In 1909, in the book Pennsylvania Mountain Stories, Henry W. Shoemaker recounted the tale of “The Black Wolf of Oak Valley.” The names in this story were changed, and after digging around, I found the original tale that this story was based on: the 1896 saga of outlaw William Etlinger.

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Opening music from https://filmmusic.io. "Dark Child" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com). License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Closing music by Soma.

SOURCES

Altoona Tribune, May 2, 1896.

Lewisburg Journal, July 8, 1885.

Perry County Democrat, May 27, 1885.

“A Desperate Outlaw.” Murfreesboro (NC) Index, March 13, 1896.

“A Dramatic Tragedy.” Lancaster Intelligencer, March 11, 1896.

“A Monument to Barner.” Lewisburg Journal, March 20, 1896.

“As A Museum Curio.” Indiana Progress, March 11, 1896.

“Death Rather Than Capture.” Perry County Democrat, March 11, 1896.

“Defiant to the Last.” Lock Haven Evening Express, March 7, 1896.

―. Philadelphia Inquirer, March 7, 1896.

“Defies Half a Hundred.” Lancaster Intelligencer, March 7, 1896.

“Etlinger's Body Not Removed.” Philadelphia Times, March 11, 1896.

“His Body is Undisturbed.” Washington (DC) Times, March 11, 1896.

“Man Who Reports Deaths in Chair Never Saw One.” Pittsburgh Press, January 16, 1938.

“No Tears For Him.” Wilkes-Barre News, March 9, 1896.

“Robbed of About $4,000.” Lewisburg Chronicle, February 25, 1905.

“School Funds Missing.” Millheim Journal, April 23, 1885.

“Sequel to a Tragedy.” Aspen (CO) Daily Times, March 18, 1896.

“The Sheriff Must Pay Damages.” Mount Union Times, September 22, 1899.

“Tragedy at Woodward.” Lewisburg Journal, March 13, 1896.

Atlas of Centre County, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: A. Pomeroy & Co., 1874.

Commemorative Biographical Record of Central Pennsylvania. Chicago: J.H. Beers, 1898.

Pennsylvania Superior Court Records, Vol. 12. New York: Banks Law Publishing Co., 1911.

The Woodward Shoot-Out – The Pennsylvania Rambler

William Ettlinger, the Desperado of Woodward (paoddities.blogspot.com)

Howard Orndorf - Facts (ancestry.com)