In this week's episode, I explore how language planning can invisibilize or empower minority language communities. Language planning encompasses policies that attempt to bring about changes in the structure and functions of languages and/or language varieties. I mention several cases where the language is seen as a problem, right, or resource, and how public policy is enacted based on those orientations. Tune in next week where I explore how the controversial political status of Puerto Rico has played a starring role in the history of the teaching English on the island.

This week's references:

Doğançay-Aktuna, S. (1997) Language Planning. In: Hornberger N.H., Corson D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Language and Education. Encyclopedia of Language and Education, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4535-0_2

Pennycook, A. (2016). Politics, power relationships and ELT. The Routledge handbook of English language teaching, 26-37.

Ruiz, R. (1984). Orientations in language planning. NABE journal, 8(2), 15-34.