,

16:53

I've been training hard. After

16:59

the shows, we're throwing a brain-tastic

17:01

bash. Join us afterward for

17:03

a VIP party, rebel play game.

17:12

Tackle some trivia, guess mystery sounds,

17:14

answer fan questions, pose for photos,

17:16

and give as many high fives

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as humanly possible. Snag

17:20

a spot by purchasing a separate

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VIP pass when you buy your

17:24

show ticket. Not so fast! What

17:27

about the other other secret? Joydolo hosts

17:29

a Forever A Girl? Is that you?

17:32

Yes, it is! And I'm spilling

17:34

these beans myself. If Mark, Molly,

17:36

and Sandin are not coming to a city near

17:39

you this time, join us for

17:41

a virtual live show instead! That's

17:43

right. Join me, Mark, Sandin,

17:45

and Forever A Go's Joydolo for

17:47

an online video adventure called What's

17:49

That Smell? This online

17:51

event includes a video adventure with

17:53

smash-boomed bits, Forever A Go history,

17:56

and plenty of interactive games. Plus,

17:58

there's a live Q&A at the end where

18:01

we will answer your questions and challenge you with

18:03

all new mystery sounds. That's

18:05

right and spots are limited

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so grab your tickets at

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brains-on.org/events. And remember smartypath

18:12

subscribers get a discount on all

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our events plus other great perks.

18:17

Learn more and

18:19

subscribe at www.smartypath.org.

18:21

Thanks. You're

18:28

listening to Brains-On. I'm Leon.

18:31

And I'm Molly. And today we're

18:33

exploring sand while at the beach.

18:36

And our pal Nico is here too. Hi. Okay

18:39

so Nico you said we might be

18:41

running out of beach sand. How can

18:43

that be? We just learned that sand

18:45

comes from natural materials breaking down into

18:48

tiny pieces and washing ashore. Isn't

18:50

new sand being created all the time? Well

18:53

yes but that process takes

18:55

millions of years and we're

18:57

using up sand much faster than it can

18:59

be replaced. We use sand

19:01

to make building materials for stuff like roads,

19:03

bridges, and houses. Huh that

19:06

stuff is very important. And

19:08

you need sand to make glass for windows

19:10

and mirrors. Oh gotta have windows and mirrors.

19:13

And you need it for lots of metal

19:15

products like pots and pans, street lamp posts,

19:18

and even car parts which are often shaped

19:20

using sand. Wow okay

19:22

sand is really important. I'd

19:25

say scientists think humans use

19:27

about 50 billion tons

19:29

of sand every year. Whoa that

19:32

is a lot of sand. It's the

19:34

same as if every single person on

19:37

earth used about 40 pounds of

19:39

it every day. My dog

19:41

is about 40 pounds. So

19:44

imagine me and you two and

19:47

every other person on earth making

19:49

an exact sand replica of my

19:51

dog every single day of

19:53

the year. So

19:57

Is construction where the sand from the

19:59

beach is going? Some. Of it.

20:01

But. Most of the sand used. In building construction

20:03

comes from rivers and lakes. So

20:05

that's not the only thing to

20:08

blame. Molly Leon. Sadly, there is

20:10

another reason Sand is disappearing. Picture

20:14

as beats. As

20:16

the ways last are fond of the store and

20:18

slide back out to sea they drag them as

20:20

the sand with them sand might also the first

20:23

further down the beach when there's a strong winds.

20:27

That. Isn't natural for. Sand

20:29

to get lost out to sea bed

20:31

spaces are pushed farther down the beach

20:33

by the currents and wins. Yet.

20:35

These processes. Are totally natural

20:37

but they're getting more intense. Climate

20:39

change is making storm say kirk

20:42

a stronger which means bigger waves

20:44

and more wind which also means

20:46

more sand getting swept away. Oh

20:49

yes, and glaciers and ice bergs

20:51

and melting into the ocean causing

20:53

sea levels to rise. Which means

20:55

even as the sand on our

20:58

beaches isn't going anywhere more that

21:00

is under water right? And even

21:02

when the sand. On the beads could

21:04

be replaced by new sand, remember we're taking

21:07

a lot of sand out of reverse, so

21:09

he can use it to build things. That's

21:11

and never has a chance to make it to the

21:14

beats. Plus. Humans have also. Don't

21:16

roads and houses right along the beach

21:18

and dams that sap reverse from flowing.

