0:00

What's. Up you guys! I'm Haley and

0:02

I'm Andrea and this is inhuman. A

0:04

True crime podcast. Welcome

0:26

back everybody! Hope you're having a

0:28

good day whenever you are listening

0:30

to this. and today's episode is

0:33

going to kind of piggyback off

0:35

of my last episode. Where do

0:37

you didn't have not listened to.

0:40

Episode. Two nine

0:43

be five. Than.

0:46

Collison. The that for yeah. Because

0:50

I'm gonna ruin it right now. So.

0:53

This. Is your warning? Go listen to Episode Two

0:55

Ninety Five if you haven't yet. And

0:58

now men are on a sicko.

1:00

I am sorry again for playing

1:02

April Fools prank and pretending that

1:04

the Russians leave experimentally soil. Carbon.

1:08

I think a lot of people are. Yeah, we

1:10

got the funniest com. I was like. A.

1:13

Out I know I like them. Is

1:17

all they know We know like it's

1:19

real but it still for yeah we

1:21

know it's not real ah I posted

1:23

the the story on tic toc and

1:25

I did it in like to participate

1:27

in and so many people in part

1:29

one were like this is just a

1:31

creepy pasta take a him believe you

1:33

think this is a real story and

1:35

I'm like dude I thought you were

1:37

better than this I was like gatling

1:39

others the area so exactly. And

1:42

I read. Actions were real because I we

1:44

are some questions about were her about me

1:47

being and on it I was not in

1:49

on it, I was completely reacting organically authentic

1:51

hole it and I was just as I

1:54

can literally has you know you had a

1:56

screenshot of our tax it's of me being

1:58

like do you know anything. And

2:00

Andrew saying now the system.

2:03

By it was fine and I think

2:05

a lot of people like the yeah

2:08

and I had mentioned in that episode

2:10

that it kind of reminded. Me of

2:12

Be Stanford. Prison Experiment which if

2:15

you've taken a psychology course you

2:17

have likely. Heard. Of the

2:19

Stanford Prison Experiment on it's.

2:22

Very widely taught although it is now

2:25

kind of debunked flash not included in

2:27

as many textbooks. Insight courses in south

2:29

but will marry Hawk All about that.

2:31

Ah but I wanted to do an

2:34

episode on it because I think it's

2:36

really interesting and I know this the

2:38

little bit different and not really like.

2:41

Technically. True crime I guess, but it is

2:44

kind of like related and I think a lot

2:46

of us that listen to. True Crime.

2:48

Like. The psychology of things. And

2:51

so. I.

2:53

I was on a road trip and. Deep

2:55

Dive. Deep dove. Dive Deep.

2:57

I don't know what the right phrases

2:59

that I went deep into the his

3:02

hand. I found that super fascinating. Maybe

3:04

that's because. I studied psychology

3:06

but like now. I think

3:08

that's why most of us are here. I'm

3:10

a another settling people who like don't have

3:13

interest in psychology the later crimea like that's.

3:15

The backing for a lot of it. I.

3:18

Think so too. So. Today

3:20

we're going to consider what

3:22

happens when you gonna. Put

3:25

good people in an evil place.

3:27

And if humanity wins over evil

3:30

or of evil, try it. Because

3:33

that's exactly what the researchers who

3:36

conducted the nineteen seventy one Stanford

3:38

prison experiment wanted to find. I

3:40

want to say that they're like

3:42

I kind of mentioned have been

3:45

many studies kind of debunking the

3:47

results of the experiment due to

3:49

it's methodology and several other factors

3:51

we will be discussing. all of

3:53

that will discuss kind of what

3:55

went wrong, the criticisms, the ethical

3:57

concerns and why. Many say the study

3:59

said. The be shared in psychology

4:01

text books anymore. But first we're

4:03

going to go through what the

4:06

experiment was, how it took place,

4:08

and everything behind it. Yeah, So

4:11

the Stanford Prison Experiment was

4:13

a psychological experiment conducted in August

4:15

nineteen seventy one at Stanford

4:17

University, led by Psychology Professor. Philip

4:20

Zimbardo. And. Loving just say

4:22

I will post a picture of him is

4:24

he looks like limits of hit of the

4:26

as Liked what you think a psychologist in

4:28

the seventies were books like it is so

4:30

funny. But the goal of

4:32

this experiment? For Zimbardo was to. The.

4:35

To. See the differing psychological

4:37

effects. Of becoming a prisoner or

4:39

a prison. Guard and to

4:42

invest Investigate the psychological.

4:44

Effects of perceived power. From

4:47

a ninety ninety sixty. And for. New Service

4:50

article about the experiment quote Zimbardo

4:52

the primary. Reason for conducting the experiment

4:54

with to focus on the power. Of

4:56

Roles rules, Symbols, group identity

4:59

and situational validation of

5:01

behavior that generally. Would

5:03

for polls ordinary individuals. Zimbardo.

5:07

Told the Toronto Symposium in Nineteen

5:09

Ninety Six Quote: I'd been conducting

5:12

research for some years on the

5:14

individuation, vandalism, and be humanization that

5:16

illustrated the ease with which ordinary

5:19

people could be led to engage

5:21

in antisocial acts by putting them

5:23

in situations where they sell anonymous

5:26

or they could proceed perceive of

5:28

other others in a way that

5:30

made them feel less human as

5:33

enemies are objects. Yeah

5:35

I mean. I. Feel I just

5:37

based on like how social media is

5:40

and how ballsy people are on social

5:42

media because they know that such a

5:44

way they are quote unquote, anonymous or

5:46

he they are who they are. But

5:48

the chances you'll ever be safe to

5:50

say so that person gives you that

5:52

sense of. Anonymity. oh that's so

5:54

interesting that such a good point high

5:56

many as and and I went to

5:59

school for say. Like

6:04

being facetious yachts might have an

6:06

accent a either any but at

6:08

the Pet Suzette yeah yeah other

6:11

the psychology degree. Know that? Science

6:13

and psychology? Yes, But yes and

6:15

no. Interesting. I never thought about

6:17

it like that. Like modern day?

6:19

That theory. Yes, it's the exact

6:22

same thing. Interesting. Oh.

6:24

So Zimbardo sent out set out

6:26

to understand this phenomenon with a

6:28

research team at Stanford and I

6:30

didn't know this, but the study

6:32

was actually funded by the Us

6:34

Office of Naval Research because the

6:36

Navy and Marine Corps wanted to

6:38

understand the conflict between military guards

6:40

and prisoners and how antisocial behavior

6:43

plays into those dynamics who they.

6:45

Agreed to sign this study. said that takes

6:47

a bike. hopefully get something out of it.

6:49

Interesting. To. Recruit participants

6:52

for the study and add was placed

6:54

in the help wanted section of the

6:56

Palo Alto Times a on the stand

6:58

for Daily and the ad red Mail

7:00

College students needed for psychological study of

7:02

prison life. Fifteen. Dollars per day

7:04

for one to two weeks. Beginning. August fourteenth

7:06

For further information, And applications come

7:09

to room to forty. Eight Jordan Hall

7:11

The and for you. And

7:13

just to put that into more context, fifteen

7:15

dollars and Nineteen Seventy One is equal to

7:17

about one hundred and Fifteen dollars today. And

7:19

twenty twenty four, so is the I'd

7:22

was offering. And save money about one

7:24

hundred. Fifteen dollars a day to participate

7:26

in this to week experiment which for

7:28

someone who maybe doesn't have a job

7:30

or as in between jobs or needs

7:32

a second job and dairy and polish?

7:34

oh yeah. Like. And

7:37

this wasn't just to college students, but

7:39

a lot of people in the area

7:41

war college students and so. That's.

