0:04

DW. Inside

0:06

Europe.

0:13

Hello and welcome. I'm Kate Lejocke

0:15

in Germany. On today's program, fight

0:18

or flight, the psychology of resistance

0:20

in Russia. Rule of law,

0:23

the EU gets tough with Hungary, and

0:26

the politics of memory. Two

0:28

stories from Poland where approximately ninety

0:30

eight percent of the Jewish population perished

0:33

in the Holocaust.

0:34

When we talk about Poland,

0:36

there are people who only want to believe

0:38

that we were the righteous

0:40

ones who rescued the Jews and

0:43

we had nothing to do with

0:45

any crimes. That's

0:46

all to come on inside Europe.

0:58

Another week in Europe, another

1:00

week into Vladimir Putin's war with

1:02

Ukraine. In Russia,

1:04

however, this week has felt different.

1:07

For many Russians, this week marked the moment

1:10

the war came home. The

1:12

carefully crafted state narrative

1:14

of special operations carried

1:16

out exclusively by highly trained members

1:18

of Russian military is coming

1:20

up against the lived reality of

1:23

ordinary Russians who find themselves

1:25

or their loved ones conscripted into

1:27

the army or brutalized by police.

1:29

should they dare to protest. Doctor

1:32

Maxim Aliyokov is a research

1:34

fellow at Kings College's Russia Institute

1:37

in London and a researcher with

1:39

the public sociology laboratory in

1:41

Saint Petersburg. When

1:43

I spoke to him earlier, he talked to

1:45

me about the patterns that he's been seen

1:47

emerging on Russian social media

1:50

as the state narrative comes apart.

1:53

I've seen a lot of anger

1:55

and dissatisfaction, and

1:58

especially the protest wave in

1:59

Russia's regions such as Pakistan. that's

2:02

something I think we've not

2:04

seen for a while. This is quite

2:07

remarkable, I think. Have

2:09

you sort of noticed any patterns.

2:12

Have there been particular, you know, videos

2:14

or images that you keep

2:15

seeing cropping up time and time again?

2:18

Yeah. Of course. We've seen a lot of images

2:20

and pictures of Frances

2:22

conscripts. Right? So people who

2:24

got promised not to be drafted because they

2:26

do not belong to mentioned by

2:29

the Minister of Defense. and they were

2:31

drafted. At certain point, yeah,

2:33

some of them went viral. And I think

2:35

what's happening now is that

2:37

some of the independent media, they might

2:39

received from your followers and your audience

2:42

because people are looking for information about

2:44

why it's happening and what's happening and the

2:46

state media do not provide this information. So

2:48

they are talking about partial visualization.

2:51

And for some people, it became

2:53

clear rapidly, quickly that

2:55

these narratives do not correspond to reality.

2:58

And in terms of the way in

3:01

which the war is viewed

3:03

in Russia,

3:04

do you think that you're seeing a

3:06

psychological shift taking

3:09

place? I think there

3:11

will be shift because we just

3:13

published a study based on qualitative

3:15

future views trying to understand

3:17

how people see the world, how they think about

3:19

it, what are, you know, patterns and emotions

3:22

and things like that. And it was interesting

3:24

to see that there is a group of people who are probably

3:27

not very well represented in survey data,

3:29

so we have abundance of surveys.

3:32

Until this point, they were trying they have been

3:34

trying to distance themselves from the war.

3:36

Right? So these people, they are not they apolitical.

3:38

And that's the reason why

3:41

it's difficult to actually reach

3:43

them and ask questions because

3:45

when pollsters approach them, they're saying, well,

3:47

I don't have enough experts 30s. I don't feel myself

3:49

an expert. That's why I'm not gonna answer

3:51

your questions. And for them,

3:54

even given the fact that the war was happening in

3:56

Ukraine. Right? So until the last moment, they were

3:58

trying to distance themselves to

3:59

say that I can't trust any

4:02

narratives.

4:03

I can't understand the political processes. So

4:05

I'm delegate their responsibility to the states,

4:07

so let them decide what needs to be done. And

4:09

now their lives, so this protective

4:12

sort of private lives, they created

4:14

for themselves the government interfered

4:17

with this lives. Right? So affecting them

4:20

directly. And for them, yeah,

4:22

psychologically, it's a socket. It will be interesting

4:24

to see how their understanding

4:26

of situation will evolve. So

4:28

I don't want to predict, to make predictions

4:30

and say that it will provoke nationwide

4:32

protest because for a nationwide protest, there

4:34

are many other preconditions. Right? So there

4:36

should be networks, organizations, things like

4:38

that. But definitely, they are not reacting.

4:40

They are not not perceiving it

4:42

positively. So there are lots for this

4:45

dissatisfaction and fear. And

4:47

away from social media for

4:49

a minute, I mean, in in real life on the ground.

4:51

There are signs of something shifting just

4:53

in terms of bodies on the ground and what they're

4:55

doing. You know, people coming out to protest

4:58

despite police brutality. people

5:00

packing airports, people queueing

5:02

for hours and hours at border crossings

5:04

in order to get out

5:06

of Russia. But these responses

5:09

so far seem to have been fairly atomized,

5:11

fairly individualistic. What do you

5:13

think it would take for a

5:15

collective organized response to

5:17

become possible. At this point,

5:19

yeah, the first reactions are individualized, totalized

5:21

reactions, like the flea, for

5:23

protest to spread across country.

5:26

I think, yeah, they

5:28

would need to recognize that this

5:30

situation is not something affecting

5:33

separate individuals and groups.

5:36

It's something affecting them all. And

5:38

here where you see this battle between

5:40

propaganda and reality because That's

5:42

exactly what propaganda is trying

5:44

to tell them. That's not about you

5:46

all. It's about one percent of the

5:48

reservists. It's a very small group of

5:50

population, very specific groups affected.

5:53

So you personally will not be affected.

5:56

And at the same time, on the ground, they

5:58

see a different situation that many

5:59

of their of their friends and relatives have

6:02

just grabbed her cars with some police from

6:04

Ukraine.

6:04

And also playing

6:06

into that Russia's

6:08

history of disproportionate targeting

6:11

of minority communities for

6:14

conscription as well, the sense that certain

6:16

groups might be

6:18

might be less vulnerable than others perhaps?

6:20

Yes, yes. The

6:23

most intensive massive process.

6:25

We've seen very in the regions. And

6:28

obviously, we've seen a lot of this. It's not only

6:30

dissatisfaction with this particular mobilization.

6:33

But there are many narratives

6:35

and statements from Pakistan, from

6:37

Briesia. People were saying, we've had

6:39

enough. We just lost our patience because

6:42

we were targeted disproportionately

6:44

during this war and below so many people

6:47

in villages and citizen communities. And

6:49

now again, so we can't tolerate it

6:51

anymore.

