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Salt Lake City Branch subject credit

1:15

approval terms of Pie. In.

1:20

The spring of nineteen fourteen, a

1:22

man named Ivy League received a

1:24

job offer to come work for

1:26

the Rockefellers. They said they could

1:28

really use his help. Ideally

1:31

was thirty six and. Lived. In

1:34

Philadelphia, where he worked for the

1:36

Pennsylvania Railroad. He did pr for

1:38

them. He'd started

1:40

out as reporter, but later realized he

1:42

could use what he knew about journalism

1:45

to the advantage of the Pennsylvania Railroad.

1:48

He's. Really develops something of a

1:50

reputation. He is hosted the first

1:52

ever press conference further Pennsylvania Railroad

1:55

I'm and he's really had a

1:57

shaking things up in terms of

1:59

how. The media works and how

2:01

populations deal with the media. Journalist

2:04

in Us. And

2:06

to that point there been

2:09

a pretty adversarial relationship between

2:11

the media and industrialists. Companies

2:13

and general would just try to

2:15

avoid talking to the media or

2:17

would hide information. An Ivy League

2:19

was like no you should be

2:22

forthcoming and that will actually help

2:24

you to save the story and

2:26

tell people what you want them

2:28

to share. I. Really

2:30

had created what's been called

2:32

the world's first press release.

2:35

And. It was so new that when he first

2:37

started sending them out, papers would just run

2:39

them. Including the New York

2:41

Times, Any less

2:44

developed says media outlets. Weren't used

2:46

to having executives offered to them

2:48

for interviewees. So. It took

2:50

the media a minute to kind

2:52

of realize that this wasn't being

2:55

done in good faith. I

2:57

really was interested in the job. With

2:59

the Rockefellers, they were one of the

3:02

richest and most powerful families in America.

3:05

They. Wanted to bring em on as a consultant.

3:07

They said they would let him keep his day

3:09

job. The. Rockefellers had

3:11

a problem. People.

3:13

Who are protesting in front of

3:15

their offices. They were saying John

3:18

the Rockefeller Jr. was responsible for

3:20

the murder of to women and

3:22

eleven children who'd been found dead

3:25

in an underground room underneath some

3:27

floorboards near coal mine in Colorado.

3:31

Jaunty Rockefeller Jr. Father always told

3:34

him not to engage with the

3:36

press. Or the public. But

3:38

he was starting to doubt his father's way

3:41

of doing things. He wanted people to

3:43

your his side of the story. He

3:46

told Ivy Leagues that he felt

3:48

misunderstood. He had asked

3:50

friends. For advice, they either told

3:52

him to say nothing or to

3:54

dig out ads and major newspapers.

3:57

And explain themselves that way. But.

4:00

Ideally said, those were all

4:02

terrible ideas. He had something

4:05

completely different in mind. And.

4:08

Sort of the genesis us

4:10

corporate tr. I'm

4:13

C B Just discriminate. Jaunty.

4:25

Rockefeller Senior. Was born and

4:27

eighteen Thirty nine Enrich for New York.

4:31

And. He became America's first

4:33

billionaire. He sort of

4:35

one of the biggest companies in the world

4:37

Standard Oil. And it's

4:39

interesting when you talk to sort

4:42

of the historians of oil. They

4:44

always talk about Rockefeller as being

4:46

sort as are of particular type

4:49

of oil man. He was very

4:51

and as east coast protestant approach

4:53

to oil. her her says like

4:56

later. On your Gas. With the

4:58

whole the Texas Wildcat approach to

5:00

oils mean I kind of other's

5:02

ideas. You know, even very successful

5:04

oil guys. Being

5:07

out there, right in the fields, being like

5:09

those Texas guys you know, getting themselves covered

5:11

with oil. For a couple of years

5:13

before they really striking big the but

5:15

this wasn't the case with with Rockefeller.

5:17

I mean, he was never covered in

5:19

oil. He was always rich I

5:21

think that's important to note, but yeah, she's

5:24

like in a suit. In every single

5:26

picture there as a support a

5:28

success. Growing. Up

5:30

Jaunty. Rockefeller's father was also gone

5:33

so long periods. Of time. He's

5:35

all different types of treatments and

5:37

potions to people with cancer. And

5:39

sometimes he pretended to be deaf and

5:42

blind so people would give money. Rockefeller's

5:46

mothers with strict and very

5:48

religious. After he dropped out

5:50

of high school, he worked as an assistant

5:52

bookkeeper, And then along with

5:55

his brother he got involved in the

5:57

new oil industry his way and was

5:59

do. Deal with people who.

6:01

Hides land that had reserves on air

6:04

and than buying up that much land

6:06

as possible and really kind of the

6:08

key really thought. Through the idea of

6:10

owning as much of the supply chain

6:12

as a coed and that being sort

6:15

of the ticket to meeting at Bag.

6:17

Kinda. Slice had four daughters and

6:20

sons. They were also religious and

6:22

strict about money. He

6:24

really felt like his

6:27

religious mess and his.