7:43

A lot of money for college student. And

7:48

I think a lot of the men to had

7:50

a thought like oh this will be time for

7:52

us to go and study or relax which are

7:54

we end up not being that but that was

7:57

really what some of them thought. yeah. So

8:00

over seventy man applied for the

8:02

experiment and they were each given

8:04

diagnostic interviews and personality tests. And

8:06

the goal of this was to

8:09

eliminate any candidates with psychological problems,

8:11

medical disability, or a history. Of

8:13

crime or drug abuse. After

8:16

all of these tests, they were twenty

8:19

four participants that were. That.

8:21

Remained and these were all College.

8:24

College. Aged men from the

8:26

Us and Canada. They were all

8:28

educated middle class and they were

8:31

mostly white. There. Was wine

8:33

Asian? American man. But the rest. For

8:35

white men. Into saying you are

8:37

though they would want a broader. Like.

8:41

What's the word? Know the word. Actually,

8:43

I'm going. oh yeah, they were. Yeah,

8:45

networks yeah, so they did. probably. but

8:47

that's not what they ended up with

8:50

on a know it was the Nineteen

8:52

seventies. But true, That. Does

8:54

not accurately represent. The

8:56

population honestly not in a prison

8:59

which is kind of what this

9:01

was meant to simulate and apply

9:03

result though like findings to so

9:06

that's something that was a little.

9:08

Not so great that we'll talk more about later.

9:10

Okay, But

9:13

the official As T website says quote

9:15

on all dimensions that we were able

9:17

to test or. Observe They

9:19

reacted normally. So. This

9:21

just means like by all accounts they

9:23

were like quote unquote, normal, whatever as

9:25

other, no other. They were actually. Normal

9:28

are good at behaving and

9:30

portraying normal. Exactly.

9:34

Phone August Fourteenth: Nineteen Seventy One The

9:37

mock prison was set up with the

9:39

help of a former inmate. This

9:42

man spent seventeen years in

9:44

prison. On at the

9:46

and Clinton Clinton. And he

9:48

helped kind of. He was like they're

9:50

presenting consultant to like. talk about what

9:52

actual prison lists like and I'm not

9:55

gonna share. His name is very widely

9:57

shared and you can find it, but

9:59

he has. That but he like regret being

10:01

a part of this experiment so I'm just not

10:03

going to say his name. It's not important, just

10:05

know. That there was a prison consultant and if

10:08

you really want to find out in google search

10:10

it occurs. In

10:12

the basement of Stamford Psychology building Jordan

10:14

Hall, a thirty five foot section was

10:16

cordoned off. For the experiment for the

10:18

jail. The cells

10:21

were several lab rooms where

10:23

the doors were removed and

10:25

makeshift. Jail doors were put

10:27

on and these were about seven by

10:29

ten feet rooms. And each

10:31

room had three caught inside for

10:34

three prisoners and the costs just

10:36

had a mattress. A seat in a

10:38

pillow? These.

10:40

Cells were unlit and kind

10:42

of just like dry and.

10:44

Drop their white were windows there weren't There

10:47

wasn't really am a lot going on. Over

10:49

the court outside was what the

10:52

prison yard blaze but they were

10:54

only allowed. Out there for yard

10:56

time and to eat. The

10:59

bathroom with outside of that by every

11:01

time they were taken to the bathroom

11:04

at they were blindfolded so that they

11:06

couldn't. Like how to get out of the

11:08

press and because of course this is. I

11:10

have an accident for a man so they

11:12

could get out. There.

11:15

Was also a closet for solitary

11:17

confinement which they called the whole.

11:20

And. This was quote dark and very can

11:22

pie confining. About two feet wide and

11:24

two feet deep, but tall enough that

11:26

a bad prisoner could stand up. Next.

11:30

To this prison was also an area. For

11:33

the guards for a kind of bear like. Rest

11:35

Area This was a more

11:37

well lit, comfortable, Bigger area so

11:39

and. Very. Much a contrast who?

11:42

Were the prisoners would be kept. There

11:45

was a camera facing inside to the

11:48

everything that happened. Could. Be watched

11:50

and they're also in or com in

11:52

the prison cells. That allowed the researchers

11:54

to secretly here what was being said

11:56

inside the cells and to allow them

11:58

to make announcements. On

12:02

top of the lack of windows, they were

12:04

also no clocks so that the prisoners wouldn't

12:06

know what time. Or day It was

12:08

further taking away their autonomy. Yeah,

12:11

that's. A mind

12:14

boggling feeling out. Zimbardo.

12:18

Acted as the Superintendent of the

12:20

Prevent and his undergraduate research assistant,

12:22

David Jaffe became the word in.

12:26

The participants were arbitrarily split into groups

12:28

of his prisoners and guards. By the

12:30

flip of a coin, On.

12:33

August fourteenth them Zimbardo in his

12:35

researchers held in orientation for those

12:37

who they assign. To be guards. The.

12:40

Instructions to the guards included that they were

12:42

to maintain. Law and Order but we're

12:45

to not harm the prisoners physically. Or

12:47

withhold food and drink. But.

12:49

Other than that, they were basically given no

12:51

instruction on how to act as guards because

12:53

they wanted them to make up their own

12:56

set of rules. To. Figure.

12:58

Out how they were. You know? Control.

13:02

The prisoner. They didn't want to

13:04

sway. Them by saying like this, what you can

13:06

do, This is what you can't do They wanted

13:08

to see how they were gonna react when play

13:10

in a position of power. But. They were

13:12

told not to use physical violence. Correct

13:16

Answer: Not withhold food and drink

13:18

Open. To distinguish the

13:20

guards in the prisoners, the guards

13:22

or khaki shirts and pants from

13:24

a local military surplus store and

13:26

they also war mirrored sunglasses so

13:28

that the prisoners could not see

13:30

their emotions. Interesting, however, According

13:33

to Zimbardo quote, mere sunglasses prevented any

13:36

one from seeing their eyes are reading

13:38

their emotions and thus help. Further,

13:40

promote their anonymity. We. Were

13:42

of course setting not only the prisoners, but

13:45

also the guards who found themselves in a

13:47

new powerleap. And roll. The.

13:50

Guards were also instructed to refer to the prisoners.

13:52

By number instead of name, and

13:54

this is intended to diminish the

13:56

prisoners individuality. The

13:59

guards were too. And eight hour shift

14:01

of. Three guards each, and when they

14:03

were off duty, they were encouraged to

14:05

leave the prison. So. In

14:07

contrast the prisoners who had to stay

14:09

there for the entirety of the experiment,

14:11

these guards were allowed to like leave

14:14

live their life outside of their little

14:16

chef middle name. Very different. Yeah, sad

14:18

as I would like that if I

14:21

was picked to be a prisoner. Billie

14:23

Widmer. Seems. A little

14:25

unfair. I. Know and Zimbardo later

14:27

claimed that more people at the start

14:29

of the experiment probably. Before they knew

14:31

about any of the this what was going

14:34

to happen. Wanted to be prisoners? Which I

14:36

know how true that is that I'm now.

14:38

Is it? Like you said, it is not

14:40

really fair and they're kind of like making

14:43

more money in a way cause they're kind

14:45

of working less. Like corollary working

14:47

through the his third. Only.

14:49

There for like eight hours of time.

14:51

Moran. But. Either way, on August

14:53

fifteenth, The experiment officially began.

14:56

There were nine guards and nine

14:59

prisoners and then three. Guards

15:01

and three parties are prisoners that

15:03

were basically like on call in

15:05

case somebody needs to stop and.

15:08

So. The experiment began and the men

15:10

who were assigned the role of

15:12

prisoners were fake arrested by the Palo

15:14

Alto Police Department. So

15:17

the power to Police harm literally were

15:19

and arrested them. Some.

15:21

Of this happening. In front of these people?

15:23

Like. Perrin. Thriller. I

15:26

have Friends. And

15:28

they did not know that this was gonna

15:30

happen. The researchers wanted them to really feel

15:33

like they were. Prisoners.

15:35

And so this was a complete surprise. And of

15:37

course they, I'm sure. Like figured out. That.