21:22

So. Although that would block the new

21:24

son from making it all the way

21:26

to the beach exactly. you know I

21:28

hadn't thought about that, but my family

21:30

used to go to Florida every year

21:33

and the sand would be less basically

21:35

every time we knew it was pretty

21:37

surprising. the and have you noticed any

21:39

change in the sand or you go

21:41

to the beach there's a minute. let

21:43

loose of food is a lot more

21:46

rookie. Theory Interest scenes stencil

21:48

sandy beaches are really important because

21:50

they help protect the communities find

21:52

them from flooding during storms. That's

21:55

because when storm sandhu purely day

21:57

and intensely class in onto the

21:59

beach. The can't absorb some of

22:01

their energy and slows them down so

22:03

the ways don't rush up past the

22:05

beach. Sandy. Beaches are

22:07

also signs of countless creatures.

22:10

You might see sea lions

22:12

socializing or crowds gotten back

22:14

and forth, defined food, or

22:16

even baby sea turtles taking

22:18

their very first step towards

22:20

the ocean. Pay. Is

22:22

there anything humans can do to make

22:24

the problem better? Actually had done it

22:27

san then they you are. Why did

22:29

you go. Well. After you guys

22:31

accused. Me of taking all the sand off the

22:33

beach. no one accused you of that sand and

22:35

I decided to read more about the problem. At.

22:38

First, I just wanted to clear my good name.

22:40

But. It turns out Nico was totally

22:42

right. Beaches. All over the world

22:45

really are losing sand. So. Then

22:47

had to do dramatic he'll

22:49

like say oh. No.

22:55

I mean, sand is such an.

22:57

Exquisite substance. Without.

22:59

It a beach stay would just be. A

23:02

day nobody wants to make grass,

23:04

castles or bury themselves and plain

23:07

old dirt. So. I.

23:09

Started working on a prototype. Prototype.

23:12

Sm. Did

23:15

you know Mars is covered in

23:17

san tear the schematic for a

23:20

bag suit and space A and

23:22

suit. Ah see Indians seen suit

23:24

to send all the has sat

23:26

down here to earth it's rain

23:28

and say. And stylish Eads

23:31

rain and Sand. So

23:34

he has like it that is

23:36

not a realistic solution sand and

23:38

but. I love your enthusiasm!

23:41

And. The good news is there. Are some solutions

23:43

with real potential? Like

23:46

in Louisiana with his estate that seen

23:48

a lot of be to residents. There's.

23:50

A company that for cycling glass back

23:53

into sans. oh we get a whole

23:55

episode a few years ago about how

23:57

glasses made the main ingredient is silly.

24:00

And then it can. Be used for

24:02

things like make concrete selling and playgrounds or

24:04

volleyball chorus. You can even put some of

24:06

that back in beaches and let live. That's

24:09

so cool it is that

24:11

recycle glass doesn't. Work for every

24:13

beats so scientists are train other things

24:16

to. One of them is beach nourishment

24:18

which is just a fancy way of

24:20

saying putting stand back on the beach

24:22

but instead of building the suit for

24:24

Mars. This and is usually. Pumped from

24:26

the ocean floor and dumped onto

24:29

the beach. Does it work well?

24:31

Sometimes. But eventually that's.

24:33

And usually gets washed out are forced to

24:35

wait till one of the best ways to

24:37

keep fanned out. The says is to make

24:39

sure all the sand was seen down from

24:42

rivers makes their in the first place. Some

24:44

communities have done that by removing dance that

24:46

blocked of reverse and other communities are considering

24:48

we're roads and building next to beat as

24:51

much to. Allow the beach to go

24:53

back to normal cycle of leaving and

24:55

gaining some. Yep, and of

24:57

course, if we managed to slow down,

24:59

climate change will have fewer intense storms

25:02

and less sea level rise. That's.

25:04

A tall order. Or no one place

25:07

we can start. The sand from

25:09

my san stand should stay right here

25:11

on the beats. By.

25:14

By Little Bottle Buddies. Now

25:17

if you'll excuse me, I need to go

25:19

figure. Out my next big money making

25:21

scheme. Oh. Maybe coconuts

25:23

freezes that you drink out

25:26

of coke and us? Great

25:28

idea. Cnn. Scientists

25:34

may from rocks and minerals breaking down

25:36

or the millions is. It either does

25:39

depend on the beach and how

25:41

close you. Are. To the use the

25:43

my it's great for making sandcastles

25:45

please From for all kinds of

25:47

things like building roads and bridges

25:49

mates in class and mirrors and

25:52

shape in things made of metal.