6:30

And of rigid was responsible for

6:32

his success. He also was a

6:34

little that avast. Believer.

6:36

In the idea that Odd

6:39

was rewarding Sam with these

6:41

oil discoveries. That he was having some

6:43

much like quest. And

6:46

then in the early Nineteen Hundreds,

6:48

a journalist named I Did Tarbell

6:50

published a nineteen part x Thursday

6:53

detailing Rockefeller's monopoly on the industry.

6:56

I target else was one of

6:58

the pioneers of long form investigative

7:00

journalism. She. Was born

7:03

in a log cabin in Pennsylvania. Her

7:06

father's oil business. Had started doing

7:08

well until the Rockefellers started taking

7:10

over local gas and oil companies.

7:13

Either Tarbell roots that her father started

7:15

to come home with a grim look

7:17

on his face. His

7:20

business partner died by suicide. In

7:23

or Expose A She described Jaunty

7:25

Rockefeller Senior as someone who was

7:27

money mad. And. She wrote

7:29

about Standard Oil. They've never

7:32

played fair. People.

7:34

Was over the country. Read her

7:36

reporting. The Rockefeller Senior became very

7:38

unpopular and has been described as

7:41

the most hated man in America.

7:44

It's is t eight. He mostly retired.

7:47

His son John the Rockefeller Jr had

7:49

grown up a New York. He

7:52

was shy and insecure and since

7:54

he was a teenager skied experience

7:56

so called breakdowns. He

7:58

was a good student. And after

8:01

he graduated college, he joined his father's

8:03

company. He. Makes

8:05

you for the Rockefellers took over

8:07

the biggest coal company in Southern

8:09

Colorado cold call him out of

8:11

fuel in Iron. Which. Was

8:14

supplying the expanding railroads. Thousands.

8:17

Of coal miners work for them. Put.

8:21

This the coal mining industry.

8:23

Like in the early Nineteen hundreds.

8:26

It was dirty

8:28

and dangerous and.

8:30

Coal. Miners were really down a

8:33

mine for. Multiple hours

8:35

a day and this is also

8:37

pre any kind of limits on

8:40

workdays Soaks you're looking at ten

8:42

to twelve hours a day and.

8:45

There's no mechanized health at this

8:47

point either, so they're using. His

8:50

acts as an it's hauling

8:52

stuff out in. Again,

8:54

this is definitely. Ross work.

8:56

They're not getting a lot of

8:59

fakes and they'll The idea of

9:01

being paid for working overtime is

9:03

kind of. not even that Clinton

9:06

anyone's I at this really. Cool

9:10

Miners are usually paid by the ton

9:12

for the cool they produced, not by

9:14

the hour or day they'd work. A

9:17

lot of people died on the

9:20

job. Sometimes some explosions caused by

9:22

natural. Gas is inside the mines.

9:25

Sometimes from falling rocks, the roof

9:27

of the Mind cookie them traveling

9:29

everyone inside the mountain. When

9:33

minors got off work, everything was

9:35

shaped around intensity. These

9:37

coal mines are in the middle of nowhere

9:39

people near place. To. Live in Irons,

9:41

coal miners were often in the

9:44

position of having to live in

9:46

company towns and really having every

9:48

aspect of their lives kind of

9:51

controlled by the company and. Oh

9:53

might have had to pay rent to the

9:55

coal companies for the shacks where they live

9:57

near the mines. some of them with their

9:59

family. A cool

10:01

company, open saloons and stores in

10:04

the camps where they often charged

10:06

high prices. Everything was beings to.

10:09

Duck that from their pay back to

10:11

the companies and this is a great.

10:13

Situation for coal companies,

10:15

they had to provide.

10:17

A. Limited amount of sort of

10:19

housing and food and him greatly

10:22

reduced their labor. costs of this

10:24

is not a great for coworkers.

10:27

The. Rockefellers hired a man named

10:30

Lamont Bowers. To oversee

10:32

the mines in Colorado. Lamont.

10:34

Montgomery Bowers. Author:

10:36

Scott Martell. And.

10:38

He's was oh hard drive roof

10:40

men are racist of we disdain

10:43

from of the miners are working

10:45

for them and misuse them are

10:47

largely responsible if not for making

10:49

conditions bad for not doing sent

10:52

me conditions better so you know

10:54

full well what life was like

10:56

I'm was called minds animals, coke

10:58

apps and those perfectly fine with

11:00

him. Because. Of observation me

11:02

back around that time the from coal

11:05

mine operators values and move within the

11:07

men because of of man died on

11:09

the job hire somebody else if a

11:11

mule died of a had a binomial

11:13

so they were driven of men was

11:15

pretty much open to stay with her.

11:17

Every corner of. All

11:19

companies hired mine guards to keep an eye

11:21

on everything. They. Were far

11:23

away from any kind of law enforcement. So

11:26

managers had complete control of

11:28

the camps. Coal.

11:31

Miners in Colorado had walked off

11:33

the job several times. Mines.