6:51

that's fascinating. So sort of ethnicity

6:53

and and class as well. I suppose playing a

6:55

role there. I mean, is there a potential then

6:58

for sort of networks of solidarity that

7:00

might spring up? Or Is the

7:03

infrastructure simply not there?

7:04

This is a very interesting question because

7:07

on the one hand, yes, So

7:09

it's very much intertwined with

7:12

the issues of class and race.

7:14

And the regime has been targeting

7:16

people who are poor, who live in Fire

7:18

wave geologists who do not

7:20

have resources. There are no networks in

7:22

displaces. There are no independent media

7:24

and activities who can spread

7:26

this information. Whether there'll

7:29

be new networks and solidarity and

7:31

things

7:31

like that, it's a good question. So because

7:34

so that there is anger, but you need to channel

7:36

the anger in order to build these

7:38

networks and spread the process

7:41

across Russia.

7:42

I was talking to Dr. Maxim

7:44

Aljokov, research fellow at

7:46

Kings College London. War

7:49

may have come to Europe, but that doesn't

7:52

mean that the wheels of EU decision

7:54

making have come to a halt. Indeed,

7:56

the EU seems more determined than ever

7:58

to uphold democratic norms and

8:00

is finally coming good on its promise to

8:02

penalize Hungary over its

8:04

erosion of the rule of law and systematic undermining

8:07

of the judiciary. The European

8:09

Commission, the EU's executive arm,

8:12

has recommended freezing seven

8:14

point five billion euros

8:16

in subsidies to Budapest. And

8:19

despite a range of measures, hurriedly

8:21

introduced to try and placate it, seems

8:23

to be sticking to its guns. My

8:26

colleague Nick Martin has been finding

8:28

out more about what could prove

8:30

an important test case for other

8:33

would be ill liberal democracies.

8:35

And yes, Sweden and Italy,

8:37

we are very much looking at you

8:39

this week. Nick, Welcome

8:41

to the studio. Tell me, what did you

8:43

find out? How much teeth

8:45

did these measures actually have?

8:47

Well,

8:47

actually, the rumors about a possible

8:50

freeze were enough to spur

8:52

Orban's government into action

8:54

to try and ease these concerns by

8:56

Brussels, particularly over systemic

8:58

corruption Ministers finalized

9:00

and announced seventeen measures,

9:02

and they announced them a day before the

9:04

European Commission proposed to freeze

9:06

this funding. So in a

9:08

clue to how critical this funding is

9:10

to the country, a spokesman for

9:12

Orban said they could get them fast tracked through

9:14

parliament this week. The measures

9:16

include setting up per several

9:18

independent anti graft regulators

9:21

that could monitor more closely

9:23

how EU funds are spent

9:25

Another proposal is to make the legislation process

9:27

in the country more transparent. Hungarian

9:30

officials would also be required to

9:32

cooperate more widely with Olaf.

9:34

the EU's anti fraud investigation agency.

9:37

However, the measures announced are mainly

9:39

aimed at acting on corruption and not

9:41

the other complaints. by the

9:43

EU and MEP, Gwendolyn

9:46

Delbos Corfield, is skeptical

9:48

about whether the new bills proposed

9:50

by Hungary go far enough.

9:52

If experts and lawyers are

9:54

clearly saying these are very good

9:56

laws, I mean, we would be all

9:58

happy here, I think, to change our mind. because

10:00

what we want is European France to go

10:02

to Hungarian citizens. And it

10:05

has to be said that

10:07

probably we

10:09

are seeing today in Hungary one of

10:11

the worst situation in European

10:13

Union for the poverty of people.

10:15

Let's talk about the Hungarian economy,

10:18

Nick. What

10:18

will the impact of this loss

10:20

of funding actually be? Well, as you

10:22

mentioned, it's seven point five billion

10:24

euros. It was expected to be spent

10:26

on environment projects, new

10:28

public transport schemes, and to

10:30

help deprived and rural areas of the

10:32

country. So the loss of

10:34

cash is definitely gonna be felt by the

10:36

economy and to some degree by

10:38

most Hungarians. If I spoke to

10:40

our correspondent, In budapest,

10:42

Stephen Bos, he told me that

10:44

the proposed freeze is certainly being

10:46

talked about. on the streets with a

10:48

lot of concern.

10:49

Many are concerned about the price

10:52

rises here. Hungary is going

10:54

through an inflation of roughly

10:56

fourteen percent now. That is

10:58

the highest in decades. And of

11:00

course, people see that in the supermarkets

11:02

and so on. So they are very concerned

11:05

what it will mean if Hungary doesn't

11:07

get this money from the European

11:09

Union. Some Hungarians blame

11:11

the European Union. They say, They

11:13

are always singling out hungry

11:16

while not looking for instance to

11:18

the corruption in Bulgaria

11:20

or Romania. But at the other hand,

11:22

there are also those who say

11:24

this is too late and too

11:26

little what the European Union is

11:28

doing and especially the opposition.

11:30

they are also concerned that all these

11:33

billions of euros will

11:35

again end up with the friends

11:37

and family members of the Hungarian

11:39

Prime Minister. our

11:40

correspondent in Budapest, Stefan

11:42

Bosch there. Now as well as

11:44

inflation the Hungarian economy has

11:46

struggled to fully recover from the

11:48

COVID pandemic, They wore in

11:50

Ukraine, of course, exacerbating those

11:52

problems. The local currency, the

11:54

foreign, fell to a record low

11:56

against the euro this summer. and a former

11:58

central banker says that the funds

11:59

are so badly needed that Hungary

12:02

could have its credit rating

12:04

downgraded without the EU

12:06

money. So that would mean the cost of borrowing

12:08

would rise and the currency would

12:10

weaken even further. And of course,

12:12

these aren't the only funds that

12:14

the EU has threatened to freeze.

12:16

The country is due to receive nearly

12:18

six billion in COVID recovery

12:20

funds. They're meant to help the

12:22

economies of EU states to rebound from the

12:24

pandemic, and Hungary is the

12:26

only country not to get the

12:28

green light for that cash

12:30

yet. So it has the potential

12:32

to lose more than thirteen billion in

12:34

support. I guess why we're seeing such a

12:36

hurried response to meet this

12:38

November deadline set by Brussels.

12:39

Yeah. And of course, this is coming at a time,

12:42

isn't it of increased pressure

12:44

because of energy costs, cost of

12:46

living, etcetera? Listen, Nick, thank you so

12:48

much for coming into the studio

12:50

to talk to us about that. Lovely, by

12:52

the way, to hear the voice of Stephan Boss

12:54

there in Budapest. just

12:56

time for me to remind you that you are

12:58

listening to inside Europe

13:00

and I am Kate Lejocke in

13:02

Germany.

