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How portable is DNA?

How portable is DNA?

Released Thursday, 8th February 2024
Good episode? Give it some love!
How portable is DNA?

How portable is DNA?

How portable is DNA?

How portable is DNA?

Thursday, 8th February 2024
Good episode? Give it some love!
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Episode Transcript

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0:01

This is I will we see from

0:04

global leader in Britain's conversation mystery are

0:06

with James O'brien three minutes off and

0:08

so I was a time explaining touchy

0:10

that I think I heard about this

0:12

recently joined a fairly show the answer

0:15

is biographer I know I find it

0:17

very hard every day I give it

0:19

a room tissue or the answer is

0:21

that lack of reportedly my may help

0:23

stave off. Alzheimer's

0:26

by but factor of about eighteen

0:28

percent and as an awful lot

0:31

of self, Appointed comedians out there today.

0:33

I can tell you keep be to this

0:35

gag by nanoseconds. The in a Bomb Us

0:37

says that's a hard one James Good idea

0:39

what the answer is. My personal favorite is

0:42

good luck running a double blind test on

0:44

that one says David in London So that

0:46

wasn't the placebo that. To

0:49

go, I work it out for minutes. Off

0:51

top is the time Mr. hours upon us

0:53

your weekly opportunity to achieve the sort of

0:55

satisfaction. Guys like a carry on film at

0:58

the moment, this program that sort of satisfaction

1:00

not ordinarily available anywhere else on. Your radio

1:02

dial it is is fairly straightforward and

1:04

these days cause there is a glorious

1:07

prize and the prize is a year's

1:09

supply of know the price his. Brand

1:12

spanking new Mr. Our board game. There's a

1:14

there's a booster pack coming later in the

1:17

that loads of people who ask me and

1:19

actually I was reminded this weekend last weekend

1:21

my gigging Wolverhampton. the you can we can

1:23

play the game without the board. You can

1:25

play the game just with the cards. Quite

1:27

a lot of people do. that is the

1:29

cards have got the guy anyway as. Fairly

1:32

straightforward explanation. You don't actually need to

1:34

use the board to keep the school.

1:36

You can just. Tally. Up the

1:39

card slot you would in a game of

1:41

cheat or something like that though. or but

1:43

organ lunar actually. anyway. anyway anyway anyway if

1:45

you make my favorite contribution of the day,

1:47

you will win a mystery our board game,

1:49

the full terms and conditions for that aura

1:51

Lbc.co.u K. And if you want to find

1:53

out more about the. Mystery

1:56

about going to go

1:58

to mysteryour.code.uk though. What is this?

2:00

If you need to this, you're in for a bit of a treat. May.

2:03

Sound a little ordinary, but am.

2:06

I told you didn't I was speaking

2:08

to students yesterday from from the Global

2:10

Academy which is one of the fantastic

2:12

car initiatives run by the people that

2:14

also run this radio station. And that

2:16

something very. It's almost like a vampire

2:18

in a room full of enthusiastic an

2:20

inquisitive young children is like you're sort

2:22

of feeding on their on their their

2:24

energy am by been really impressive young

2:26

people and their teacher Catherine was superb

2:28

as well but one of them was

2:31

a big fan. I'm Michelle and it

2:33

occurred to me. After the

2:35

session. That. He may not

2:37

have been born. When.

2:40

We did the first mister. I.

2:44

That really stop me and my tracks. Actually

2:46

I'm anna cause it may well apply to

2:48

you as well. You may have been here

2:50

since the beginning and I was speaking to

2:52

a lad yesterday. Hope. I

2:55

didn't think would have been born on with. but

2:57

anyway we digress. People

2:59

ring and requests is other people ring with else

3:01

has that's it. But trust me it's a lot

3:03

more fun than that sounds. Benzene Wix had been

3:05

question or answer. I have a question for you.

3:07

Have a sanitarium. What?