11:36

Were workers had managed to unionize,

11:38

were generally safer. They

11:41

tended to be in better physical shape because

11:43

the union was there to sort of

11:45

arguably half of the men the first place

11:47

wasn't safe. We're not gonna go in

11:49

there. He urged me to do x,

11:52

y and z before our workers will usher

11:54

take part in mining that shaft. But.

11:56

It was very difficult. For workers to

11:59

unionize. Every new of their

12:01

people were found out they be summarily

12:03

fired. Some cases recently been killed. The

12:06

coal company play spies among the

12:09

workers to report back on what

12:11

workers disgust. And hired

12:13

people who spoke different languages to. They

12:15

brought in a bunch of people from

12:18

other cultures, other countries who didn't share

12:20

common languages would make it harder for

12:22

the union organizers to be effective. So

12:24

was I Met him. Thirteen came around.

12:27

There was some of more than a

12:29

dozen different languages, I suppose being spoken

12:31

in the camps, but an ancient thirteen.

12:33

Most of the people in the minds

12:36

in Colorado agreed that things had changed.

12:38

The announced that they're gonna go on

12:40

strike. They put together a list. Of

12:43

demands for the mine operators. All.

12:45

Of them kind of Clinton Retrospect, you're not

12:47

exorbitant Longworth days to have the right to

12:49

collective bargaining. the right to born to a

12:52

you knew that was. The. Main

12:54

Flashpoint. At the

12:56

mine operators deceased. So.

12:59

One morning in late September in the

13:01

middle of the big rainstorm. Long.

13:04

Lines of people. Walked out. There

13:06

are more than twelve thousand of

13:09

them coal miners, their wives and

13:11

children carrying their belongings are pushing

13:13

wagons. And carts. The

13:15

news? It's as long as. The strike when

13:18

on. They couldn't return to their homes

13:20

in the mining towns which are owned

13:22

by the companies. And. They bought

13:24

a whole bunch of chance and to

13:26

attend a camp. equipment including must and

13:28

specs and effect and sort of some

13:31

some call is so as his folks

13:33

were coming out of the Virginians have

13:35

been for from their homes they were

13:37

selling him to these to call it's.

13:40

The. Biggest of the tent. Albany's was at Ludlow

13:43

where there is a small train station.

13:45

Over. A thousand people. Moved into tense. Their.

13:49

One of them was young woman named

13:51

Mary Thomas. She'd. Grown

13:53

up and of pro union mining family

13:55

in Wales. Better. Husband had

13:57

left her in their two children. Going

14:00

to America. Marry. Thomas

14:02

decided to track him down and

14:04

given the message. She.

14:07

Found him in Colorado. I

14:10

just wanted to meet him to

14:13

tell him. That I

14:15

would. Never put

14:17

me back. Would you buy stuff? About

14:20

the kids are none of

14:22

that killed him. He

14:24

felt that flaming red Zero Nine?

14:27

really? from. This

14:30

is an oral history of Mary

14:32

Thomas recorded in Nineteen Seventy Four.

14:36

Merits had nowhere to go and moved into

14:38

a tenant lead the with their children. She

14:41

refused to stay with her husband. She

14:44

describes how people tried to make

14:46

themselves comfortable in the tents. They

14:48

put down wooden floor boards and

14:51

Mary's told orange create the Celts.

14:54

Quotes: I put my break bedspreads

14:56

on the courts with curtains to

14:58

match, which I hung over the

15:00

two small windows. Every

15:03

morning someone Raise the American Flag

15:05

is a tent colony. they the

15:07

Big Ten for union meetings. Were

15:09

married Thomas would sing season or

15:11

beautiful singing voice photos so she

15:14

would entertain people, move attempts on

15:16

the meetings with songs, winning sing

15:18

alongs on their time of her.

15:21

Name is Thomas said Made friends with some of

15:23

the other women in the camp. A

15:27

lot. To. Say.

15:31

And sentences does of the

15:33

nothing. Was. Sued

15:36

me to of her friends for coffee in the morning.

15:39

And they would sometimes sit outside in the sun.

15:42

Mary recalled. What a

15:44

bleak view for miles. And miles

15:46

there was uneven prairie with small

15:49

hill scattered all about. Things.

15:52

got more difficult as the months war

15:54

on that would review was a blizzard

15:56

drop like for high free com some

15:58

of these mountains. It

16:00

was difficult moment burrow lot of. Course.

16:03

Those in would stones in the tents themselves

16:05

and they try to keep warm but it

16:07

was. It was not an easy facts but

16:09

life on that part of the country in

16:12

that era wasn't easy to begin with. Fleas

16:14

are guys were moving out of poorly constructed

16:16

shanties in the the company tells him to

16:19

tense was wouldn't for is on the high

16:21

points. And him in

16:23

the first week or ten days or so

16:25

of strikers who are less or folks who

16:27

are determined to him to noom representations. They

16:30

get the says the folks who decided to

16:32

stick it out to the defensive resolve as

16:34

they were gonna go away easily both sides.