15:40

Some what was happening on by

15:42

this was not expected to them

15:44

and a lot of people say

15:46

that this was a breach of

15:48

ethics from the contract that the

15:50

participants signed by a was later

15:53

revealed that the contract basically just

15:55

sides. We agree to

15:57

participate. And we agree that we

15:59

have. Been. Informed of

16:01

what this experiment is about,

16:03

the we don't know what

16:05

they were told and they

16:07

signed it. So technically. Probably

16:10

like you know it, it's the where

16:12

I really a breach yeah but it's

16:14

more like an ethical. Question.

16:17

Yeah I mean I guess if they are

16:19

like really rough with and like he had

16:21

thrown him around and really treating them poorly

16:23

but also I feel like it's kind of

16:25

part. They. Would kind of feel like

16:27

of the experiment to. Lake Yeah, it was.

16:29

kind of. yeah. That's exactly what it was.

16:33

So they were arrested for violating penal

16:35

codes to eleven and for fifty nine

16:37

which are robbery and burglary and they

16:40

were brought to the police department and

16:42

actually booked like actual prisoners. They were

16:44

fingerprinted, their mug shots were taken, and

16:47

they were. Put in holding cells, While.

16:50

They. Were then blindfolded and

16:52

transported. To be prison in

16:55

Jordan Hall. And once they

16:57

were there at they were strip searched. They.

16:59

Were assigned their numbers and they

17:01

were given a uniformed were. Strips.

17:08

This uniform was basically a smock.

17:10

They. Were given no underwear. The smocks

17:13

where l sitting and the intention

17:15

of this was. You. Know Zimbardo

17:17

would say in real prisons they don't

17:19

wear smocks by. This is just another

17:22

way of taking away their individuality and

17:24

kind of like. Got.

17:28

A little heating, then there are there

17:30

any? Yeah! Exactly

17:32

okay. The obvious. I can imitate

17:34

every. Single aspect of a prison. So

17:36

some things. They had the kind of

17:39

do other things to to make that

17:41

same feeling of like. You're.

17:43

No longer the person you are A

17:45

D inmate. Yeah and I get

17:47

that but also feel like it's you're

17:50

not going to get like a thorough

17:52

results. Because. You're not.

17:55

Like. In an actual jail there

17:57

they'll have like a jumpsuit are like.

18:00

The who robbed or whatever and I feel

18:02

like that way more demeaning to put them

18:04

in a. Like. A hospital

18:06

gown. Essentially. Yeah.

18:08

Of an eye on the the controversy about and

18:11

I don't I feel like that's all you're trying

18:13

to. Like. Make them. Feel.

18:16

The smallest they conceal. Yeah.

18:19

They. Were. On their

18:21

uniforms had their prison numbers don't

18:24

online and they also. Bore. A

18:26

chain around one angle. Which.

18:28

Again this is that happen in prison

18:30

know like you know if you're being

18:33

transferred arriving may be but like when

18:35

you just in the present you're not

18:37

chained up but again it with us

18:40

a way for them to simulate. The.

18:43

Prison environment without having

18:45

an actual prison environment.

18:47

My to Zimbardo, Another

18:50

way they did this was to

18:52

put a nylon stockings over their

18:54

heads to simulate. Having their head

18:57

shaved because in most prison. Prisoners

18:59

heads or shaved again to Canada's take away

19:01

their individuality yeah but they work in the

19:03

see their heads which is to sick wilde

19:06

the me. That all the other stuff

19:08

that you'll see the dead but notice

19:10

when I get a date or hello.

19:13

Yeah. By

19:15

that's how they simulated bad and

19:18

the goal of all of this

19:20

was to disorient to depersonalize. And

19:22

the. Individuate the prisoners. Day

19:25

to started at two thirty am when

19:28

the guards woke the prisoners up for

19:30

a count. They. Were a

19:32

woken by whistles and the clanging of

19:34

the times and at this point the

19:36

prisoners kind of already started rebelling but

19:39

more and like a fun way. More.

19:41

And like a like oh we're gonna. Smell

19:43

because this is like a funny experiment.

19:45

Yeah by they started refusing to leave

19:48

their cells to eat in the yard.

19:50

They were. Ripping off their inmate

19:52

number tags and started insulting the

19:54

guards. By.

19:57

The time a new shifted would have. Guards came

19:59

in later that. Morning They were

20:01

visibly frustrated. At the night guards

20:03

who quote they fell must have. Been

20:05

too lenient. So already

20:07

this weird dynamic between the guard

20:10

this happening. So not just against

20:12

prisoner and guard like against the other.

20:14

Guards to him. So

20:34

these new morning guards called in

20:36

three backup guards and in the

20:38

night shift guards also voluntarily stayed

20:41

to help control this riot that

20:43

without breaking. And. This

20:45

is when they kind of started to

20:47

use some methods of physical control. While

20:50

they didn't sick leave hit

20:52

anybody, they started spraying fire

20:55

extinguishers at them. They.

20:57

Removed. They're closed. So that

21:00

bay word naked. See his.

21:03

They also took away their mattresses.

21:06

i'm pillows. And

21:08

they sentenced be a biggest instigators

21:10

of the riot to time in.

21:12

The whole? A solitary confinement

21:14

in that closet. One

21:17

of the biggest physical punishment used throughout

21:20

the experiment was. Forcing prisoners to do

21:22

pushups sometimes with the weight of the

21:24

guards boot on their back. Yes,

21:28

of color teetering on that

21:30

line of like they're not.

21:32

you know, physically, like brushing

21:34

them. Ah, necessarily. But definitely

21:36

pushing the boundaries. Throughout

21:40

the rest of the to, the guards

21:42

also use psychological manipulation to. Control the

21:44

prisoners. They went further the

21:47

next day by separating the quote unquote

21:49

good prisoners who had smaller parts. In

21:51

the rebellion from the a bad prisoners

21:53

that were more of the instigators. Basically.

21:57

What they did was they. Put. The good person.

22:00

There's in one cell. Where they

22:02

were given their clothes, their bags

22:04

of that. And then

22:06

everyone else was. Less.

22:08

Naked not given their mattresses

22:11

and also. Denied. Food

22:13

for which was directly going against

22:15

embargoes rules. Wow and now they're

22:17

causing a divide with the prisoners

22:19

which is gonna make naturally make

22:22

them. Jealous

22:24

of each other and conflict

22:26

A exactly and they made

22:28

this is worse by. Basically.

22:32

Province. Lost my train of

22:34

thought. They made this this divide

22:37

worse by separating them and then

22:39

letting the quote unquote good Prisoners

22:41

or not letting forcing the good

22:43

prisoners to eat their food in

22:46

front of the bad prisoners. Yeah.

22:49

Damn. They was in no

22:51

time to break the rules said

22:53

they know it went real fast

22:55

as invite. Nothing changed in Bardo.

22:57

The research assistants didn't step in,

22:59

didn't. You. Know

23:01

say he hayes me can't do that.

23:04

That's against the rules and the experiment

23:06

continued. On. A sales like saying

23:08

that mean they probably knew that was gonna happen

23:10

and there are. Yeah, maybe even

23:12

encouraging in a little bit by bringing

23:14

up spoon and we may that tuck

23:17

little bit more about that has has.

23:21

Another thing that guards did was restrict

23:23

access to bathrooms and forced the prisoners

23:25

to relieve themselves in a bucket in

23:27

their cells and then not empty that

23:29

bucket so that it would start to

23:31

overflow. On.

23:35

Day Three: August seventeenth The first

23:37

Prisoner or less The Experiment. Douglas.

23:40

Corby, who was identified as prisoner

23:43

Eight Six One to began to

23:45

kind of have a mental breakdown.

23:47

After thirty six hours in

23:49

jail and. From.

23:52

The As T web site quote when

23:54

our primary prison consultant interviewed prisoner number

23:57

six Eight six one to the consultant

23:59

chided him. Being so weak,

24:01

And. Told him what kind of abuse.

24:03

He could expect from the guards. And the

24:06

prisoners if he were in San Quentin. Which.