25:54

Teachers and river best are losing.

25:56

Sand played Some very smart

25:58

people are thinking. To

26:00

replenish it so that we can

26:02

keep enjoying a beach a so

26:04

many years. The com that's it

26:07

for this episode of Dreams on

26:09

this episode was written by money

26:11

been a new coke on rather

26:13

prefer it was produced by Rosie

26:15

Fun Honor code failed out on

26:17

for the center the honor of

26:19

Lego will be suffering and Mark

26:22

Sanchez are as there are still

26:24

Titan a jew far as long

26:26

as episode was found find. I'm. Rachel

26:28

Breed. We had engineering from.

26:30

Gareth Patch, Jake L. Y. Ser

26:35

his comments and he fitness in

26:37

charge of a Pm Studios extra.e

26:39

L Chancellor Angela and Griffith Special thanks

26:42

to Lend Me Transmission Frame Zone

26:44

is a nonprofit the Public Radio program.

26:46

There are lots of i suspect the

26:48

shelf suspect brains on Universe I knew

26:51

to are you can watch animated version

26:53

of some of your favorite episodes

26:55

or. Had to. Brains aren't.org

26:57

call. Your that you can send

27:00

us mystery Zones drawings I questions.

27:03

O K Leon, Are you ready to

27:05

hear them mystery sound again? Yeah, okay

27:07

here it isn't just. Aren't

27:17

any new thought to stick with the

27:19

original answer? What do you think? I

27:21

think I'm gonna stick with my original

27:23

answer to remind us without us someone

27:25

was like a jug of water and

27:27

ice in at putting it into a

27:30

tough very good guess. Are you ready

27:32

for the answer? Yes. Advocate

27:34

Curators, Hi. I'm

27:36

miles on. I live in

27:38

Pasadena. California. And

27:41

I guess had way to

27:44

me point lot and I

27:46

it's oh. My. Goodness

27:48

Leone. Holy.

27:50

Cow excellent ears, How

27:53

do you feel to live a husky.

27:57

he has an excellent guess so guessing

28:00

you have, you must have poured water and ice at

28:02

some point in your life then. Yeah

28:04

I really like having ice with water

28:06

so I do it almost every day.

28:09

Oh my gosh so

28:11

good. Excellent work.

28:23

Now it's time for the brains honor roll.

28:25

These are the incredible kids who keep the

28:27

show going with their questions, ideas, mystery sounds,

28:29

drawings and high fives. Amira

28:32

from Indianapolis, Hartley and Hope from Bath New

28:34

York, Liam from New Orleans, Bird and Woods

28:36

from York

28:54

from Australia, Josephine from Columbus, Ohio,

28:57

Cade and Dax from Longmont, Colorado,

28:59

Casey from Milton, Massachusetts, Madeleine from

29:01

Chino Hills, California, Niccolo and Javi

29:04

from Manila, Philippines, Xiao Chen from

29:06

Singapore, Simone from Deerfield, Massachusetts, Deacon

29:08

from Columbus, Ohio, Ellie from Durham,

29:10

North Carolina, Caleb from Fairfax, Virginia,

29:13

Claire from Anderson, South Carolina, Nora

29:15

from Hermitage, Tennessee, Calvin, Emily, Anna,

29:17

Eliza, Matthew and Benson from Mannequin,

29:20

Sabbath, Virginia, Peter from Seattle, Everly

29:22

from Port Washington, New York, Laetitia

29:24

from Singapore, Kazimir from Spokane, Washington,

29:26

Elizabeth and Andrew from Maui, Madeleine

29:29

from Canada, Marion and Paul from

29:31

College Station, Texas, Zoe from Milpitas,

29:33

California, Kazuma from Daly City, California,

29:35

Sali, Lively, Matilda and Violet from

29:38

Ashland, Oregon, Mateo from Indiana, Bianca

29:40

from Taiwan, Evan, Noah and Caleb

29:42

from South Grafton, Massachusetts, Renee from

29:44

Miami Beach, Florida, Clara from Minneapolis,

29:46

Liam from Franklin, Tennessee, Vivian from

29:49

Los Angeles, Elie from Paris, France,

29:51

Otto from Belmont-Pon-Belize, April from Livingston,

29:53

New Jersey, Salleja from San Jose,

29:55

California, Olive from Vancouver, Washington, Danny

29:57

from Uxbridge, UK, Usum from We'll

30:00

be back next week with a fire episode all about

30:02

the magic of matches. Thanks

30:28

for listening!