3:09

where l a city It was cold

3:11

restore electricity was discovered it is surely

3:13

they suggested that we wanna web elect

3:15

elect to the teacher was a legit

3:17

Benjamin Franklin. I don't know one of

3:19

these when I'm in Franklin at least

3:21

a couple have to d to tell

3:23

you the alerts it it was must

3:25

have been advance thousand the the is

3:27

is it would I Cope is is

3:29

a proper mystery. I mean I'd that

3:31

be millions. There's loads of stuff that

3:33

doesn't have a name. It was only

3:35

rarely saw a taxonomy and Darwin very

3:37

so of eighteenth nineteenth century. Enthusiasm to start

3:40

making lists of things and giving them all

3:42

names. On it

3:44

and it will and it would have been in a would you still

3:46

have known that it was. Stunning.

3:48

Say wouldn't a thing called the deal Is that

3:50

what you say? An oddity? It would have been

3:52

called any. So I mean, it's if or solar

3:54

think it's South American anyway. so it probably isn't

3:56

even called an eel in South America. Or.your

4:00

i's if I see what I mean of sin You

4:02

thought it was what. I. Saw initiatives

4:04

when the noise. Probably.

4:06

More I my favorite is the size

4:08

of France, a freshwater South American fish.

4:11

The Election: What we called an electric

4:13

eel that electrodes electrophoresis. Business.

4:16

And my dad had that. Now know

4:18

a definitely not electrophoresis. use his via

4:20

technical to electrophoresis. Corrects actually someone what

4:22

would it have been Cole's mom? the

4:24

as A now on the about the

4:26

already been devoted about come from what

4:28

you quote was a conga real cold

4:30

before we discovered the Colorado. the if

4:32

you touch the com the real it's

4:34

not gonna do something g that surely

4:36

people had know what came first the

4:39

cookie not a conga real his name

4:41

the Congo because they follow each other

4:43

around the say. Out

4:45

in my that I've ever dated code

4:47

I so what what came first the

4:49

the dance the conga or the name

4:51

the conga ill because it does the

4:54

conga through the see the see a

4:56

na cl less affair point ability to

4:58

so early tomorrow they will become a

5:00

do do do you can do to.

5:03

Start. Now as expected me to die

5:05

that unknown ally. That's no, I can't send

5:07

you out into the world thinking that's true.

5:09

but that's not where the Congo reopen is.

5:11

Ah God Nasa you pull toward mom's was

5:13

install a. Delay. To

5:15

kill was lunges dancing. Destroy. It was the

5:17

Electric Eel classic. You're probably right. but if

5:19

anyone knows I should give you the money

5:22

myself. I don't know, I don't have what

5:24

we shouldn't have corrected. That said we might

5:26

receipt of his let that go in and

5:28

waited rubbish and somewhere will be sitting somewhere

5:30

with someone and say tonight a Kong real

5:32

got it's name and someone would say goods

5:34

is because all the continental follow each other.

5:36

Rise is always good at i'm semi was

5:38

I heard of in embarrassed I want seats

5:40

are but seats on it would be halfway

5:42

around the world. Oil over ssl that the

5:44

largest upset why. For his troops y va just

5:46

made it out but is actually the real reason

5:48

Marco know what's going to not whether the way

5:51

com and gonna be like watching fox news. They

5:54

must be pissed I said i must be

5:56

or sisters I don't know the answer to

5:58

the conga rail and religion. It can only

6:00

answer the electric eel. Thank you for

6:02

that. I'd be amazed if anyone does or indeed

6:05

if there is an answer to it I don't

6:07

know. Maybe we shall find out Nine

6:09

nine minutes after 12 is a time. Mark's in

6:12

Bromley. Mark question or answer? Question

6:15

James carry on mate Okay,

6:17

i've reached an age now where a lot

6:19

of my friends are having various bits of

6:21

iron lungery added to their bodies Yes Bit

6:25

replacements and gold teeth and things like

6:27

that What I want to

6:29

know is when they sadly pass on and

6:32

they're cremated What happens

6:34

to those various bits of metal? That

6:37

will undoubtedly be left in the uh

6:39

crematorium. It's a bit morbid, isn't it?