24:08

Is an actual printing? A Didn't know. Number

24:11

Eight Six One, who was then given

24:13

the offer of becoming an informant in

24:15

exchange for further. For. No further

24:18

guard harassment. He. Was told

24:20

the think it over. During. The

24:22

next count he told other prisoners. You

24:24

can't leave. You can't quit. That's.

24:26

Have a chilling message and heighten their

24:29

sense of really being imprisoned. Number Eight

24:31

Six One to then began to act

24:33

crazy, to scream, to curse, to go

24:35

into a rage. That seemed out of

24:37

control. It took quite a

24:39

while before we became convinced that he was really

24:42

suffering and that we had to release and. Let's.

24:45

Go at least. Yeah

24:47

they he was basically like getting to

24:49

point where he was yelling things like

24:51

Jesus Christ and burning up inside and

24:54

I can't stand another night. I just.

24:56

Can't take it anymore. And

24:58

at first they thought that he was

25:00

just doing. This is how to get

25:03

out of it. But as he kept

25:05

going they realised maybe we should let

25:07

him go. So Research Assistant Craig Hani

25:09

finally decided to release Scorpio. A

25:12

So interesting that seems. I mean.

25:15

It seems her clicking the experiments. I wonder

25:17

if he dislike. Maybe. Was

25:19

one of the ones that got by

25:21

when he already had like maybe some

25:23

emotional or. Mental. Health Sep might

25:25

have. On the so, he

25:28

actually spoke out And twenty seventeen. About

25:30

his experience. And in this interview

25:33

he claimed that that break down with

25:35

fake he said that he needed to

25:37

get back to studying for his graduate

25:39

record exam has gree and he claimed

25:42

that he initially believed he'd be able

25:44

to study while like participating in this

25:46

experiment but that the guards didn't allow

25:48

him to study and he needed to

25:51

get out. So he faked the breakdown

25:53

so. He would be released. Away

25:55

Well now. In.

25:58

Yeah. After they

26:00

heard and Fargo came out and said

26:02

he believes what Corby said and twenty

26:05

seventeen was a lie because he claimed

26:07

that in Nineteen Ninety Two in a

26:09

documentary. About the city called Quiet Rage.

26:12

Kirby said that the As he had

26:14

deeply affected him and that the experience

26:16

itself had led. Him to become a

26:18

prison psychologists. But like

26:20

a could have deeply affected him and

26:22

he still could have faith that breakdown,

26:24

yeah, like just being in the experiment.

26:27

Pushed. Them to that career path.

26:29

Yeah, Yeah. So

26:31

now it's unclear exactly what. I don't know

26:34

what I'm worried. nine. Yes,

26:36

either way, he was released and the

26:38

experiment continued on. I day

26:41

for the prisoners. Really started to realize that

26:43

the guards were continuing to separate them into

26:45

these good and bad groups and this was

26:47

when they kind of started turning against each

26:49

other which is like what you had mentioned

26:51

way. They. Then

26:54

started mixing them back up and

26:56

the bad prisoners. Started believing

26:58

that the good. Prisoners were

27:00

snitches and vice versa. The.

27:03

Good prisoners saw the rioters. I'm you

27:06

know the bad prisoners as a threat

27:08

because they disrupted. The Status quo. The

27:10

prison. From

27:13

the As the web site quote, The prisoners

27:15

Rebellion also played an important role in. Producing

27:17

greater solidarity among the guards.

27:20

Now. Suddenly it was no longer just

27:22

an experiment, no longer. A simple simulation.

27:24

Instead, the guard saw the prisoners

27:27

as troublemakers who. Are out to get

27:29

them Who might really caused them some harm?

27:31

In. Response to this threat, the guards

27:33

began stepping up their. Control surveillance

27:36

and aggression. Several.

27:39

Bodies is gonna keep. Escalating,

27:41

escalating, escalation scully. Exactly.

27:45

No bueno. Another

27:47

prisoner whose name has never been released,

27:49

just his fake inmate number prisoner number

27:52

eight One Nine was. Actually released on

27:54

day for. L

27:56

This prisoner was starting to show symptoms

27:58

of distress. They.

28:00

Had actually brought a priest in a

28:02

real priests to speak to the prisoners

28:05

as if that was like. An

28:07

actual pregnant pay. a listener eight,

28:09

one nine declined to speak to

28:11

the. Priest and ask for a medical

28:13

doctor saying that he needed medical attention.

28:17

Zimbardo. Decided to move him to another

28:19

room to rest but he could hear what

28:21

the guards were doing with the other prisoners

28:23

which was forcing them to to chant prisoner

28:26

Eight One Nine is a bad prisoner Know

28:28

how The last night I did my cell

28:30

as a mass. Oh my

28:33

guys. And they were forcing

28:35

them to repeat this over and over

28:37

and over. And when Zimbardo went into

28:39

that room to check on Prisoner Eight

28:41

One nine, he was sobbing uncontrollably. According

28:43

the Zimbardo. And Zimbardo

28:45

said quote, I suggest we. Leave but

28:47

he refused through his. Tears He

28:49

said he could not leave because others have

28:51

labeled him a bad prisoner. Even.

28:54

Though he was feeling sick, he wanted to

28:56

go back and prove he was not a

28:58

bad prisoner at that point. I said listen,

29:00

you not number eight, One nine you are

29:02

his name. And. My name is Doctor

29:04

Zimbardo. I'm a psychologist, not a prison

29:07

superintendent and this is not a real

29:09

prevent. This is just an experiment And

29:11

those are students, not prisoners. Just like.

29:13

You. Zimbardo.

29:15

Said He then stopped crying and quote looked

29:17

up at me like a small child awakening.

29:19

From a night where and replied

29:21

okay, let's go. While.

29:24

So he had like a mental break. And.

29:27

Have such as reality completely. Who's

29:31

an hour and a day size?

29:33

which was visitation day. For

29:36

this, each prisoner was allowed to visitors that could

29:38

visit for ten minutes while being. Supervised by

29:40

guard. Now

29:42

the guards and Zimbardo. Walls

29:45

and Bardo was afraid that. These.

29:47

Visitors would come in and see what was happening

29:50

and like. Caused. An

29:52

uproar. My so to prevent this

29:54

day basically manipulated it to look

29:56

like the prisoners were. In better

29:58

states and they were. They. Groomed

30:00

and shave them. They forced the credit

30:02

prisoners to clean their cells and they

30:05

said them a good meal, pumped music

30:07

in throughout the prison, and basically tried

30:09

to lift. Everybody spirit. But.

30:12

When the visitors did see than

30:14

many became concerned. Most.

30:17

Of these visitors were parents and some

30:19

left with concerns. About their sons while

30:21

being. If they were eating enough. And

30:24

planning to contact the lawyers

30:26

to get their children quote

30:28

unquote released while. Her.

30:31

Hate. Day. Five

30:33

also saw escalating abuse by the guards.

30:35

Because they were starting to use more

30:38

physical violence against the prisoners, they were

30:40

forcing them to wear bags over their

30:42

heads and they also started assaulting them

30:45

with their baton for in the will

30:47

her for. Like

30:49

this is an experiment late. What

30:51

Are you doing? And that. This

30:53

is exactly what Zimbardo was

30:56

hoping for that. They

30:58

kind of got to this

31:00

point where. They.

31:04

Were. Really like embracing their roles

31:06

even though it. Was just an

31:08

experiment. Yeah. They

31:11

were continuing to deny the prisoners

31:13

access to bathrooms, food, and water.

31:16

But Zimbardo wasn't stopping any of it.

31:20

On the night of August nineteenth which

31:22

was day five, Christina Mas lots a

31:24

social. Psychologists who is a professor

31:27

at Berkley visited the prison

31:29

and she was appalled at

31:31

what she saw. She.

31:33

Quote: challenge them Bardo about his lack

31:35

of carrying oversight in the immorality of

31:37

the study. She also expressed to him

31:40

how his role of Superintendent had turned

31:42

him in a something she did not

31:44

recognize. and she challenged him about the

31:47

ethical implications. Of the experiment. Wow.