13:03

We're

13:33

going to stay in Eastern Europe now

13:35

as we bring you two front,

13:38

but related stories. They

13:40

come to us from Poland, which was

13:42

the site of some of the deadliest massacres

13:44

and most horrific Nazi

13:46

death camps of the Holocaust. Of all

13:48

of the concentration camps, it is perhaps

13:50

Auschwitz Birkenau, which has

13:52

become most emblematic of the

13:54

Nazis attempt to systematically

13:57

annihilate Europe's

13:57

Jews. Of

13:59

the

13:59

sum six million Jews the Nazis

14:02

murdered in the whole caused more than one

14:04

million of them were killed in Auschwitz

14:06

personnel. Almost a

14:08

quarter of those people were children.

14:10

Terry Schultz visited the site to

14:12

learn about a new project to

14:14

preserve memories of the Holocaust's

14:17

youngest victims. Ariopedskur

14:19

has told his story dozens of

14:21

times in his ninety two years,

14:23

but the tears still

14:25

flow when he looks at the mountain of shoes left

14:27

behind by those whose last

14:29

steps were into the Auschwitz Berkenau

14:31

extermination camp. He speaks here through

14:33

an interpreter.

14:34

Perhaps here

14:36

with their shoes, perhaps here with the shoes of my mother

14:38

and my sisters. Pinsky

14:39

recalls the day he and his family arrived

14:42

here from his village in Transylvania after

14:44

five days in accrued train car with

14:46

no food or water. When

14:48

Nazi guards separated families on

14:50

arrival, his parents and younger

14:52

siblings were sent off for what they were told

14:54

would be disinfection showers.

14:56

Pinsk her lost sight of them and ran after

14:58

his two older brothers in a different direction.

15:01

Pensker is still devastated to remember that

15:03

afternoon. He recalls a

15:05

conversation with a boy who'd been there

15:07

longer. Pritzker asked the other boy

15:09

where he could expect to rejoin his

15:11

family when they came out of the showers.

15:14

Again, this is through an interpreter. Hey.

15:15

Cong on him. to know when

15:17

when we're gonna see our parents again.

15:19

You think we'll see our parents come to the shower.

15:22

And he said, He said, you you don't

15:24

know, and he pointed up to the chimneys. And

15:26

he said, they they see the

15:28

clouds. That's where they came out.

15:30

Aria

15:30

Pinsker was thirteen years

15:33

old. He survived being one

15:35

of the children used for medical experiments

15:37

in Auschwitz than being sent to

15:39

a work camp in Dachau. He

15:41

was within hours of dying while on

15:43

a forced march away from Jackal

15:45

when Soviet soldiers liberated them.

15:47

He and his two surviving brothers emigrated

15:49

to Israel. Pinskoe has come back

15:51

to Auschwitz more than seventy times

15:53

and constantly shares his story all

15:55

over the world to help keep alive the

15:57

memories of those who were murdered. and one of the

15:59

ways he's

15:59

determined to do that is by

16:02

saving the shoes of Auschwitz's youngest

16:04

victims through a new project called

16:06

soul to soul. funded by

16:08

organizations, including the march of the

16:10

Living, the Auschwitz Foundation, and

16:12

by the foundation of Ita Neishles.

16:15

who says he wants to honor his grandmother,

16:17

who survived the Holocaust. So

16:19

there is an incredible archive

16:21

of information and together

16:23

with the shoe restoration, of course, we

16:25

can draw out as much

16:28

content and as much stories as we

16:30

possibly can and

16:32

it's our duty. It's the duty of

16:34

my generation. And on behalf of the

16:36

children and grandchildren are

16:38

even great grandchildren

16:40

of the survivors to hold the

16:42

torch of memory high. I'm

16:45

walking with Aria Pinsky through Barrick's like

16:47

the one where he was a thirteen year old

16:49

subjected to horrific medical experiments

16:52

here. He was one of just a handful of

16:54

children to have left this camp

16:56

alive. when you look at the world

16:57

right now, do you worry that

17:00

this lesson is already being forgotten?

17:02

See,

17:02

now that human hatred is is still

17:04

everywhere even in the cratic world and

17:06

the modern world. You only have to look and see what is happening

17:08

in Ukraine with Putin and understand that

17:11

when there's a dictator who can decide

17:13

anything, anything can happen. Making

17:15

sure these shoes survive isn't just

17:17

to remember the children who didn't. It's

17:20

also a way to remind future generations,

17:23

which footsteps, are

17:25

not to be followed. Terry

17:27

Schultz DW, Auschwitz

17:29

Bergeronau, Poland. Never

17:30

forget it's in remembering that

17:32

we ensured that the past doesn't happen

17:35

again. But what

17:37

happens when memory becomes subject

17:39

to political attempts to

17:41

shape and control it?

17:44

A new film out in Poland has

17:46

sparked controversy over attempts

17:48

to rewrite the history of violence

17:50

against Jews committed by some

17:53

polls. at the start of World War two.

17:55

Under Stalin's pact with Hitler,

17:57

the USSR invaded Poland's former

17:59

Eastern

17:59

provinces in September nineteen

18:02

thirty nine including the city

18:04

of Grodno, which now lies in

18:06

Belarus. In the movie, the

18:08

Soviets are blamed for a massacre

18:10

of the city's Jews instead

18:12

of local polls, contrary to

18:14

the findings of historical studies.

18:16

The film has caused

18:19

protests from Poland's Jewish organizations

18:21

yet the education ministry has made it part of

18:24

the school history curriculum. From

18:27

Warsaw, Julian Bernard

18:28

files this report.

18:31

assassins The

18:38

film, Gratna

18:40

Eagles, nineteen thirty nine, by

18:42

director, Shista Fokashabe, is designed

18:44

for a younger audience.

18:47

It tells the story of a group of teenagers who rise

18:49

up against the invading Soviet

18:52

troops. Grodna was the only city

18:54

in what was then Eastern Poland

18:56

to resist the invaders. Demand

18:59

the insurgents is Lyon, a

19:01

local Jew who fights alongside the

19:03

Poles. in a harrowing scene, he

19:05

witnesses a large group of local

19:07

Jews being massacred by the Soviets.

19:09

The Russians are then shown

19:11

painting, published language, anti Jewish

19:13

hate slogans on the dead bodies and filming

19:15

the result apparently for a

19:18

propaganda film to show violent

19:20

Polish antisemitism. The

19:22

boy, Liam, is eventually executed by the

19:24

Soviets along with his Polish friends.