16:36

So this is kind of a. A

16:39

protracted battle nobody saw an easy victory

16:42

in Rockefeller by was by no means

16:44

going to capitulate. John.

16:48

Jay Rockefeller. Jr that to is

16:50

mine operator in Colorado. Mum on

16:52

dollars. Whatever the outcome,

16:55

we will stand by you to the end.

16:58

He later said. The. Record

17:01

so that the conditions have been

17:03

admirable. A strike is than imposed

17:05

on the company and the outside.

17:08

They. Ignored the strikes and began

17:10

hiring new people to continue operations.

17:13

Mine production took a ship and immediate aftermath

17:15

of a walk out, but slowly over the

17:18

next two or three months he began getting

17:20

back to near normal production, which was one

17:22

of the problems of the union organizers were

17:24

facing because if he couldn't shut down production

17:26

been, you really didn't have much of a

17:29

bargaining position with the mine operators. In

17:31

December, Rockefeller Jr. wrote to him

17:33

on dollars. I feel

17:36

hopeful the worst is over and that

17:38

the situation will improve daily. But.

17:41

There was a lot of violence. Two

17:43

men had turned up dead and gun

17:45

sights were breaking out between strikers and

17:48

mine carts. Local gun shops

17:50

are running out of guns and people were

17:52

bringing them in from elsewhere. Lot of weapons.

17:54

A lot of them were brought in by

17:56

the mine operators and love are mine guards

17:58

for their side. The reunion was picturing

18:01

weapons also and there was a guy for

18:03

the Red Cross who have to be in

18:05

the district doing a reports and he witnessed

18:07

a whole bunch of strength supporters moving rifles

18:10

from a hotel into the back of a

18:12

car and driving that into the strike district.

18:14

Lose lot of you illicit arms dealing going

18:17

on to support his ass. And

18:20

then mine operators began ordering

18:22

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21:02

Morning in January. Nineteen, Fourteen months

21:04

into the Strike. A. Woman

21:06

in her seventies got off the train

21:08

at Trinidad Station near the Ludlow tent

21:11

camp. Members of

21:13

the state militias immediately detained her.

21:16

The. Been waiting for. Her

21:19

name was Mary Harris Jones.

21:21

But. Everybody's called her mother child's.

21:24

Mother Jones was or from passing

21:26

figure in of your She was

21:28

a a radical union supporter union

21:30

organizer. so whenever there was a

21:32

libra fight going on, somehow Mother

21:35

Jones would magically appear in the

21:37

midst of us. From act as

21:39

an agitator see give speeches to

21:41

rile up the union forces should

21:43

also some mythical figure. Mother

21:47

Jones usually wore glasses, a

21:49

hat and along black dress. Shoes

21:52

known for her powerful speeches. Lots

21:54

people came to see her. Newspapers

21:57

called her the. Most well known.

22:00

In in America. And. A

22:02

folk hero. Before.

22:05

The Colorado Strike had officially started.

22:07

Mother Jones had toward the areas

22:09

giving speeches and encouraging minors to

22:11

strike and sees just pursuing a

22:14

problem street and exhorting though men

22:16

are primarily member the mines to

22:18

fight for themselves, fight for their

22:21

lives, law and points or something

22:23

effect ripped if users will fight

22:25

for yourselves and women and and

22:28

let them do. Mother

22:30

Jones often focused on the women and. Children

22:32

who lived in full towns. She.

22:35

Wanted Stanley's. To be involved in

22:37

the strikes. She'd

22:40

grown up in Ireland during the

22:42

Great Salmon when about one million

22:44

people, mostly poor farmers died. After.

22:47

Immigrating to America us to worked as

22:49

a teacher and dressmaker. She.

22:51

Lived in Memphis for their husband and

22:53

four children when a yellow Fever epidemic

22:55

broke out and eighteen sixty seven. And

22:58

it's killed her family. She

23:01

wrote. One. I'm on

23:03

my for little children. sickened and died.

23:06

I sat alone two nights of Greece. She

23:09

also wrote. The rich in

23:11

the world to do fled the city. Also,

23:15

Elliot's acorn rights. This. Is

23:18

a poor aging immigrant widow married

23:20

zones invented the character. Of

23:22

Mother Jones. And that it

23:24

fried her from expectations of how woman

23:26

should behave. Quote: She

23:29

wore antique black dresses in

23:31

public and she began exaggerating

23:33

her age. As. He's

23:35

a very much an agitator on our provocateur

23:37

or so much so this one of getting

23:40

arrested pretty much where was showed up. In.

23:43

Colorado Mother Jones is eventually it's locked

23:45

up in a local hospital. Authorities

23:48

said she was quote dangerous to the

23:50

piece of the community. Their.

23:52

Lives of the lot easier. She wasn't on strike so

23:54

so really wanted to get her out of her. People

23:58

were serious when they heard that. After

24:00

June two then arrested a group

24:02

of women organize the march which

24:04

turned violent. News

24:06

Thomas who lived in the lead

24:08

though tent camps was arrested after

24:10

arguing with an officer. She.