6:42

It's very very morbid indeed, but it's been

6:44

troubling me. Yeah, I can see why I

6:46

can see the gold teeth Which

6:49

well, yeah, it's gotta yeah, it's gotta be

6:51

a you know, someone's making a quick Times

6:53

are hard are they Mark? Well,

6:55

not that i'm not that desperate

6:57

yet Yeah,

7:01

I mean kike I've got a vague

7:03

something Somewhat

7:05

I think I think someone told me they'd kept

7:07

a knee or a hip. I could

7:09

be completely making it up To

7:11

keep them, but what happens is they just you

7:14

know, they just gather So they end

7:16

up in someone's ear and on a mantelpiece somewhere You

7:18

wouldn't know you wouldn't be able to fit a hip

7:20

in an urn, would you? I'll

7:22

come home. I don't they're quite a big bit. It's

7:24

quite a big bit What

7:28

happens to the stuff that doesn't doesn't Burn

7:31

yeah, yeah, the stuff that doesn't burn. Okay

7:34

Thank you mark. I mean kike is all

7:37

human life and indeed Water

7:40

life what's the first sea water water life? Aqui

7:43

marine all marine life all human life

7:45

and indeed all marine life is here

7:48

Thank you. I saw so too peter's in wigan

7:50

peter question or answer. It's a

7:52

question. Carry on Why are

7:55

the numbers on a dartboard in the order that they're

7:57

in? I knew decided Um,

7:59

it is It is actually quite a careful

8:02

calculation about

8:04

the highest number

8:07

has, the one is next to

8:09

the 20, isn't it? Yeah. Is the

8:11

two next to the 19? I don't

8:15

think it is. What's the next two? I

8:18

think it's as close to the three. The three, the

8:20

19 is next to the three, the two is next

8:23

to the 17. I'm not going to

8:25

get this right, I don't think, but it

8:29

is to make it, the

8:31

higher the one you're going for, the

8:34

less, if you miss by a bit, the lower the

8:36

score will be. Do you see what I mean? So

8:39

if you go for 18, it's going

8:41

to be one and four, isn't it, on

8:44

either side? So by the time

8:46

you get down to something like 14, there's

8:49

not any really low numbers left. So 14

8:51

sits between 11 and 8 or

8:54

11 and 9. I

8:57

can't quite see the board in my

8:59

mind's eye. So that's the answer, broadly

9:01

speaking, but that's not the mathematical equation

9:04

you're looking for, isn't it? No.

9:07

All right, mate. You could have said yes. So

9:11

17 and 19 for the three, that kind of proves

9:13

my point. So if you miss

9:15

a three, if you're aiming for a three, you're going to hit

9:17

a big one. If you're aiming for a big one, you're

9:19

going to hit a small one. But I don't know how

9:21

they finally calculate. I shall find out for you, Peter. OK.

9:24

They might be in the board game, that one. I'm

9:26

sure it's come up before. But if I can't remember

9:28

the answer, then it never happened. 12, 12 is the

9:30

time. Simon's in Southampton.

9:32

Simon, question or answer? Question

9:35

please. Carry on. If the

9:37

source of a river is a trickle

9:39

of the spring and the

9:41

mouth of the river where it joins the sea

9:43

is like massive,

9:46

where does all the water come from? Because

9:48

surely, well, because a trickle is not providing

9:51

that volume of water, is it? Well,

9:53

it depends. If it never ends. True.

9:57

But it's always running, isn't it? ending

10:00

trick. It's always running

10:02

isn't it? Yeah but

10:04

the the trickle

10:07

creates a channel through

10:09

erosion. You need more

10:11

water to fill it. Where's the water coming from?

10:13

The sky mate, the sky. Well

10:18

you could be right. I am right because water

10:20

will always find its way to the lowest point

10:22

won't it? It will always cut and it will

10:24

cut a channel there and into that lowest point

10:26

all the rainwater will where once it

10:28

may have just sort of absorbed

10:31

blanket like into the earth now it's

10:33

concentrated into a channel and and then

10:35

it starts expanding again and the river

10:37

gets bigger and bigger. Yeah

10:39

but when you only notice that when it's

10:41

like a massive storm. Where else would the

10:43

water come from? If I'm wrong where else

10:45

would the water come from? Think of a

10:48

hose pipe James. I am. If you start

10:53

running a hose pipe at the top of a hill.