31:49

And. We will talk about Zimbardo

31:51

and his role in the soup as

31:54

superintendent. In a little that so's. taking

31:56

effect on him as low as.

31:58

It really was. We're.

32:02

By Christina coming in and.

32:05

Saying. This is embargo. It is

32:07

in large part why Zimbardo. Decided to

32:09

end the Stanford prison experiment the

32:12

next day. Oh guy.

32:14

He was also getting increasing concerns

32:16

from parents from participants and. He

32:18

started to worry about the behavior of the

32:20

guards. And.

32:22

So he on day six,

32:24

gathered all the participants. And

32:27

researchers and told them that the

32:29

experiment was over. He

32:32

paid them for their time and began debriefing

32:34

with them. and they eat spoke with some

32:36

bardo and then they also spoke as a

32:38

group about the experiment. And. Then

32:40

they were asked to complete. A per person.

32:42

Or retrospective and mail it in and

32:45

then a week after the experiment, they.

32:47

Reconvene to share their thoughts

32:49

again. It's so

32:52

so with that phrase see,

32:54

sorry that. He says

32:56

gonna really C c full back into

32:58

the wild. I

33:00

know. Like

33:03

I remember like ever learning about this in school

33:05

that I don't remember the detail that is member

33:07

like. Seek. The extreme nature

33:09

of like. The context of same but

33:11

I couldn't remember. like all the details I don't

33:13

really remember what happens by do kind of feel

33:16

like some yells at. It

33:19

kind of know it's know is

33:21

is like the implications of air

33:23

and. Like of really what went

33:25

wrong and I. Yeah it may

33:27

be. Shouldn't come to the conclusion that it

33:29

came to on his Ivan the same like

33:32

before I did all this research. I remember

33:34

learning about it and school but I haven't

33:36

taken like. Of Basic psychology course and

33:38

small. Sophomore. You think

33:40

year of. High School now and

33:42

so it's been a long time since I

33:45

like actually learned about this. And I do.

33:47

Remember like you said like be

33:49

extreme nature of. It yet by and

33:51

I remember her my. Sophomore.

33:54

Psychology teacher who was. Awesome

33:56

by the way. And. Like. Got me interested in

33:58

psychology. Shoutout to Mr. Wheel. There And he

34:00

was supposed to be. My officiate at my

34:02

wedding but got Kobe. Before and the

34:05

name of his arm yeah but

34:07

I remember han that talking about

34:09

this experiment and kind of being

34:11

like. It's you

34:13

know? Not. All laid siege

34:15

to be the end up. By.

34:18

This experiment that was supposed to last

34:21

up to two weeks ended up being

34:23

shut down after six days. So.

34:26

With that, let's talk about what. Came.

34:28

From the experiment. Or

34:30

first discuss Barrios interpretation of the

34:33

results. and then we'll go through

34:35

what has been done in the

34:37

subsequent years and the ethical concerns.

34:40

So. First of all, Zimbardo

34:42

admit that he got into

34:45

the role of superintendent. And.

34:48

He said that he really saw

34:50

this when he heard about an

34:52

escape plan that was hatched. neither

34:54

prisoner. Oh no. So

34:57

I'm gonna read this part directly from

34:59

the S P website because I think

35:01

it's interesting to hear it from Zimbardo

35:03

perspective. So just sick with me, it's

35:05

like a little bit lot of of

35:07

a quote, but I think it's really

35:09

interesting to hear it from what he

35:11

said about it. And not.

35:14

Like. Just. Me: put it paraphrasing

35:16

it away. So.

35:19

He said. The. Next major

35:21

of we had to contend. Was with

35:23

was a rumored mass scale

35:25

pot. One of the guards

35:27

overheard the prisoners talking about an escape

35:29

that would take place immediately after visiting

35:32

hours. The. Rumor were as follows:

35:34

Prisoner. Number Eight Six One, to whom we

35:36

had released the night before was going around

35:38

up a bunch of his friends and break

35:40

in to. Free. The prisoners. How.

35:42

Do you think we reacted to this

35:44

rumor? Do think we recorded the pattern

35:46

of rumor transmission and prepared to observe

35:49

the impending escape. That. Was what

35:51

we should have done. Of course if

35:53

we were acting like experimental social psychologists

35:55

already in his like reflection of this,

35:57

he's like separated. That was. Where I

35:59

realize. Yeah. And.

36:02

Instead, we reacted with concern over the

36:04

security of our prison. What we did

36:07

was to hold a strategy strategy session

36:09

with the word in the superintendent and

36:11

one of our chief lieutenants which was

36:13

another one of the research assistant. To

36:16

plan how to foil. The Escape. After

36:19

meeting, we decided to put an informer in

36:21

the cell that number Eight Six One to

36:23

had occupied. So. This was one of

36:25

those extra prisoners. as her to censor

36:27

weren't brought in originally from. The.

36:30

Job of our informant would be to give

36:32

us information about the escape pod. Then I

36:34

went back to the Palo Alto Police Department

36:36

and asked the sergeant if we could have

36:39

our prisoners transferred to their old jail cell.

36:42

My request was turned down because

36:44

the police department would not be

36:46

covered by insurance if we moved

36:48

our prisoners into their jail. Yeah,

36:50

I left angry and disgusted at

36:52

this lack of cooperation between our

36:54

correctional facilities. I. Was now

36:56

totally into my role. Level.

37:00

Just taking a break here isn't

37:02

that crazy. Know how see a

37:04

little literally that way. Yeah, he

37:07

went to the police departments or

37:09

see himself was getting into their

37:11

so that's crazy. This is like.

37:15

Six days. Were

37:18

not like thirty days and are you

37:20

know I sit not even six days

37:22

because he went before the experiment with

37:24

over at six days so three four

37:26

days and as a as was like

37:29

anybody a lot lose it on Marvel's.

37:32

Yeah, and you're citations for psychologists.

37:35

Researcher: To all of the above, Wow!

37:38

All the above. So basically after

37:40

their state farm it's that he

37:42

said they formulated another plan to

37:45

dismantle the jail jail. Chain.

37:47

The prisoners together put bags over

37:49

their heads and transport them to

37:51

another storage. Room in the Psychology building.

37:54

So. He was full

37:56

on planning. This other thing where they were

37:59

gonna. Bring all the prisoner. The up but before

38:01

he could. He. Was he said

38:03

quote? I was sitting there all

38:05

alone waiting anxiously for the intruder

38:07

spray can when who should happen

38:09

along. But a colleague and former

38:12

Yale graduate student roommate Gordon Bauer.

38:14

Now remember this is in the

38:16

basement of the Psychology building where

38:18

all these other hit professors' offices

38:20

are. Yeah, and it's summertime for

38:22

they're not there, but they feel

38:24

like. Killing. Autumn in the

38:26

building A Seattle Gordon Bauer came

38:28

and was like. Hey, what's

38:30

going on with you And do. My.

38:33

And slowly or no arms embargo said.

38:36

I briefly describe what we were up

38:38

to and Gordon ask me a very

38:40

simple question. Say. What's the

38:42

independent variable in this study? To.

38:44

My surprise, I. Got really angry at

38:46

him. Here I had a

38:48

prison break on my hands as the

38:51

security of my man and the stability

38:53

by prison was at stake. And now

38:55

I had to deal with this bleeding

38:57

hearts academic ding dong who was concerned

38:59

about the independent variable. It wasn't

39:01

until much later that I realize how far

39:03

into my prison role I was at that

39:06

point that I was thinking like a prison

39:08

superintendent. Rather than a research

39:10

psychologist. He was wrapped up in

39:12

the delusion. He was like, yeah, like

39:14

a burrito and that mother. Yeah.

39:17

So. This was another thing

39:20

I think when his colleague came.

39:23

It. Though, he brought him back to reality.