24:12

Was in prison for eleven days. At

24:15

night should stand by the window and

24:18

sing the songs. Union Forever.

24:21

The men in the jail would sing along with

24:23

her. You

24:26

you forever. For. Oh

24:29

boy one. Dot. Or.

24:34

It's coming from my mother. Did

24:37

something wrong to blame? You

24:41

for. Your view. The.

24:46

Violence continued. And

24:49

the mine operators decided to bring out a

24:52

weapon they'd made out of an old car.

24:55

If you some sort of envision in

24:57

the early model of a humvee with

24:59

no. Windows A roof as

25:02

kind of what it was was like

25:04

a flatbed truck was no top and

25:06

was machine gun bolted to go to

25:09

the back. Someone. Came

25:11

up with a nickname for. The

25:13

deaths special than we would drive along

25:15

the roads quite often. Not even fire,

25:17

it just feels a physical presence of

25:19

thing was a threat. To

25:22

protect themselves and their families from gunfire.

25:24

Some of the strikers in lot though

25:26

remove their tents wouldn't floorboards and dug

25:29

trenches so they'd a safe place to

25:31

hide inside the tent. In

25:34

one tent, they dug a larger trench. Scott

25:37

Martell describes it as an underground

25:39

bunker. Which was meant to be

25:41

a safe place for the camps pregnant women

25:43

give birth. The

25:46

local. Sheriff wrote to the Governor

25:48

Scott Martell rights that the

25:50

shares expressed a quotes growing

25:52

sense of helplessness in maintaining

25:55

the peace. Mine

25:57

operators one of the governor to send in

25:59

the. No guard militia. And

26:02

eventually that's what he did. Once

26:06

the National Guard arrived, things seem

26:08

to quiet down and Mama Bowers

26:10

wrote a letter to John the

26:13

Rockefeller Jr. The strike we believe

26:15

is wearing it sells out. The

26:18

governor begin withdrawing from of a national

26:20

guard units seconds of things and compound

26:22

disney that many soldiers the state budget

26:25

really couldn't afford to keep a on.

26:27

These guys soon begin withdrawing yours over

26:29

the winter. But there

26:31

is still a small group of soldiers. In the area.

26:34

Many of them were former mine guards.

26:37

Scott. Martell rights that the

26:39

strikers were nurses, And

26:42

the remaining militiamen worried that the strikers

26:44

it's would attack them know that they

26:46

were smaller group. April

26:49

nineteenth was Easter Sunday for the

26:51

Greek Orthodox Church. And.

26:53

Modulates a tent colony celebrated. Many

26:56

the miners are Greeks militiamen showed

26:58

up with the rifles to watch.

27:01

Things. For tense. And.

27:03

Members of the Miller said heard rumors that a

27:06

man was being held against his will at the

27:08

tent camp. So. The

27:10

day after Easter Sunday the went looking for

27:12

him. Since

27:14

a group of militiamen started moving

27:16

towards the love though colony carrying

27:19

a machine that. The.

27:21

Striking coal miner saw them and came

27:23

out of their tents with rifles. One

27:26

of the camp leaders was just outside the

27:28

tent. Colonies and sell what was happening.

27:32

He started running back towards the tents,

27:34

wheezing a white handkerchief. This

27:37

was an early morning, the national

27:39

guard had moved and machine guns

27:41

to an issue so forth and

27:43

like and most skirmishes both sides

27:45

of your when fired first but

27:47

them for begin ringing outs and

27:49

some bullets were flying in both

27:51

directions. Marry

27:53

Thomas remembered the moment. She realized

27:55

something was wrong. And

27:58

Done. One. He

28:02

didn't even. Have.

28:05

You get snow? Promote me. Here.

28:08

Lot of fun! Well

28:12

as much stuff. She. Gets.

28:14

Slammed. Someone. Came running up

28:17

to them telling them they had to leave the

28:19

camp. He. Came to.

28:22

The kids are gonna clean. Just signed up.

28:25

Today. And.

28:29

Liberals. Does you didn't know what to do?

28:31

much? She

28:34

gathered her own and a friend's children.

28:36

And started running. She

28:38

wrote the prairie was covered with

28:40

human beings running in all directions,

28:42

like if we all ran as

28:44

we were. Some were babies on

28:47

their backs in whatever close we

28:49

were wearing. She

28:51

saw a friend who's trying to run with

28:53

or three small children. Wearing only slippers

28:55

on her feet, Married

28:58

took her babies and they kept running

29:00

until she dropped issue. When

29:02

she stopped to pull it back on, a

29:04

bullet clipped her wrist. They.

29:07

Made to safety and hit. Mary's

29:10

friend whose baby sit carried tour

29:12

piece of her petticoats to wrap

29:14

around Mary's bleeding rest. Rearming.

29:17

Strikers begin moving out of the camp

29:19

to draw fire away from us and

29:21

call itself and they were moving up

29:23

front of her, edges of fossil side

29:25

and out into a ravine which gave

29:27

them a little bit of protection from

29:29

the national Guard. In

29:31

the tent camp a seven year old girl

29:34

named Ellen courts what says her father that

29:36

out his gun to go join the silence.