10:55

Yeah. When that water gets to

10:58

the bottom of the hill. Yeah. Providing the

11:00

hose, providing you run the hose constantly.

11:02

Yeah. You're gonna have exactly the same

11:06

volume of water at the bottom as you do at

11:08

the top. Yeah. Right so

11:10

at some point there has to

11:12

be other sources

11:15

or other. There is

11:17

the bloody sky. All

11:19

the rain, all the water,

11:21

all the water, all

11:24

the water, all the water

11:26

in that area, all the

11:28

other rivers, they're all heading

11:30

down to the bottomest river.

11:32

Okay. The lowest water course

11:34

will be the biggest. Think

11:37

of all the tributaries of the Thames, the

11:39

Brent and all the

11:41

other ones. Yeah. I kind of get what

11:44

you're saying. I'm not taking a round of

11:46

applause. I'm not having an unsatisfied customer. Thank

11:48

you James. You're very welcome Simon. The

11:50

source, where does all the other water come from?

11:52

If it doesn't. What you mentioned hose pipes. Come

11:54

back a minute. You told me to think of

11:56

a hose pipe. Has he gone? He's gone. Don't

11:58

worry. Don't ring him back. It's not that good. I've

12:01

got one of those hose pipes on

12:03

the rotor. You

12:05

know the ones that, Simon, you told me to think of a hose

12:07

pipe. I can't get it out of my head now. The

12:11

thing goes, and

12:13

what, I've had builders in,

12:15

right, and they've borrowed my hose pipe, and what

12:18

they've done, they've

12:20

detached the, I've

12:22

got to explain this right. You know the thing, what's it

12:25

called, the thing? No, not

12:27

the hose pipe, Keith. The thing that you wrap it around.

12:29

It's like it's got on a thing. It's

12:31

a thing thing. Like a spool. A spool's a good

12:33

word. Like a big spool. You know the ones I

12:36

mean. Like you, so you can roll it in when

12:38

it's finished, like that. But the spool

12:40

has another hose coming out of it, doesn't

12:42

it? So the spool goes to the tap,

12:45

and then inside the spool, there

12:48

is another passage of, which goes

12:50

into the hose. And

12:53

they've detached the hose from the spool, so

12:56

that they could just use it without the spool. I don't

12:58

know why. I wish they'd asked. And

13:01

I can't get it back on for love all my,

13:03

it's like I need to have, tiny,

13:05

tiny little hands. I need to borrow

13:08

Donald Trump to fix my hose pipe.

13:10

I cannot get, is there a knack to it? This

13:13

is not the best mystery hour question you're ever going

13:15

to hear, but it's my show and

13:17

my rules. Is that, what do you

13:19

do if you can't get your

13:22

hose attached to

13:24

your spool again after a

13:26

builder has removed it and tried to

13:28

cover up the fact by re-spooling

13:31

the hose so that when I turn the hose

13:33

on the other day, it

13:35

just went everywhere from

13:37

the thing. I like to

13:39

think the pictures are better on the radio, but

13:43

I acknowledge there are exceptions to that rule. 20

13:46

after 12 is the time. Mystery hour is upon

13:48

us. What was an electric eel called before we

13:50

discovered electricity? I

13:53

Don't write the questions. I Just ask them.

13:55

What Happens to the things that don't burn

13:57

after a cremation? Why is the dartboard arranged?

14:00

That is numerically as a Ray Liotta

14:02

waiting there for Salute Littler if earrings

14:04

in. And it was. I think this

14:06

is obvious. Simon the Us off my

14:08

son stand. Now, where does all the

14:10

water in a river come from? Given

14:12

that the source of the river is

14:14

usually just a tiny little springle something.

14:19

Carter success an old one night so I didn't

14:21

even notice It's a dice times writes Howard and

14:23

he the I love you I listen to your

14:25

so every day and I've read all of your

14:27

books by your indigest in today's really disturbing. Of.