39:25

Yeah. And kind of snapped amount of and and

39:27

christina came in there were more. Concerned that was

39:29

kind of all what led up to him

39:31

and he me experiment. So

39:35

Zimbardo conclusions at the end of

39:37

the experiment where that the prisoners

39:40

were disintegrate. It. Disintegrated.

39:42

Both as a. Group and as individuals,

39:45

They. Were no longer any group of unity.

39:48

Just. A bunch of isolated individuals

39:50

hanging on, much like prisoners of

39:53

war or hospitalized mental patient. The

39:56

guards, in contrast, had one coat total

39:58

control of the prayer. Then and they

40:01

commanded be blind obedience of. Each

40:03

prisoner. Zimbardo.

40:06

Noted how the guards had.

40:08

Very little instruction, yet they began

40:10

humiliating and abusing the prisoners like.

40:13

Real prison guards. Meanwhile

40:15

the prisoners. While.

40:17

They were not actual prisoners, were

40:19

submissive and took the abuse with

40:22

little protest, fully embracing their role.

40:24

Of a prisoner. Like. They

40:26

saw right into like the stereotypes of

40:28

both of those things. Like. Without

40:30

have big event which is wild. Yeah,

40:34

it is By his

40:36

largest conclusion is that

40:38

the prison controlled the

40:40

individuals behavior. He. Said social

40:43

situations hold a significant amount of

40:45

power over how individuals will act

40:47

in those situations. He

40:49

posited that good people can turn

40:51

evil if the environment as rain.

40:54

He. Said quote Good people. Can

40:56

be transformed into perpetrators of

40:58

evil and healthy people can

41:01

begin to experience pathological reactions

41:03

traceable to situational. Forces.

41:06

I. Agree from simple psychology Quote:

41:08

The results of the Stanford Prison

41:10

Experiment showed that situational factors and

41:12

power dynamics played a significant role

41:15

in shaping participants behavior. The. Guards

41:17

became abusive an authoritarian while the

41:19

prisoners became submissive. And emotionally

41:22

distressed. However,

41:25

This conclusion has been or widely.

41:27

Criticized for being over

41:29

generalized. This.

41:31

Is because while yes, the

41:34

environment and the situation can

41:36

influence savior that is not

41:39

the only thing and not

41:41

basically the. Biggest issue here to

41:44

put it and zebra layman's terms

41:46

is that Zimbardo said any good person

41:48

can turn evil is put know right

41:50

situation. And critics of

41:52

this say. Lol. Now that's

41:55

not. Necessarily trip. While it

41:57

may says yes situations My.

42:00

In have to you. Not

42:02

every single good person can be turned

42:04

evil just by a situation. That.

42:07

Is a very like a eye on our allies. A high level.

42:10

It right place of it. Now

42:13

we're going to dive into some of the

42:15

criticisms of the Stanford Prison Experiment and why

42:17

the conclusions? Drawn by Zimbardo may not

42:19

be as accurate as once believed. Now

42:23

first of all, a very important

42:25

part of scientific experiment experimentation is

42:27

producing the same results. By.

42:30

Experiments. After.

42:32

My original one. And

42:35

says he is practically impossible.

42:37

Reproduce. In

42:40

two thousand and two to psychologists conducted

42:42

what came to be known as the

42:45

Bbc Present Study To quote examined Zimbardo

42:47

the themes of tyranny and resist and.

42:51

So. This is similar to the S

42:53

P in many ways by they're worse

42:55

than differences including that there was a

42:57

lot closer recording of the participants during

43:00

the experiment and it was originally advertised

43:02

as a university backed social science experiment

43:04

to be shown on Tv and a.

43:07

Reality. Show. There.

43:09

Are also differences during the actual

43:11

experiment, including that prisoners were. Told

43:13

that they could be promoted to guards

43:15

leading. To more individual evasion and

43:18

less group identifications as well

43:20

as less resistance and site

43:22

back. The.

43:24

Findings of the Bbc Prison Study were

43:26

that individual trades have more enough of

43:28

an effect on behavior at them. The

43:31

environment does. This. Study questions

43:33

the notion that people flip mindlessly

43:35

into their roles. As was concluded,

43:37

By the S P. So.

43:43

To two parts of this one part is that

43:45

it is. Pretty. Much impossible to

43:47

replicate and get the same. Results Therefore,

43:49

a lot of people say.

43:52

I just hit my my son sorry but

43:54

a lot of people say it like not

43:56

a proper scientific study and another part of

43:58

it is that. When a similar

44:01

thing was replicated there were different result

44:03

but there are also different instruction so

44:05

designed. Game. Shows.

44:07

You that area and it also kind

44:09

of shows you like. How.

44:11

The. Experiment. What

44:13

is said about it can impact.

44:16

Yeah, what is done? It

44:34

also been a lot of discussion. About the methodology

44:37

of the study itself. So. Of

44:39

course we talked about how the sample

44:42

was not buried diverse at all. Those

44:45

arguments that selection bias may have

44:48

played a role. Selection bias is

44:50

the bias introduced by the selection

44:52

of individuals, groups, or data for

44:54

analysis in such a way that

44:56

proper randomization it's not achieved thereby

44:59

ceiling to ensure the sample that

45:01

the sample obtained is representative of

45:03

the population intended. To be analyzed. So.

45:06

Some are you that. In

45:09

As He Beat has the ad

45:11

described the need for a psychological

45:13

the need for participants in a

45:15

psychological study of prison life. It

45:17

may have influenced the people who

45:19

applies because people are seen as

45:21

and say oh of prison like

45:24

that's interesting and may be. People.

45:27

Who are applying are

45:29

more likely to kind

45:31

of be. On.

45:34

What? Sort of money for like kind of the

45:37

not like social dominance. Like:

45:39

less likely to actually be arrested

45:41

and sent to prison. For oh. Yeah.

45:44

I thought I was gonna say

45:47

as like someone who might be

45:49

you know either former criminal or

45:51

active criminal or you know in

45:53

that realm whether be like a

45:55

certainly no family, friends, whatever like

45:57

they'd or got, they're not gonna

45:59

one applied. Gonna stay away from now

46:01

because it's that's scary to them that they

46:03

know what happens, you know? Yes! And someone

46:05

else who's never experience it is gonna be

46:07

like know that sounds interesting than a human

46:10

chain. Yeah, that's very

46:12

good. Point. In

46:15

two thousand and seven to psychologists

46:17

tested exactly that. So. Thomas

46:20

Carnahan and Sam Mcfarland questioned

46:22

whether. That. The use of

46:24

the words prison. Life in the ad

46:26

influenced who applied, so they created

46:28

a study where they recreated that

46:31

original ad and then also created

46:33

a second ad omitting the phrase

46:35

prison Life. Ah, they smile. They

46:38

found quote that the people who responded to

46:40

the to add scored differently on a set

46:42

of psychological task. Those. Who

46:44

thought that they would be

46:47

participating in a prison study?

46:49

Had significantly higher levels of

46:51

aggressiveness, authoritarianism, narcissism, and social

46:53

dominance. And. They scored lower on

46:55

measures of empathy and all through his i'm.

46:59

As I get for prison experiment know

47:02

And so that's why a lot of

47:04

people say that you know Zimbardo Experiment.

47:07

Wasn't. Really? Did you know then? hum

47:09

yeah and they're it's You know there's

47:11

no good way to test this and

47:13

get a proper sample. It's just not

47:15

something on religious done as. Yeah.

47:18

It has also been noted that Zimbardo

47:20

research assistant David Jaffe, the one who

47:23

was be ordained reportedly can be heard.

47:25

Encouraging guards to use more force

47:27

or to be stronger when he

47:29

thought they were being too lenient.

47:32

So. These influencing them after they were

47:34

told not to do that. Exactly.