29:39

Parents who still wearing your Easter dress

29:41

didn't want him to leave and clung

29:44

to him outside the tent until her

29:46

sister came out together. She

29:49

pulled me by the here until I let go of. Him

29:51

Helen later recalled. I.

29:53

Knew my dad was gonna get killed. Helen.

29:57

And her mother, brother, and two sisters ran

29:59

out of their ten and toward the water

30:01

well for a group of women and children

30:03

for hide in. The. Family

30:05

dog followed them. Bullets.

30:08

Were flying everywhere. The dog was

30:10

just. Telling said

30:12

I remember how quiet everything

30:14

was except for the shooting.

30:18

Some. People hit in the trenches still been

30:20

dug under the tenth floor boards. A

30:23

group of women. One of them was pregnant. Didn't

30:26

the underground bunker with their children? As

30:29

large as to flip a pregnant woman who's giving

30:31

birth m the midwives were was helping her with.

30:34

Them as the gun fire broke out. For.

30:37

Mothers and eleven children slid

30:39

attorneys a wooden floor. All.

30:42

Day reinforcements kept rising for

30:44

both sides. But. Then

30:47

in the evenings. Some. Of the

30:49

militiamen moved into the lead the tent

30:51

colony. Looting the tents and

30:53

caring torches and I witnesses saw

30:55

national guardsmen with torches going from

30:57

tend to tend to temp is

30:59

certainly sums up my do things

31:01

up. Scott Martell says there's no

31:03

evidence that the national guardsmen had

31:05

been ordered to set fire to

31:07

the colony but they seemed based

31:09

on eyewitness accounts just them to

31:11

on destroying for the day was

31:13

over. the done for was pretty

31:15

much done and they move them

31:17

and move and torched it. The

31:19

national guard try to blame. It on

31:22

an errant bullet or a cold stone. the

31:24

got knocked over by a bullet them from

31:26

a flames for free on by the wind.

31:28

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33:36

The Ten: What? The bunker? Under the

33:38

floorboards started burning. And.

33:42

The women are arguing among themselves, debate among

33:44

themselves were really should get up from the

33:46

or out of a whole make a run

33:48

for or will be safe for their only

33:51

front of the certainly be safer where they

33:53

were but they work anticipating what were burning

33:55

tempt above them would do a began getting

33:57

hot the floor began smoldering. A couple of.

34:00

The had reached up to the

34:02

for your fingers burned for their

34:04

huddling in the bottom of this

34:06

whole not realizing that the fire

34:08

was taking all the oxygen out

34:10

were they were hiding. am fairly

34:12

soon wb gossiping into unconsciousness. Early

34:15

the next morning one of the women's her

34:17

name was married to to t woke up

34:20

in the bunker. She tried to

34:22

wake up or three small children. But

34:24

none of them moved. Married.

34:26

To to cheat and one other woman were

34:29

the only ones. Who survived the night

34:31

and the underground bunker? Marriage.

34:36

Thomas and her children but out

34:38

of the camp and survived leader

34:40

to and back to the tent

34:42

colony. When I went back home

34:44

I saw. A

34:46

slow. Deaths

34:49

In The Plans. Or

34:52

and tags. Posts.

34:57

News of what had happened at Ludlow

34:59

started spreading. For. A couple

35:01

of days. The. Militia didn't move

35:03

the bodies. Of people been killed

35:06

by gunshots on the Prairie People traveling

35:08

past Ludlow by train. Would look

35:10

out the windows and see the bodies on the

35:12

grand. They. Were horrified. And

35:16

then the union is. She's a call

35:18

to arms. And armed men

35:20

began making their way to Southern

35:22

Colorado. Their argument was that clearly

35:24

they were getting no protection from

35:26

local police are getting killed by

35:28

the national guard him a state agency

35:30

so was going to be up

35:32

to them to protect themselves or wives

35:35

and children. And nobody has a

35:37

queer estimate of how many folks

35:39

him into the district. But it was

35:41

scores if not hundreds of men

35:43

who came in the for help. The

35:45

next ten days was just movement,

35:47

was on fire and bloodshed. Then

35:51

President Woodrow Wilson realized he had

35:53

to get involved. He

35:56

contacted Jaunty Rockefeller Jr. and

35:58

urged him to said. The

36:01

Strikers. A jaunty

36:03

Rockefeller Jr. was seized. So.

36:06

Eventually the president said in the

36:08

federal army and dismissed as state

36:10

militia. The President

36:12

said he was not sending in the

36:14

army to endorse set of the strike,

36:16

it to keep peace. And

36:18

that was so Us Army good on their

36:20

own of I was just kind of drifted

36:22

away from the minors standpoint. There were enemy

36:24

was a national guard not the Us government

36:26

or the Us Army. Several.

36:29

Months later, the strike ended. Poorly.