14:31

As I'm is a type I'm I'm in

14:33

gurgling. Have a case more than usual today.

14:35

You have you noticed. Got. A new

14:37

smoothie on the go. Like a goddess of I

14:39

have made a nice me the goes interfere in

14:41

it but I haven't have you noticed any gurgling

14:43

today. Other actors he has been any was unusual

14:45

how it i might be a radio you might

14:47

need to adjust your radio my oh your headphones

14:49

my Annabel water in the speaker or something. Else

14:52

on the Isle of Dogs although it says here they

14:54

all have don't. To.

14:56

Bother it is the on a dog sometimes.

14:59

Definitely. toro. Delegates. Will not let

15:01

us bring some. Saw a breaks it down there and

15:03

it's now. They all have dug I don't know what

15:05

question to answer and. Edge. On such

15:08

sorry answer. Today, What

15:10

happens to metal when you're trying to light

15:12

it? Yes, I you are some I did.

15:14

You come out of the promoter as a

15:16

large trust. Which they

15:18

chose into machine called a Memory

15:20

The Treadmill Light asked that those

15:23

your ram breaks you down into

15:25

the ashes. okay. They. Then

15:27

let let let us said as she is or

15:29

levels of it's a better which then go to

15:31

metal reclaim as a melted down and we used

15:33

to load. Of. Let's shoot a

15:35

box when you when you're arranging a

15:37

general which says you want these things

15:39

back and watched I shall have the

15:42

much qualifications. Is let's see

15:44

what are actor and how often did people

15:46

request to have the things like a a

15:48

metal hit returned a D V D it.

15:50

I did it during the pandemic and I

15:53

never had anyone wanted to let right. So

15:55

there it is and then it just goes

15:57

to have a bummer to resurrect a mercenary.

16:00

No real return. The judge and select

16:02

lucky recipients were you live in the

16:04

Ah round of applause Who. I've.

16:07

Known as I see them off on that

16:09

we corrected You have a record their to

16:11

reflect the fact that the on of dogs

16:13

is definitely plural. Changes.

16:15

In Technol in Dorset. Jared Kushner

16:18

Answer a question time. Again,

16:20

would you like the bonfire and or ecologically

16:22

annulment? Do that now. But sometimes you have

16:24

to burn some bits of wood. And yes

16:26

of course. But yes, even on still day,

16:28

the smoke always seems to follow you around

16:30

when you're taking it. and. I'm

16:32

not even a Cb down in flames and I'm

16:35

gonna. I just. Wondered.

16:37

Whether there was an answer to them? And

16:39

seats. Are you sure it's not fun

16:41

isn't it? Just very smokey. ten minutes not

16:44

specifically following you around you to. I talked

16:46

to friends about it like the yeah with

16:48

it seems to fully rounds. It's just I

16:50

wonder whether they would you like a promotion

16:52

standing anywhere else except where you're standing. So

16:54

if he was standing anywhere else that was

16:56

equally near to the fire you would be

16:59

just as monkey. But you think that it's

17:01

just where you are because it's the only

17:03

place in which you're standing. Soulless? No, no,

17:05

because it you can see the plume of

17:07

smoke coming towards it. But whoop is when.