19:27

The

19:30

Chisholvish But

19:31

this witness, a ninety five year old

19:33

woman who was born in Grodna,

19:35

does a completely different story

19:37

about the massacre. She gives a

19:40

chilling count of common mob of Polish

19:42

men dragged Jews out of the homes

19:44

and beat them to death, accusing them

19:46

of being Soviet sympathisers. She

19:49

vividly remembers when it

19:51

happened before Soviet tanks

19:53

rolled into the city. This

19:55

is confirmed by historical published

19:57

in Poland Israel and the US. World

19:59

War two

19:59

historian Pavel Sabitsky says

20:02

that many peoples have a problem

20:04

accepting such facts.

20:05

When we talk about Poland, there are people

20:08

who only want to believe that

20:11

we were the righteous ones who

20:13

rescued the Jews and we

20:15

had nothing to do with any crimes

20:18

involved. And the more east you go,

20:20

there is involvement of individual people,

20:22

polls this story must be researched.

20:24

I believe that

20:26

one way we can respect

20:29

the victims is

20:31

by being precise

20:34

and paying a lot of attention to the

20:36

fact. We will not change history

20:39

because people feel that we shouldn't

20:41

be talking about those problems.

20:49

Earlier

20:50

this

20:51

year, the Polish government called on

20:54

Israel to revise the curriculum of its

20:56

organized education additional

20:58

trips to the sites of Nazi death

21:00

camps in Poland. The Polish foreign

21:02

ministry claimed that young Israelis were

21:04

prevented from mixing with Polish

21:06

people Thus receiving a negative image of Poland,

21:08

it said that there are threads appearing

21:10

to suggest that Poland is an anti

21:12

Semitic country. And for that reason,

21:14

it's dangerous here. Yan Thomas

21:17

Groves, a Polish Jewish writer who lives

21:19

in the US, was the first to

21:21

focus on the role samples played in

21:23

the Holocaust. he

21:25

believes that the Polish authorities recent

21:27

attempts to whitewash history did

21:29

nothing to improve relations between

21:31

Poles and Jews. This

21:32

is very difficult to fit into

21:35

the narrative of Polish

21:37

history during during the war, which is

21:39

a a history of of being victims

21:41

essentially. It is a story that's stand

21:43

symbolically as exemplification

21:45

of horrible social

21:48

disorganization and demobilization that takes place

21:50

during the war. And there's

21:52

a tremendous violence

21:54

that's meted by everybody

21:57

against everybody.

22:03

and yet there

22:05

are those Polish artists who think that the whole

22:07

truth about difficult moments in

22:10

history should be told. One of the

22:12

past years most talked about movies

22:14

is the independently funded

22:16

streaming hit the wedding day by the

22:18

acclaimed director, Vojik Smarovsky.

22:20

It's about a community haunted by

22:22

memories of a wartime Jewish programs.

22:24

staged by local polls. Polish

22:27

Jewish actress Edith Abarr is

22:29

glad that different voices on wartime

22:31

history can still be heard. thus

22:33

giving rise to a public debate on the

22:35

issue. It's

22:35

a good occasion for

22:38

people to make

22:40

some reflections attitude to

22:43

others, people who are not

22:45

the same. All these

22:47

topics make people

22:49

discuss about this. Maybe

22:51

it was not so popular to discuss

22:53

on these topics before.

22:55

In Poland now, there are lots

22:57

of events, which show the

23:00

history of antisemitism in

23:03

in Poland. But

23:09

for now, young Polish cinema goers are

23:11

left with the film above the defense of Grodna,

23:13

founded by state television.

23:15

which the country's culture minister promotes

23:18

as a timely reminder of Russia's

23:20

brutality and aggression. Critics

23:22

say it's morally dubious

23:24

that young people are at the same time being fed

23:26

a distorted history of Polish

23:28

Jewish relations during the war,

23:31

Julian Bernard, DW Warsaw.

23:33

And

23:34

if you're wanting to find out more about

23:36

the holocaust in Poland or indeed

23:38

any other part of Europe, then the

23:40

World holocaust remembrance center,

23:43

yet a extensive archive

23:45

of study materials and survivors'

23:48

testimonies. This is

23:49

inside Europe. I'm

23:51

Kate Lei Cook, in

23:56

Germany.

24:53

This is inside Europe, and I'm Kate

24:56

Lekoc in Germany. Coming up

24:58

in the next half hour. When I

25:00

see this images, of

25:02

mainstream pipelines. I

25:04

see

25:04

lots of blood of Ukrainians.

25:09

I see the massive destruction of my country.

25:11

Bubbles in

25:12

the Baltic, Ukrainian environmentalist,

25:15

Switlana Romanco, responds to the

25:17

suspected sabotage of

25:19

the North Stream pipelines. Dirty

25:22

Secret, Turkey's recycling

25:24

industry and the people it

25:26

exploits. Brown Danube,

25:28

why is one of Europe's greatest rivers full

25:30

of sewage? Keeping

25:32

track, the new fossil fuel registry

25:35

revolutionizing carbon accountability and

25:40

taking a spin in what might just be

25:42

France's greenest car.

25:44

All that and water come here

25:46

on inside

25:48

Europe.

25:49

Broadcasting from Germany. This

25:52

is inside Europe. Russia's

25:55

Northstream pipelines are

25:58

leaking into the Baltic. In what

25:59

scientists fear could be one of the worst

26:02

natural gas leaks ever, posing

26:05

significant climate risks as an amount of

26:07

methane equivalent to the emissions of

26:09

one point three million

26:12

cars. bubbles up to the surface. The

26:14

leaks which

26:14

appeared mid week appear

26:16

to be the result of sabotage

26:19

although it is important to say that at the time of recording,

26:21

any speculation about who might

26:23

be responsible would be just that

26:26

speculation. Whatever the origins

26:28

of the leaks, however, they are

26:30

the most urgent illustration yet

26:32

of something that Ukrainian environmentalist

26:35

Svetlana Romanko and her organization, Rasgon,

26:37

we stand, have been saying

26:39

all along. But fossil fuel

26:41

dependence is not only deadly for the

26:44

climate, but for national security

26:46

as well. Savannah Romanko spoke

26:48

to me from her hotel room

26:50

in Brussels where she is currently

26:53

lobbying for a full and

26:55

immediate EU embargo on

26:57

Russian fossil fuels. What

26:59

I asked her was her response to

27:01

the aerial footage of gas

27:04

bubbling out into the Baltic. When

27:05

I see these images

27:08

of Nord Stream Biplans, I see

27:11

out of blood. of Ukrainians.

