The Johnson & Johnson vaccine against COVID-19 is moving forward with positive clinical trial results and expects to seek emergency use authorization from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).  The company is working with its pharmaceutical arm Janssen to develop the vaccine under the project names Ensemble and Ensemble 2.  The company enrolled participants for its late-stage trials in December 2020 and will test its vaccine with two different doses. The first dose uses only one shot, while the second formulation calls for two shots.  The Johnson & Johnson vaccine is a recombinant viral vaccine that uses a live, attenuated, and weakened adenovirus as the vector.  A because of this is sometimes referred to as a viral vector vaccine. This technology has been around since the 1970’s and has been used in other therapeutics including in a vaccine against rabies.  We will discuss what that means and how it is different from the mRNA vaccines released from Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna.  We will discuss how this vaccine works and what makes it different from the mRNAs vaccines approved in the U.S. in December 2020.  We will also look at issues concerning its efficacy, its ability to confer long-term immunity, and its success rate against the variants.

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