36:32

Seventy five people were killed over the course

36:35

of the saying, and nobody was incredibly accountable

36:37

for any other. People.

36:40

Started calling it the Lot though massacre.

36:43

The. Rocker from us and will respond at

36:45

all at first but as. The

36:47

national outrage spread. he will New

36:49

York Times called the National Guard

36:52

what they have done a few

36:54

times was notoriously anti union. Of

36:56

time public pressure begin mounting. And.

36:58

Own John the Rockefeller

37:00

Jr. spoke at a

37:03

Congressional hearing am just

37:05

came across. Horribly

37:07

and when the make a good

37:09

defense and what we had done

37:11

seemed unconcerned about violence about the

37:13

carnage which was excoriated the newspapers

37:15

fair point. Johnny

37:17

Rockefeller Jr. went looking for someone

37:20

who could help them manage the

37:22

bad press. So

37:24

I really gets on a train and he

37:26

does all the way from Pennsylvania to Conrad

37:28

out to see what's going on on. The

37:30

Ground and Ludlow. And

37:33

then he started writing a tape of newsletter. Or

37:35

news bulletins. That he would send

37:37

to what he called leaders of public opinion

37:39

all over the country. Including

37:42

newspaper editors. His

37:44

mailing list and nineteen thousand needs.

37:47

The newsletter would present Situation and

37:50

Colorado in a way that might

37:52

gain support for Rockefeller Jr. and

37:54

the mine operators. I

37:57

can we put. Together the newsletters

37:59

intensely. But he wanted

38:01

it to look like they were coming straight

38:03

out of Colorado. So he first

38:05

send them there were they were postmarked and

38:07

sent out. And. In

38:10

those little newsletters is

38:12

he claims that most

38:14

of. The people striking were not. Even

38:16

really coal miners that they

38:18

were. Hired actors who are

38:20

are part of a national labor.

38:22

Campaign and that Mother Jones

38:24

has orchestrated the whole thing.

38:27

And. Then for some reason he works

38:29

in this idea that Mother Jones

38:31

was actually running a brothel in

38:33

town. At the time she was

38:36

quite old and had spent quite

38:38

a long time being a labor

38:40

organizer. never never had run a

38:42

brothel said. The idea that that

38:44

would be somehow away to

38:46

discredit. Her was was an interesting

38:48

choice on his and but he throws

38:51

everything he can add an. Amy.

38:53

Us developed rights that Ivy

38:55

Leagues biographers disagree on Whether

38:57

he. Was well intentioned, He. Has

39:00

written a whole book about how important

39:02

it is for companies to be. Honest

39:05

and forthcoming in their communications with

39:07

both the media and the public

39:09

and that they should never hide

39:11

things are spin things because as

39:13

an authentic and it will never

39:15

work. But then he also has

39:18

this really famous quotes what our

39:20

socks But my. Interpretation Of

39:22

the truth. In.

39:24

One of his his letters ideally

39:27

detailed how much the Rockefellers personally

39:29

profited from their coal company. He

39:32

wanted to show people that most of the

39:34

money when back into the company. Which

39:36

he said was good for the state to. Me

39:40

is is like the first. Crisis Controls.

39:42

Yes, So. You know,

39:44

ideally starts to do Pr in

39:46

the late eighteen hundreds and New

39:49

has this confluence of factors. In

39:51

the Us at that time, right? You

39:54

have the first regulations being passed. On

39:56

business you have the votes

39:58

expanding. To people. Don't necessarily

40:01

share any interest. That's like the

40:03

Rockefellers You have a journalist

40:05

who are doing big investigative

40:07

piece says all of that

40:09

stuff is happening around this

40:11

time and companies are a

40:13

little bit caught. Off guard

40:15

by it, you know they've not

40:18

really had to deal with any

40:20

restrictions on their activities or any

40:22

criticism from the public or anything

40:25

like that. And Ivy League and

40:27

it goes. Ah, I can help

40:29

them solve this problem and communicate

40:32

to the public's in a way

40:34

that helps you see things in

40:37

their direction. But. The

40:39

newspapers had printed photographs of dead

40:41

bodies near the lead the tent

40:43

camp. And people were soft.

40:45

the Rockefellers look. Really bad. None

40:48

of their justifications are working.

40:50

Really? No one. Was buying

40:52

anything that the Rockefellers were selling

40:54

during this period? It's probably. Because

40:57

of Mother Jones, she had done a

40:59

really good job of getting a lot

41:01

of information out about what was really

41:03

going on at Ludlow, and she was

41:05

a very trustworthy source at this. So.

41:08

He sort of realizes. oh. The.

41:11

Bigger problem here is that people

41:13

don't trust the Rockefellers. Reason I

41:15

didn't win this information war is

41:18

that people trust Mother Jones and

41:20

the workers. More than they

41:22

trust the Rockefellers. So how

41:25

do I get the public to

41:27

trust the Rockefellers? And so he

41:29

kind of his s and says

41:31

let's have Mother Jones and some

41:33

of the. Leaders of

41:35

this minor strike com and

41:37

meet with the Rockefellers. I

41:40

easily convinced John De Rockefeller Jr.

