We discuss the complex geography of the Indian Subcontinent, and how early societies in India, beginning with the mysterious Indus Valley Civilization, developed cities, technology, art, and literature, giving rise eventually to the flourishing Maurya and Gupta empires and the inventions of the Buddhist, Jain, and Hindu religions.

Image: Asoka pillar with lion amidst the remains of Vaisali, Bihar, India.

Please support this podcast and hear the recent lecture on the Founding Fathers! -- www.patreon.com/user?u=5530632