Developing an effective framework for 21st century learning is facilitated by distinguishing between learning in the 21st century and learning for the 21st century. Learning in uses the tools, media, and cultures of this century -- e.g., creating a class blog. Learning for aims at helping learners to acquire the skills, habits, and knowledge they need to thrive in this century -- e.g., helping learners become more information literate. By using C21L’s Scenarios on Learning In and For the 21st Century, educators can consider these and other questions in order to deepen their understanding of 21st century learning and to strengthen their efforts to implement essential practices.