27:13

I

27:14

see the massive destruction

27:16

of my country. I

27:18

see massive energy poverty.

27:20

of other people. I see massive cost of

27:23

living crisis of other

27:25

people who lost main sources

27:27

of income. while even they're still

27:29

alive. And

27:31

I

27:32

see the hypocrisy in

27:35

embargo and sanctions question from

27:38

the EU

27:38

as well because Russia still continues

27:40

to get money from the EU

27:42

and international trade of

27:45

Russian oil and gas, which is

27:46

banned, carrying out war

27:48

atrocities in my

27:49

country. Even though politicians continue to

27:52

speak over so called embargo, But

27:54

in July, sixty two percent of vessels

27:56

who were carrying Russian oil

27:59

to other countries

27:59

were owned by EU registered chicken

28:02

companies, according by analysis of

28:04

Korea, we need to earn this

28:06

addiction to Russian fossil fuels

28:08

and to all fossil fuels and

28:11

break free from

28:12

the dependency on them because

28:14

it will continue to prop up

28:16

new dictatorships in the world

28:19

and feed new wars and conflicts, which no

28:21

one of us wants,

28:22

I guess. Right from day

28:24

one of Russia's invasions, Atlanta,

28:26

you've been making the links

28:28

between climate vulnerability and national

28:31

security

28:31

vulnerability. Can you expand

28:33

on that? We've been talking about this

28:35

this long months of the war

28:37

that energy crisis, climate crisis,

28:40

caused the bleeding crisis. And the

28:41

war in Ukraine are deeply

28:44

interconnected and have

28:46

a roads in

28:46

the fossil fuels. And regarding

28:49

these pipeline explosions, gas

28:53

is, in general, very risk expensive

28:55

and will always remain

28:58

volatile, depending

28:58

on global markets and

29:00

building new gas infrastructure

29:02

ASR LNG terminals or

29:05

pipelines will only deepen global

29:07

dependence on fossil fuels, further

29:09

empowering

29:09

protein and other exporting what

29:12

means empowering more dictatorships

29:14

and more human rights abuses

29:16

and more fossil

29:17

fueled war and conflict in

29:20

the world So we definitely need to

29:21

stop it. You're calling for the

29:22

EU to impose a complete

29:25

embargo on all Russian oil

29:27

and gas. you say that Ukraine

29:29

and the climate can win if

29:31

the EU would just do the right

29:33

thing. Can you explain? the

29:35

EU must divert all money

29:38

spent for energy from Russia

29:40

to clean energy solutions

29:43

right now and boost a clean

29:45

energy transition with

29:47

energy efficiency, renewables

29:50

and electrification. which are better both for

29:52

the climate, for the

29:54

economy and, of course, for the energy

29:55

security. So we call to the EU

29:57

to do exactly that. and Ukraine will

29:59

win because we will

30:02

be able to earn the war and

30:04

stop dictator.

30:04

And also, we will be able

30:06

to implement the legislation

30:09

as a candidate to the EU Union

30:11

as well

30:12

that protect climate

30:15

environment. and establish

30:17

inclusive economy with

30:19

safe energy systems. We are,

30:21

of course,

30:22

approaching winter there's

30:25

increasing nervousness amongst the European

30:27

public about heating costs, about

30:29

people's ability to keep themselves

30:31

healthy and warm. What

30:33

would you say to people with concerns

30:35

like that? We know

30:36

it's not easing, and people are suffering from

30:38

cost of living crisis and from

30:41

energy prices as well, but still continue to

30:43

support Ukraine and stand with Ukraine. And

30:45

we are very

30:45

thankful because people

30:48

in my country are suffering horribly on

30:50

a daily basis. And this

30:53

war regularly includes the threat

30:55

of nuclear attack on Ukraine

30:57

and is resulting in massive atrocities

30:58

and war crimes. Many

31:01

families apart and, of

31:03

course, many people killed

31:05

and tortured. And we all

31:07

have to rise up against fossil

31:09

fuel dictatorships and companies

31:12

that keep these prices

31:13

going and in overall dependency

31:16

on

31:16

fossil fuels. And

31:18

because we see the strategy,

31:20

upon strategy continues to cure

31:23

due to Europe's over reliance on Russian

31:25

fossil

31:25

fuels and cost of leading inflation and

31:28

cost of leading increases are

31:30

in large part due to over reliance on fossil

31:33

fuels and centralized infrastructure.

31:35

And now it's more clear than

31:38

ever then Europe must

31:40

completely switch to locally based green

31:42

energy sources and make

31:44

them affordable to its

31:46

own citizens. there is

31:47

a risk, isn't there that you get what you want?

31:49

So you get in the EU embargo of Russian fossil

31:51

fuels, but it comes at a really high

31:53

cost. so you get dependence upon

31:54

American LPG, for example,

31:57

prolongation of nuclear power plants. This is

31:59

happening in Germany, opening up of

32:01

new fracking sites as is being

32:02

proposed in the UK, does

32:05

it have to be this way? Is there

32:07

an alternative that's viable

32:09

given the acute urgency of

32:11

the situation right now. The change

32:13

we want and in fossil

32:15

fuel addiction should not come

32:17

at cost of environmental

32:19

crisis as well because we are already

32:22

losing human's lives in a massive

32:24

scale. We are causing

32:27

multiple processes. And of course, we

32:29

– this should not damage that environment.

32:31

For that purpose, we have to

32:33

phase out fossil fuels everywhere.

32:35

and instead of embracing dirty

32:39

energy, we need to accelerate the

32:41

clean energy revolution and because

32:43

wind solar and energy efficiency

32:45

measures are cheaper, cleaner and

32:47

don't rely on geopolitical powers

32:49

and dictators and on the pipelines.

32:52

as we all seen. And because every case

32:54

of inflation over the last fifty years

32:56

has followed an oil crisis and

32:59

everything possible should

33:01

be done. change their

33:03

sustainable, locally produced,

33:05

clean energy sources and

33:07

stop using taxpayers

33:09

money to work profeterine and

33:12

continuing global insecurity as well.

33:14

There are no simply economic

33:17

arguments left to oppose revenue

33:19

strong effort to actively support the

33:21

transition to a clean energy in

33:23

Europe and globally. The

33:24

words there of Ukrainian

33:27

environmental Svetlana Romanco. More

33:29

information about

33:30

her organization and its campaign to

33:32

end European fossil fuel dependency can

33:34

be found at razomwe stand

33:37

dot org. Our environmental

33:39

coverage continues now with a

33:41

report on another fossil fuel

33:43

product, plastics. In

33:45

many European countries, the idea

33:47

that plastics should be recycled rather

33:49

than simply thrown away in the general waste

33:51

bin is now ingrained.

