SummaryDatabases come in a variety of formats for different use cases. The default association with the term "database" is relational engines, but non-relational engines are also used quite widely. In this episode Oren Eini, CEO and creator of RavenDB, explores the nuances of relational vs. non-relational engines, and the strategies for designing a non-relational database.AnnouncementsHello and welcome to the Data Engineering Podcast, the show about modern data managementThis episode is brought to you by Datafold – a testing automation platform for data engineers that prevents data quality issues from entering every part of your data workflow, from migration to dbt deployment. Datafold has recently launched data replication testing, providing ongoing validation for source-to-target replication. Leverage Datafold's fast cross-database data diffing and Monitoring to test your replication pipelines automatically and continuously. Validate consistency between source and target at any scale, and receive alerts about any discrepancies. Learn more about Datafold by visiting dataengineeringpodcast.com/datafold (https://www.dataengineeringpodcast.com/datafold).Dagster offers a new approach to building and running data platforms and data pipelines. It is an open-source, cloud-native orchestrator for the whole development lifecycle, with integrated lineage and observability, a declarative programming model, and best-in-class testability. Your team can get up and running in minutes thanks to Dagster Cloud, an enterprise-class hosted solution that offers serverless and hybrid deployments, enhanced security, and on-demand ephemeral test deployments. Go to dataengineeringpodcast.com/dagster (https://www.dataengineeringpodcast.com/dagster) today to get started. Your first 30 days are free!Data lakes are notoriously complex. 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Go to dataengineeringpodcast.com/starburst (https://www.dataengineeringpodcast.com/starburst) and get $500 in credits to try Starburst Galaxy today, the easiest and fastest way to get started using Trino.Your host is Tobias Macey and today I'm interviewing Oren Eini about the work of designing and building a NoSQL database engineInterviewIntroductionHow did you get involved in the area of data management?Can you describe what constitutes a NoSQL database?How have the requirements and applications of NoSQL engines changed since they first became popular ~15 years ago?What are the factors that convince teams to use a NoSQL vs. SQL database?NoSQL is a generalized term that encompasses a number of different data models. How does the underlying representation (e.g. document, K/V, graph) change that calculus?How have the evolution in data formats (e.g. N-dimensional vectors, point clouds, etc.) changed the landscape for NoSQL engines?When designing and building a database, what are the initial set of questions that need to be answered?How many "core capabilities" can you reasonably design around before they conflict with each other?How have you approached the evolution of RavenDB as you add new capabilities and mature the project?What are some of the early decisions that had to be unwound to enable new capabilities?If you were to start from scratch today, what database would you build?What are the most interesting, innovative, or unexpected ways that you have seen RavenDB/NoSQL databases used?What are the most interesting, unexpected, or challenging lessons that you have learned while working on RavenDB?When is a NoSQL database/RavenDB the wrong choice?What do you have planned for the future of RavenDB?Contact InfoBlog (https://ayende.com/blog/)LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ravendb/?originalSubdomain=il)Parting QuestionFrom your perspective, what is the biggest gap in the tooling or technology for data management today?Closing AnnouncementsThank you for listening! Don't forget to check out our other shows. Podcast.__init__ (https://www.pythonpodcast.com) covers the Python language, its community, and the innovative ways it is being used. The Machine Learning Podcast (https://www.themachinelearningpodcast.com) helps you go from idea to production with machine learning.Visit the site (https://www.dataengineeringpodcast.com) to subscribe to the show, sign up for the mailing list, and read the show notes.If you've learned something or tried out a project from the show then tell us about it! Email [email protected] (mailto:[email protected])) with your story.LinksRavenDB (https://ravendb.net/)RSS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS)Object Relational Mapper (ORM) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object%E2%80%93relational_mapping)Relational Database (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database)NoSQL (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NoSQL)CouchDB (https://couchdb.apache.org/)Navigational Database (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigational_database)MongoDB (https://www.mongodb.com/)Redis (https://redis.io/)Neo4J (https://neo4j.com/)Cassandra (https://cassandra.apache.org/_/index.html)Column-Family (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_family)SQLite (https://www.sqlite.org/)LevelDB (https://github.com/google/leveldb)Firebird DB (https://firebirdsql.org/)fsync (https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fsync.2.html)Esent DB? (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/extensible-storage-engine/extensible-storage-engine-managed-reference)KNN == K-Nearest Neighbors (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm)RocksDB (https://rocksdb.org/)C# Language (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language))ASP.NET (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP.NET)QUIC (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QUIC)Dynamo Paper (https://www.allthingsdistributed.com/files/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf)Database Internals (https://amzn.to/49A5wjF) book (affiliate link)Designing Data Intensive Applications (https://amzn.to/3JgCZFh) book (affiliate link)The intro and outro music is from The Hug (http://freemusicarchive.org/music/The_Freak_Fandango_Orchestra/Love_death_and_a_drunken_monkey/04_-_The_Hug) by The Freak Fandango Orchestra (http://freemusicarchive.org/music/The_Freak_Fandango_Orchestra/) / CC BY-SA (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)