41:42

to go on field trips to

41:44

meet with minors in their homes.

41:47

Where. He could talk with them and their

41:49

families and ask them questions. An.

41:52

Ivy League made sure that a team

41:54

of reporters were present. They

41:56

really bend over backwards to

41:59

make amends. With a labor

42:01

unions and the he gets Rockefeller

42:03

going on quite a few different

42:06

philanthropic efforts and that's where things

42:08

kind of start to turn in.

42:10

Favor of the Rockefellers

42:12

after Ludlow. Ivy Leagues

42:15

and a leaflet to mineworkers letting

42:17

them know that the company now

42:19

had an employee representation plan and

42:21

he put up posters at the

42:23

mines. One of them read. We.

42:26

Want every man who works for the

42:28

Colorado Fuels and I and Company to

42:30

feel that the company is his friend.

42:34

I feel his name wasn't mentioned

42:36

in the newsletters. He wrote. But

42:39

people started talking about this Pr

42:41

consultant who is working with the

42:43

Rockefellers. Some people thought he

42:45

was very smart. Others thought

42:47

he twisted the truth to please

42:50

his employees. The

42:52

Right or Upton Sinclair nicknamed him

42:54

Poison Ivy. Other

42:56

critics have called him the masters

42:58

stage public opinion. He

43:02

kept working with the Rockefellers. They.

43:04

End up hiring Ham to work

43:06

on both standard oil and as

43:08

sort. Of their personal Pr guy for

43:10

the rest of his life. And

43:13

part of what he does for

43:15

them as this whole philanthropic endeavor.

43:17

Where he really starts to

43:19

position the Rockefeller name as

43:21

being synonymous with philanthropy. Before.

43:24

The those. Rockefeller Jr. had already

43:26

been focused on so anthropy. He

43:28

supported organizations like the Y M

43:30

C A. I've

43:33

always wanted to make sure people knew about this.

43:35

To boost Rockefeller's image as a Christian

43:38

mean. Rockefeller

43:40

Jr. earmarked. Is donations to

43:42

Bible Studies and something called

43:44

the industrial Department which aimed

43:46

to quote. Promote. Right

43:48

relationships between management and labor.

43:52

After that though, he particularly focused

43:54

on the Y M C Colorado.

43:57

Which opened new programs specifically

43:59

said miners. Some.

44:01

Sites that mobile made John

44:03

the Rockefeller Jr. more committed

44:06

to philanthropy. He really

44:08

turns the Rockefellers from being sort

44:10

of the evil red sky is

44:12

to. Kind of benevolent benefactors

44:15

in at about a decade.

44:19

For. Years after the Lot though massacre

44:21

and Nineteen eighteen, it's there's a ceremony

44:24

in love, both to memorialize the dead.

44:27

The first world war had ended

44:29

yet, and people weren't talking much

44:32

about Ludlow anymore. The coal

44:34

miners in union organizers had collected

44:36

enough money among themselves to build

44:38

the monument and Ludlow. Married

44:41

The True Cheese who had. Survived in the

44:43

underground bunkers but lost her three

44:45

children unveiled it. Edwin at monument

44:47

of a minor and a miner's

44:49

life who holds a small child

44:51

in her arms. The.

44:54

Ceremony had already started when a car came

44:56

up the dirt road and a messenger got

44:58

out. He went straight to

45:00

some of the event organizers and quietly

45:03

explained why he was there. He

45:05

handed them a card. It said

45:08

John De Rockefeller Jr. Rockefeller

45:11

got out of the car with his wife

45:13

and one of his advisors. Scott.

45:17

Martell rate that he seat in

45:19

the background listening to the speeches.

45:22

People. Were the Dead and

45:24

Different languages and Rockefeller was

45:26

barely noticed. He

45:28

hadn't been invited to the event. When.

45:31

The ceremony was almost over. He

45:33

gotten his car and last. The

45:38

strikers mean demand union representation

45:40

was not met. And

45:42

Scott Martell rights that little

45:44

changed for mineworkers. The

45:47

local massacres been called one

45:49

of the bleakest and blackest

45:51

episodes American labor history. Some.

45:54

Reporters have said that, but both

45:56

teams the nation's. Attitude toward labor

45:59

and co. It

46:01

became. A Cause and

46:03

Help put a lotta energy and

46:05

between organizing movement and became a

46:08

huge rallying cry for the union

46:10

movements. Woody Guthrie's done a song

46:12

Ludlow some sort of entered the

46:14

it's way into the consciousness as

46:16

a nation. He

46:20

does early spraying. Ah, another

46:22

strike was all. Those

46:25

as much as out of

46:27

doors out from the. That

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the company old. We moved

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in to say. Up

46:36

at all Ludlow. I

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was worded say about

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my children soldiers guarding

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railroad bridge every once

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in awhile. Criminals

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Alexander Snakes average illustrations, street.

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And sign up for our newsletter at

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