33:54

But where do those plastics

33:57

go? Well, since China got fed up

33:59

with being the world's trash can, the

34:01

answer now is more often than

34:03

not. Turkey. In twenty

34:05

twenty and twenty twenty one, Turkey

34:07

received about half of the plastic waste that

34:09

the twenty seven EU member states

34:11

did not process domestically. That is around four hundred

34:13

and fifty thousand metric tons

34:16

per year. This month,

34:18

a new report by NGO Human

34:20

Rights Watch

34:22

exposed the dire conditions of the people working

34:24

in the industry. From Istanbul,

34:27

Dorian Jones has more.

34:30

Plastic is made of fossil fuels and toxic

34:33

chemical additives. When it's

34:35

recycled or burned, it releases

34:37

aerosolines and toxins

34:40

that can contribute to serious health issues. This

34:42

video

34:42

was released by the Human Rights

34:44

Watch to accompany its report

34:47

It accuses Turkey's fast

34:49

growing recycling industry of

34:51

threatening workers' lives, many of whom

34:53

are among society's

34:56

most vulnerable. The report author, Krista

34:58

Schindham, explains the risks faced by

35:00

many of the near half million people

35:02

working in the billion euro

35:04

industry here.

35:06

plastics

35:06

contain toxic chemical additives, things

35:08

like antioxidants and phthalates

35:10

that can cause cancer, reproductive

35:14

system harms as well as short

35:16

term health impacts like asthma

35:18

and skin ailments, things like and

35:20

we document to that there are quite a bit of child labor in plastic

35:23

recycling facilities despite legal

35:25

protections for our children working

35:27

in such hazardous conditions. as

35:30

well as lots of

35:32

migrants and refugees working in plastic

35:34

recycling facilities without

35:36

adequate protections.

35:36

In

35:38

Istanbul, Bayer on Pasha district, the heart

35:41

of the city's recycling industry, the

35:43

air is thick with

35:46

choking chemicals used in

35:48

processes to recycle plastic.

35:50

Looking through the open doors

35:52

of one of the small

35:55

factories It resembles Dante's inferno,

35:58

thick accurate smoke,

36:00

flames, dulching up from

36:02

huge pauldrons, which break

36:04

down the plastics tended by

36:06

workers whose faces are blackened by the

36:08

toxic suit. No one

36:10

wants to be interviewed Many appear

36:12

to be refugees or

36:14

migrants.

36:16

But away from the gaze of security

36:18

workers in one of the

36:20

side streets I find a worker prepared to give an insight into

36:22

what he calls hell on

36:24

earth. Someone's

36:25

handsets is there

36:28

and that I start work at eight in the morning and finish at

36:30

nine at night. It's

36:32

filthy,

36:32

dirty, dangerous work.

36:35

The air chokes here because of the chemicals

36:37

from the melting plastics. I have

36:39

no

36:39

idea what they're using, but every

36:41

night I cost

36:44

That one dares to complain because you know they'll

36:46

fire you or worse if

36:49

you're a

36:50

foreigner. apartment

36:51

blocks around the factories. There's a

36:54

hospital and children play

36:56

outside. The human rights watch

36:58

report says Most plastic

37:00

recycling factories are located

37:02

in Istanbul and Addana,

37:04

two of Turkey's most densely

37:06

populated cities. Low calls

37:08

like said that could grew up in the

37:10

shadow of

37:12

these factories. the

37:15

factories and houses are side by side. We spent a lot

37:17

of time amidst the noise, the smell,

37:19

and the filth.

37:22

This

37:22

was our childhood. I'm thirty four, and I

37:25

now have lung problems. The

37:27

recycling industry maintains strict

37:30

regulations are enforced to protect both

37:32

workers and residents. Doctor

37:34

Salli Kambach is with the Recycling Association.

37:37

He admits that in the past, such criticisms may

37:40

have been justified. But

37:42

in cease, the industry has

37:44

cleaned up

37:46

its act Cumbach says the industry now strictly

37:48

monitors the kind of plastics

37:50

imported and the factories

37:52

processing them. There are some

37:54

extreme regulations

37:54

in the last legislation. We

37:57

are also having inspectors not

37:59

only from

37:59

the administration, also from

38:02

the other

38:02

ministries tab as well. They are

38:04

not giving us information before they visit.

38:06

We are seeing them at the door. They said that

38:08

we are here to check your company. If

38:11

there is any company that the children are working, which

38:12

is not legitimate. If they are making

38:15

a list a legitimate or a

38:17

list of recycling, We would like to

38:19

remove their names and we would like to educate from the

38:22

system. Okay? Both is very important to

38:24

us. Not

38:24

to human rights watch report, says

38:26

regulations are often not enforced. It even

38:29

claims that factories are frequently

38:31

warned in advance of

38:34

any inspection. So far,

38:36

the government has not responded

38:38

to the report. The

38:40

Turkish recycling industry

38:42

is booming. supporting over a million people in

38:44

Turkey. After China ended

38:46

importing plastic for recycling

38:48

in twenty

38:50

eighteen Turkey is now the

38:52

European Union's primary recycler

38:55

of plastics. Shenom of

38:57

human rights watch says the EU is accountable

38:59

for protecting workers cleaning up

39:02

Europe's waste. So since

39:04

twenty eight

39:04

when the Chinese government

39:06

banned plastic waste imports.

39:09

Roughly four hundred fifty

39:11

thousand tons of plastic waste from the

39:13

EU has been set Turkey each year to

39:15

be following up with decision makers in the EU

39:17

to kind of push them to have

39:19

stronger regulations to, you

39:22

know, respect the rights of people

39:24

who are in countries impacted by

39:26

European waste exports.

39:27

Plastic recycling is a central

39:30

part of environmental efforts for a

39:32

greener world But according

39:34

to human rights watch, those

39:36

among Turkey's most vulnerable are

39:38

paying the price for that

39:42

aspiration. Dorian Jones, DW,

39:44

Istanbul.

39:58

The

40:03

unmistakable strains there

40:06

Juhan Shkast the second's blue danube

40:08

composed in honor of the mighty

40:10

river, which flows from Germany's Black Forest

40:12

all the way to the Baltic Sea.

40:15

The problem is though, the

40:17

Danube's not all that blue

40:19

anymore.

40:19

Indeed, it's changing from blue

40:22

to brown, and that's become

40:24

particularly noticeable in the Serbian capital, Belgrade.