47:38

They. Also, as we mentioned, didn't stop

47:41

or chastise the guards. for exert

47:43

exerting physical abuse which was supposed to

47:45

be apparent as. In

47:48

Twenty Teens and Bardo said about this

47:50

quote, the Sb was designed as a

47:52

mock prison simulating some of the main

47:55

features that characterized the American prison system

47:57

at that time. central in the training

47:59

of guard the to exercise their power

48:01

over the prisoners to that they maintain

48:04

order, prevented rebellion and eliminated escape attempt.

48:06

My. Instruction to the guards as documented

48:09

by recording. Of the Guard

48:11

orientation. Or that they could not hit prisoners.

48:13

But could create feelings of boredom. Frustration,

48:15

fear, and a sense of powerlessness.

48:18

We. Did not give any formal or detail

48:21

the instructions about how to be an

48:23

effective guard. So

48:25

he's basically saying like were doing less

48:27

than what's actually happening in prison. This

48:29

is what's actually happening in prison but

48:31

we didn't tell them to do that

48:33

which is fine. But then you can't

48:35

come to conclusions about the guards and

48:37

say they came to this be situation

48:39

like it could have been many. Factors:

48:42

Oh yeah for sir. And.

48:45

Again, the use of force was never

48:47

stopped. right? So

48:49

you're basically selling them. That meant

48:52

nothing. It was a sake threat.

48:54

Exactly. Now. One of the

48:56

participants who played a guard a man

48:58

named David as so would later recall

49:00

that he quote consciously. Created his

49:03

guard persona, So.

49:05

He said I was in all kinds of drama

49:07

productions in high school, in college, it was something

49:09

I was barely very familiar with to take on

49:11

another personality before you step out on the stage.

49:14

I was kind of running my own experiment in

49:16

there by saying how far can I push these

49:18

things and how much abuse. Will these people take

49:20

before they say knock it off. So.

49:23

He bases he came out and

49:25

said hey I was pushing than

49:27

the murder and again this is

49:29

proving that like. He was aware of

49:31

what he was doing. He was doing this because

49:33

he knew he was in a prison experiment. Not.

49:36

Be. Can get away with it like yeah said

49:38

because he. Knew it was an experiment. Not to

49:40

the thought it was that and actual prison. That.

49:43

Is like so scary though because thing is like.

49:45

All. The experiment experiments they had

49:48

been conducted in the name

49:50

of science that are probably

49:52

worse than this. they're definitely

49:54

probably are some. and last

49:56

night lay there are so

49:58

many requirements and. That means

50:00

need to be properly recreated the same

50:02

results. Need that com until right? For

50:05

you make a proper conclusion. Yeah.

50:08

But Eshelman was nicknamed John Wayne

50:10

by his fellow guard for his

50:12

southern accent and. His use of

50:15

extreme cruelty. To. He

50:17

was the most brutal of the guards and

50:19

he became a natural leader among them. After

50:23

Zimbardo came out with these comments,

50:25

he claimed or sorry after Essam

50:27

and came out with these comments.

50:29

Zimbardo claimed that his actions went

50:31

beyond the role of acting and

50:33

that he and the other guards

50:35

an experiment showed signs of actually

50:37

conforming to their roles. So he

50:39

basically claims like this couldn't have

50:41

just an act. That.

50:44

Was hit us file Aslan. Yeah.

50:46

Oh yeah, yeah, Oh yeah. I'm

50:48

sure he was enjoying at that

50:50

to some degree. Yeah, Archer. Who's.

50:54

And then there's the class of. Demand

50:56

characteristics. So. From the

50:58

American Psychological Association The man

51:00

characteristics in an experiment. A

51:03

research product project. Are cues

51:05

that may influence up or bias

51:07

participants behavior? This essentially saying that

51:09

if a participant is aware of

51:11

what a researcher trying to investigate

51:14

or anticipates finding from an experiment,

51:16

they will act differently to sway

51:18

the result. Even. If they don't realize

51:20

it. Yet. So.

51:23

This is kind of what I was just saying where it's

51:25

like. You know? Yes, the situation

51:27

might have influenced them, but the situation.

51:29

Wasn't that it was a prison, It was that

51:31

it was an experiment. Yeah,

51:33

they were controlling a lot of

51:36

things. it may be Cinnabon control

51:38

maybe said have been controlling more

51:40

things that weren't to tell ya

51:42

and then just in general buying

51:44

knowing that you're coming into a

51:46

prison experiment. Of course the prisoners

51:48

are gonna act more like prisoners

51:50

and. The guards and act more

51:52

like cards. In

51:57

Nineteen Seventy Five to psychologists

51:59

argued that. Behavior of the participants

52:01

in the S P it was a

52:03

dozen of was a result of the

52:05

man characteristics and not a prison and

52:07

buyer environment that there is no single

52:09

definition of prisoner behavior and that participants

52:11

were simply acting in the role in

52:13

which they had been cast. Then

52:17

in twenty. Twelve. Peter.

52:20

Gray who is a psychologist, a

52:22

researcher and scholar and who has

52:24

written many. Psychology. Text

52:27

books that are used in

52:29

courses all over the country.

52:32

Criticised: S P. For

52:34

again, demand characteristics. He

52:38

said that participants were influenced

52:40

by. He said the participants

52:42

were influenced by the behavior

52:44

of the researchers. And

52:46

that they acted out there

52:48

stereotyped views of what prisoners

52:50

and guard still. He.

52:53

Out. So again,

52:55

it's not saying that, Zimbardo. Conclusions

52:58

are. Wrong. It's

53:00

just that. This around

53:03

for when they were influenced and so

53:05

you finally say. That it's just the

53:07

the situation because the situation as

53:09

an experiment and demand characteristics played

53:11

a part in that. Yeah.

53:15

So. Gray has written several. Psychology text

53:17

books but does not include Zimbardo

53:19

Experiment. And any of them. As in

53:21

an article he wrote for Psychology Today,

53:23

he sums up why this experiment has

53:25

flied. He. Says quote

53:28

in this game. What are these

53:30

young men supposed to do? Are they supposed

53:32

to sit around and talk pleasantly with one

53:34

another about sports, girlfriends, movies, and such? Know

53:36

of course not. This is a study of

53:39

prisoners and guards, so their job clearly. Is

53:41

to act like prisoners and guard. Or.

53:43

More accurately, to act out their

53:45

stereotyped views of what prisoners and

53:47

guards deal. He

53:51

also went on to say what would have happened. If

53:53

Zimbardo had said to the guards at the outset

53:55

that the purpose of the. Experiment was to prove

53:57

that this is the it is possible. To be

53:59

both of. Hard and a decent human being.

54:02

Or. In some way implied that the goal

54:04

was to prove that guards can be kind. I

54:06

bet the results would have been entirely different.

54:08

the situation would have been the same, but

54:10

the man would have been different. and the.

54:12

Results would have been different. He.

54:15

Is. Completely different. So.

54:18

I just think in my opinion, that sums

54:20

it up perfectly. Be has yeah, no, it's

54:22

not saying that he likes. It's

54:24

just the nature of the experiment that it

54:26

my it wasn't going to work. Yeah.

54:29

He wasn't entirely wrong, but everything

54:31

he did was just insolence, so

54:33

heavily so exam not coming to

54:35

a good conclusion that can actually.

54:37

Be polite used. Yeah.

54:40

Exactly. Exactly. Exactly.

54:46

Exactly. Yeah. There

54:49

have been other. Researchers who criticized all

54:52

of this on one is German

54:54

American psychologist Erich Fromm, who argued

54:56

that the Sp is not an

54:58

example of good people turning evil,

55:00

but rather as an example of

55:02

how a situation cannot influence the

55:04

person's behavior. In twenty

55:06

eighteen French researcher and I'm going.

55:08

To push her this I tried to look up how

55:11

to say his name and I just can't. T

55:14

Ball. Late. Test says.

55:17

Something. Like that. I'm shirt

55:19

so wrong. But he wrote a book

55:21

called the History of a Lie. Which

55:23

again, I'm not gonna try to

55:25

pronounce threat. Friends or is it version

55:28

of it but he believes the be submission

55:30

of the prisoners and the sadistic an abusive

55:32

behavior of the guards in the Sb was

55:34

directly. Caused by some borrows instruction.

55:38

It should be noted that his. American

55:41

Psychology, so seat so sees

55:43

an article published, and Twenty

55:45

Nineteen has also been criticized

55:47

by Zimbardo and others for

55:49

focusing solely. On. A

55:52

tax at the result and ignoring

55:54

available data that contradicts is counter

55:56

argument. Finally,

56:00

There are concerns about the as a calorie.

56:02

Of this experiment. The.

56:04

Behavior of the guards was dangerous and

56:07

well, no serious physical harm was caused.

56:09

It could have been. And.

56:11

On top of that, the potential psychological.

56:13

Damage is a measurable. One.

56:17

Of the biggest ethical concerns with they

56:20

even when participants express. Their desire

56:22

to withdraw from the experiment. The.

56:24

Experiment continued on. Now

56:27

they were told at the start that they had the

56:29

right to leave at any time. But.

56:31

Once experiment actually started. They.

56:34

Weren't allowed and really, Yeah,

56:36

under extreme circumstances it seems. Yeah.

56:39

And it was later said that

56:41

in the contract there was a

56:43

very specific phrase that they had

56:45

to say to get out of

56:48

the experiments and it was side

56:50

didn't write it down. And I

56:52

can't member exactly what it was, but

56:54

nobody said that actual phrase, so that's

56:56

kind of why they didn't let them

56:58

go and got past that like. Ethical

57:01

Contracted only. I wanna go.

57:04

So like, okay now it is

57:07

worth noting that this experiment took

57:09

place in Nineteen Seventy One, and

57:11

since then, the guidelines for ethics

57:13

in experiments involving. Human subjects

57:15

have become significantly stricter.

57:18

Yeah, and this experiment itself will

57:21

lead to new ethical guidelines. To.

57:24

Be established and this includes

57:26

that Human Studies must now

57:28

be reviewed by a board

57:31

and found to be in

57:33

accordance with ethical guidelines. Before.

57:36

They can take place. That's

57:39

great. I'm glad that that came from

57:41

the at least yeah. Philip

57:45

Zimbardo has stood strong in his

57:47

belief that. In that

57:49

his in his belief in his

57:51

study and it's result. He

57:54

has participated in several court cases

57:56

to discuss the use of force

57:58

in prison. This included

58:00

assisting the defense in the I Will

58:02

Drive. Iraqi prison abuse

58:04

case. So. In March, two

58:07

thousand and four information about prisoner

58:09

torture and abuse at the Abu

58:11

Ghraib prison in Iraq was publicized,

58:13

and when Zimbardo heard about what

58:15

happened, he was intrigued by the

58:17

similarities. Between what was happening and his

58:19

own experiment. Though

58:21

he said he was disappointed

58:23

that quote officially milk official

58:25

military and government representative shifted

58:28

the blame for the torture

58:30

and abuses in this American

58:32

military prison on to a

58:34

few bad apples rather than

58:36

acknowledging a possibly systemic problems

58:38

of a formally established military

58:40

incarceration system. So he's basically

58:42

saying, hey, they said that

58:44

it's just a few bad

58:46

apples and that's why this

58:48

abuse is going on. But

58:50

could it. Really be the environment

58:52

which is a fair. Conclusion:

58:54

I got I said van

58:57

you have were his experiment

58:59

can't be like used to

59:01

prove that we just like

59:03

apples and oranges here. For

59:05

a I you're comparing this

59:07

highly controlled experiment with like

59:09

real life traumatic. Water.

59:12

As is exactly so not comparable.

59:15

Cyber Yeah. But he did go

59:17

on to help the defense team

59:19

representing one of the prison guards

59:21

testifying as an expert witness to

59:23

share the results of this study

59:25

and claim that it isn't just

59:27

people, it's their environment. I.

59:30

Don't know what this says about him and

59:32

his ability as an expert witness, but. The

59:34

guard was sentenced to eight years in prison.

59:38

Oh. That's why I mean that's probably for

59:40

the bus because. He

59:42

was doing abuse of things. I mean, No

59:45

matter what, Nevada. What years

59:47

circumstances are even if you are in

59:49

a war. Prison. Like.

59:52

You. Said go that far

59:54

and that is exactly.

59:56

The issue with this experiment

59:58

is bad. Yeah, it might

1:00:01

be the system and the situation that

1:00:03

you're in, but. Also the

1:00:05

individual. And we've said this

1:00:07

a million times with so many cases. but

1:00:09

it's like nature and nurture. A. Theory broken

1:00:11

my era. And not let

1:00:14

the issue a lot of people have with

1:00:16

his experiment is that the findings. Might be

1:00:18

accurate, but they're not the only thing

1:00:20

that causes people to have my eight

1:00:22

years. It's not mutually exclusive

1:00:25

to things can be. Truth.

1:00:29

Exactly. Today,

1:00:32

Philip Zimbardo is ninety one years old,

1:00:34

and he still stands by his study.

1:00:37

Like. A have ninety one. Wow. Know

1:00:41

they can see half. In

1:00:44

my opinion, the biggest take away here is

1:00:46

that we can't make a conclusion based on

1:00:48

the Stanford Prison Experiment. It's. An

1:00:50

interesting study that a lot of interesting

1:00:52

discussion about it and maybe some of

1:00:55

the results and the findings are valid.

1:00:57

But there's also a lot of other factors that can

1:00:59

play into it. Yeah. But

1:01:02

that, my friends, is the

1:01:04

Stanford Prison experiment. And.

1:01:24

I. Hope that I didn't go like

1:01:27

too far into some of the

1:01:29

stuff because I tried to say

1:01:31

like somewhat higher level last still

1:01:33

hovering. All aspects of this I.

1:01:36

I definitely have like varying

1:01:38

opinions about. What? Came

1:01:40

of this but I definitely kind of

1:01:42

thing. but I just sad bet there's.

1:01:45

Two. Two sides to every

1:01:47

store? kind of yeah and there's

1:01:49

a lot that with like missing

1:01:51

or not done. Properly and the fact

1:01:54

that it can't be recreated just shows you

1:01:56

that these findings should not be used. To.

1:01:59

Make. Conclusions about actual

1:02:01

prison environments. Yeah. And

1:02:04

also thing to say that. One

1:02:07

hundred percent of people put

1:02:09

in X situation. Why

1:02:12

could happen? I think that that's

1:02:14

very. Naive. I

1:02:16

guess not really. Young eve. But know

1:02:19

it, it's not. It's not that. I.

1:02:23

Don't even know Like not no

1:02:25

one every one. I. Just

1:02:27

now is burned. you. You can have

1:02:29

a bomb. But yeah, there's always going

1:02:32

to be that one percent or whatever.

1:02:34

exactly. Not all good people will turn

1:02:36

evil if put in the right situation.

1:02:39

I think I said that was the

1:02:41

beginning of episode. I do think I'll

1:02:43

be on five assists. I didn't most

1:02:45

of the that says, and as a

1:02:48

nightly most of us yeah. his athletic

1:02:50

up. In by you know

1:02:52

Zimbardo experiment unfortunately was biased

1:02:54

by demand characteristics. By selection

1:02:57

bias you know people applying

1:02:59

for this having. Kind of being

1:03:01

predisposed to some of those behaviors like there's

1:03:04

a lot know when into this. so. I.

1:03:07

Don't think that we can. Make

1:03:09

just one conclusion from this, but. I

1:03:12

know this is a better view them

1:03:15

an episode of again I have no

1:03:17

inside early as it is isn't a

1:03:19

damn. I'd love to hear your guys

1:03:21

thoughts all posts on Instagram and facebook

1:03:23

but I'd love to hear what you

1:03:25

guys think about the experiment of this

1:03:27

episode anything but that of only got

1:03:29

for you guys today. Thank you so

1:03:31

much for listening for being here and

1:03:33

until next time. He bit human.

1:03:36

My days.