40:26

Our Baltics correspondent Guadalupe

40:30

decided to investigate. It's

40:31

the end of a very

40:34

hot day here in Belgrade, but it's a

40:36

little bit

40:38

cooler down on the banks of the Danube River and this is

40:40

where Ivan Nasch is getting

40:42

ready pulling out piles of haddles

40:45

and them down ready for the start of one

40:48

of his sunset kayak

40:50

tours of

40:52

the Danube. you

40:53

cannot see so much waste like in

40:55

the river or noticing some difference.

40:57

But for us who know what's happening,

40:59

it will become at some

41:02

point critical.

41:03

We're right onto the

41:04

river now, and it has to be

41:06

said, there's a fair bit of flotsam and

41:09

jetsam on this stretch of the Danube,

41:11

an empty plastic food container, a few

41:14

different plastic bottles

41:16

of different colors. And

41:18

if you don't know where you're navigating, you

41:20

might run into some things which are rather

41:22

nasty. If the cuff lines

41:25

itself and just under the famous

41:27

Belgrade Waterfront that has the most

41:29

most important places where the

41:32

dirty and polluted water is coming

41:34

in. That's

41:34

somebody who loves nature and who also runs business

41:36

which is involved with

41:39

nature. How much a difference

41:41

with a make to you of these these rivers working that

41:44

you didn't have sewage being pumped into

41:46

them. It will change, not only my business, it

41:48

will change our citizens'

41:50

opinion and how they treat and how do

41:52

they spend the time on

41:54

Sarbanes, in fifty, sixty,

41:56

seventies, they

41:58

were like big big beaches on Sabah River just in

41:59

the very center of Belgrade.

42:02

Several thousands of people were screaming, and

42:04

it was like wide

42:06

sand beaches. You

42:07

you cannot see this that now,

42:09

you

42:10

know. But Serbian

42:12

people

42:13

have been waking up to

42:15

environmental issues in recent years.

42:20

Protests forced a government u-turn on

42:22

lithium mining earlier this year, and the

42:24

ecological uprising movement is now

42:26

a serious political player. Alexa Petrovich is part

42:28

of the right to water initiative,

42:30

and he says the door is opening

42:32

for environmentalists

42:35

to force political leaders to

42:37

take river pollution seriously. We

42:39

see ourselves, you know, as as as only

42:41

a small part of the psychological moment

42:43

that's rising up in in Serbia. And we

42:45

are always trying to, you know, connect

42:47

the small organizations, you know,

42:49

to connect to share the

42:52

knowledge that we have to share context and try

42:54

to build this network because we believe

42:56

this is not going to be, like, one

42:58

year, two year struggle. This is something that's going

43:00

to take you know,

43:02

five to ten years.

43:04

And we play the long game, you know. We

43:06

try to

43:08

build capacity you know, of the of the ecological movement, and you

43:10

know, try to to to make

43:12

politicians, you know, listen to

43:14

the public. And

43:16

that means persuading them to take action

43:18

about the dirty Danube, Goran

43:20

Tsakulich from the World Wildlife

43:23

Fund, says the current situation is dire.

43:25

In Belgrade, there is

43:27

no wastewater treatment at

43:29

all. Older and the

43:32

wastewater are actually going directly to the river to Sala and

43:34

Daniel, what's the solution look like then? What are

43:36

actually, what steps are needed?

43:39

two years ago, the city

43:41

governments announced that they are now

43:43

really started to to

43:45

work on that. Actually, we still don't know what

43:47

is going on. We don't know what are the plants,

43:50

how the plant will be built, how the

43:52

whole system

43:54

will function.

43:55

To unmuddy

43:58

the

43:59

married

43:59

waters, I got in touch with belgrade

44:02

city authorities but they wouldn't make

44:04

anyone available for interview. They

44:06

did, however, pass on a statement

44:08

from the city's water supply and

44:10

sewage utility. All

44:11

overflows of the bellgrade sewage systems into

44:14

rivers will end when the construction

44:16

of the wastewater treatment plant

44:18

is completed. So far over

44:20

fifty percent of the total length of

44:22

the collector has

44:24

been built.

44:27

Environmentalists aren't holding their breath, though

44:30

they may be pinching their

44:32

noses. This summer's

44:34

scorching temperatures resulted in

44:36

lower river levels and a higher

44:38

concentration of sewage in the

44:40

water, Ivan Nasch isn't

44:42

alone in calling for

44:44

expedited action. People

44:45

who rule the country need to think more about this and, you know, to be

44:47

faster in their decisions. I would like that

44:49

to see, you know, while

44:51

I'm younger. And the way

44:53

as the people need to push more, you know, for these

44:56

decisions and to treat

45:00

nature sustainably. After all,

45:02

if the situation persists, you wouldn't want

45:04

to be on this river with or

45:06

without a paddle, Guadalupe, DW, Belgrade.

45:10

You're listening to Inside Europe.

45:12

I'm Kate Lekoc in Germany.

45:14

Boesen

45:15

model. Still the factory means

45:17

you deny it. ever

45:20

happen. Denial ever will.

45:22

Denial ever. But it

45:25

keeps on happening. pools

45:27

and on the river. There's

45:30

a lot of still the

45:32

factory names who deny it ever

45:34

happen. deny

45:36

it of a will, and die of a rotten body.

45:38

Keeps on up and steal.

45:44

high

45:45

time for some good news on

45:47

the climate or at the very least news

45:49

which brings with it a sense of

45:51

agency. And certainly the case this month with regards to

45:53

the launch of a new emissions

45:56

database, the global registry

45:58

of

45:59

fossil fuels. Developed by Carbon Tracker initiative with data

46:02

support from global energy monitor,

46:04

the global registry represents

46:06

the first ever fully transparent

46:08

public

46:09

database, which tracks fossil fuel production worldwide

46:12

and

46:12

its impacts on the global carbon

46:14

budget. I spoke to Richard

46:18

carbon tracker's policy and government affairs adviser

46:20

to find out more. Well,

46:22

my starting

46:23

point here would be the

46:25

Paris climate agreement where

46:28

fossil fuel emissions are not addressed

46:30

at all. So the purpose of

46:32

the global registry here is to

46:35

drive greater transparency. in this area, reading

46:37

across the carbon budget, but also that it can drive

46:40

accountability. So if

46:42

we then taking

46:44

your question about how the EU and member

46:46

states can use the global registry. They

46:48

can use it in terms of

46:51

matching what we're saying with what the

46:54

information that they have on their

46:56

reserves and on

46:58

their production. but also

47:00

that they can use this within

47:02

sort of the broader international

47:04

context to start to look

47:06

at what other countries that

47:08

are doing on their production, what a

47:10

company is doing as well. And that's really

47:12

going back to my point

47:14

again about oil gas

47:16

and coal emissions not being covered by

47:18

Paris. And so we're not

47:20

seeing accountability there

47:22

on production And

47:23

we've been talking at a state level, but,

47:25

I mean, this is an open access

47:27

database, so anyone can use it.

47:29

What other potential uses might

47:31

there be for Third party

47:34

actors wanting to hold either states or

47:36

companies to account, you know,

47:38

journalists, for example,

47:39

or NGOs. I think that's absolutely right, Kate. I mean, we see the broad

47:42

spectrum of stakeholders who can

47:44

use the global registry.

47:46

So so you touch their own

47:48

civil society. So the

47:50

point that I was making about

47:52

holding governments and companies to

47:54

account on their production

47:56

so civil society can

47:58

use this this tool, which the first but

48:00

also finance and investment is

48:02

a major audience of ours. And

48:06

we think this will be a very useful tool

48:08

for investors as well when they're assessing climate

48:11

risk and looking at

48:13

production plans both countries, but

48:16

maybe particularly for for

48:18

companies as well. And we've had

48:20

quite a significant amount of

48:22

interest already from their investor community in the global

48:24

registry as they can see that it can be a

48:26

valuable tool. Why is it

48:28

the first of its kind?

48:28

I mean, why hasn't this happened before?

48:32

That is a very good question. I think there

48:34

are a couple of points that I would make in

48:37

answer to that. I

48:39

mean, some of this information is available,

48:42

but it's available privately.

48:44

But also, I think the final point

48:46

that I would make, Kate, is that

48:49

people maybe thought that this couldn't be done.

48:51

It was gonna be all too difficult. How do you

48:53

get the information? Where do you get it from? You

48:55

know, when we started with this enterprise about

48:58

eighty months ago, the two

49:00

questions, which I, which we would

49:02

get, one would be, what doesn't

49:04

something like this exist already? And the answer

49:06

to that it doesn't, certainly not in the public domain. But

49:08

second, you'll find it all too

49:10

difficult. And that's where we've had

49:12

some fabulous

49:14

colleagues of mine, you know, data scientists, and so

49:17

on, data scraping millions

49:20

of data points to start to to

49:22

assemble this.

49:24

Now we're not saying that what we published here is perfect,

49:26

but that is part of our

49:28

approach with with governments

49:31

and with policymakers say, look, we have published this. We

49:33

put this out here. Now can you work with

49:36

us to improve on this

49:38

data so that it becomes

49:40

a public policy tool for all

49:42

of us.

49:42

Richard Holland, policy, and

49:45

government affairs adviser for the

49:47

think tank carbon tracker there. from

49:49

the public to the personal now as we end

49:52

our program in Paris

49:54

where John Laurentson has been

49:56

gearing up

49:56

for a green transition of

49:58

his own. He's taken a spin in

50:00

what May just be France's greenest car

50:02

and at the wheel, its

50:05

creator. a former Renault designer determined to

50:07

put

50:07

the brakes on auto emissions.

50:10

It feels a little bit

50:12

rudimentary. Yeah. Actually, yeah,

50:14

which is good. Climbing

50:17

into the prototype of the

50:19

Gazelle, a low tech family

50:21

car, with his designer, Gaye La

50:23

Vo. We wanna

50:24

be really in the the dynamics of

50:28

intentional simplicity. Internal simplicity

50:29

means it's super basic and

50:32

it looks it. What you can't

50:34

see is that being made

50:36

of fiberglass it's extremely

50:38

light. It's

50:39

only nine hundred kilos compared to

50:42

a standard car which is more like one ton

50:44

and a half. So

50:46

it's not twice lighter, but

50:48

almost. And this is really important

50:50

because the lighter you are, the

50:52

less consumption you

50:54

will have. because three quarter of consumption is about the

50:56

weight. This reduction

50:58

in

50:58

weight means the Kyzyl

51:00

consumes about forty percent less

51:03

electricity per mile than

51:05

an equivalent electric car, which means it

51:07

can use a smaller battery, cutting the

51:10

weight again and the cost of

51:12

the vehicle. Making the car so light also

51:14

makes solar power viable. One

51:16

Kyzyl prototype has a solar

51:18

panel roof that

51:20

provides enough energy for forty kilometers a

51:22

day. The average French motorist drives

51:25

thirty eight kilometers a

51:27

day so this could make Gazelle drivers

51:30

independent of electricity from the

51:32

grid. Levo expects the safety

51:34

authorities to approve the Gazelle

51:36

this year and to start

51:38

production in twenty twenty four with a

51:40

retail price of about twenty

51:42

thousand euros. But what will a

51:44

market be like for this kind

51:46

of car? Nicola Mylan is an independent energy

51:48

and mobility consultant. He

51:50

says the success of the Gazelle will

51:52

depend on the evolution of energy

51:56

and metal prices and government incentives to

51:58

buy green. The earth is not

51:59

infinite. The resources are not

52:02

infinite, and we will

52:04

have eventually to better

52:06

use them. And this is

52:08

where maybe the regulation should

52:10

encourage lighter

52:12

cars It's not there might constraint

52:14

on our availability. We

52:16

also might have a constraint on

52:20

metals we see that the price

52:22

of battery will increase for the first time this year. So people are realizing

52:24

that maybe the electric tank

52:28

with sixty or eighty kilowatt hour battery is

52:30

not the solution and we need to make

52:32

better use of these metals. We've

52:37

arrived at Lavonne's

52:39

workshop near Bordeaux. Super

52:42

lightness is not

52:44

the only innovation. Its inventors hope it will

52:46

also revolutionize the way we

52:48

make cars. The Kyzyl's

52:50

chassis is

52:52

so simple ten parts instead of the two hundred or so in a

52:54

normal car, you can bang it together

52:56

like LEGO in

52:58

micro factories. It's

53:00

only

53:00

four containers with some

53:02

tools but really small

53:04

tools and with some

53:08

compressed hair. and and that's it. And you can assemble cars. The

53:10

total cost of

53:11

a Gazelle microfactory three

53:13

hundred thousand euros These

53:15

cheap mobile factories will, level

53:18

hopes, bring car manufacturing to

53:20

rural areas and developing

53:22

countries. John Lawrence and

53:24

DW Bordeaux. And

53:24

we too have come to the end of our journey with you here

53:27

this week. Next week, we'll be

53:29

devoting a full half hour of inside

53:31

Europe to an on

53:34

the move special looking at the radical ways in which European

53:36

public transportation is being

53:38

reimagined. For now though, thanks

53:40

for listening. This program was

53:44

produced helan Sini with help from me, Kate Lekoc, and sound

53:46

engineer, Thomas Schmidt. Inside

53:48

Europe, comes to you

53:50

from DW In

53:52

Bond.