17:09

I honestly it's. Really weird for like you're

17:11

a smart magnet. It. Will Eat is

17:14

just what your stacey and they're. Like

17:16

coming out in a small becomes towards use it

17:18

always seems to come towards the leading would use

17:20

if you want round the it just seems to

17:22

compose the i know what you're saying that it

17:24

could be around it but it's not around and

17:27

say other that's Mike's they're all right. Well I

17:29

mean first of all. The parameters

17:31

requested need to be true but if they

17:33

are a type of the question is not

17:35

why to smuggle in your eyes. The question

17:37

is why the side follow you around a

17:40

bonfire of the lititz. Yeah I

17:42

know that I've been agonizing about often use

17:44

it's fuss about our and months of i

17:46

saw or I'm glad you did. A good

17:48

such a steep equivalent of my way buddies

17:50

and what if is nigh have How good

17:52

are you going to feel Such nothing to

17:54

get a feel fantastic and I'm gonna be

17:56

the one with ago my face of smoking

17:58

mice. Thank you James. If

18:01

you know the answer that you know what to do. Roisin

18:03

Hornets and Roy Question or answer. This

18:05

question james say doing today very well. And

18:08

the question is are to see say come back

18:10

to the to my son in them state so

18:12

yes whereby he was it. In time to

18:15

in Florida. So lovely! It

18:17

well it was other use, a beautiful

18:19

tone and. A Domino's

18:21

at all denominations over echelon ones

18:23

are hundreds. Money was over same

18:25

songs you. Said. I'm a

18:27

Christmas had a blind people know what

18:30

they're playing with in and what the

18:32

from outside as excited shut shut my

18:34

eyes that of little play with the

18:36

notes but the to make a difference

18:38

here I sing and I don't think

18:41

I'll take the. Answer.

18:43

For this. Ago.

18:46

I think that it is simply.

18:49

A question of. Ordering them

18:52

with with the help of the cited person

18:54

so that you know in your pocket was

18:56

as the from rivalry back of the night

18:58

of the money clip I got a feeling

19:00

that some countries may have. Small.

19:02

Indentations on the dunno why of coughing the

19:04

rupee. The Indian rupee may have small indentations

19:06

on a bus or banknotes don't and American

19:09

bank I certainly don't buy think that that

19:11

is it a society old answer, but in

19:13

a way, once you've eliminated the impossible wherever

19:15

you are left with however online, he must

19:17

be the truth. I think people just. Rely

19:21

on. The

19:23

goodwill of us are is the that transacting

19:25

with and also the help of people who.

19:29

That. Death dying on know. Our

19:32

our put it on the boat or put it on the

19:35

board of a guy because there is a thing as a

19:37

little bit more to it with the with the new tennis.

19:39

I think we've had this before, but you can sell Roy

19:41

that my memory is not twenty twenty. Or

19:43

less maybe these i good as

19:45

yet of signs that point eight

19:48

that find tasted shake that gets

19:50

ah Rachels in Coventry right to

19:52

question or answer their questions is

19:54

carry on. And

19:56

the here to when you tweet when you act sales

19:58

say say say saw. Hw. The

20:00

combat. Warm at but when you add

20:02

blow or as I say.who hates

20:04

to blow Air Cooling. Off

20:07

with your numbers! Were having a bit of a

20:09

Greatest Hits today. He's played the Bulls lately them

20:11

you may have to answer almost every question we've

20:13

had to. I saw. Is my Dad success? The

20:16

Sessions. With us I'm trying to get it

20:18

is because I know this is in the

20:20

it's is slight wind chill factor so it's

20:22

not necessarily. Cold is the fact

20:24

that when it hits your skin. Is.

20:29

I. Mean is it was the. Source that

20:32

blowing out. You're. Pulling it

20:34

down because the seats. Know is is

20:36

about what happens when it hits your skin

20:38

is now and it's withdrawing the warm from

20:40

your skin. Like a new audience

20:42

has is called Now I'm telling you because his.

20:45

Concentration. it's slice off. I sit around

20:48

and he swore that if you'll you'll

20:50

focuses on someone's home. I can't Quite

20:52

remarkable. not very good at this kind

20:55

of stuff. It's physics probably as its

20:57

that says to do with the wind

20:59

chill factor and the and the and

21:01

them the the that. The

21:04

the, but I'm willing to give up Finance

21:06

says what's happening to your skin more than

21:08

what's coming out of your mouth. A

21:11

choice. And

21:13

know insisted know you might I. Am in

21:16

Salford. I just I got a difficult subject

21:18

nation them. Around with us fine or

21:20

put it on the ball sized hole

21:22

to versus how at times and someone

21:24

the wow this is pathetic or must

21:26

have done that twenty times over the

21:29

years and this comes a point where

21:31

you wonder whether my services for our

21:33

amusement rather than our education as he

21:35

can't remember any of the answers. Spanky

21:37

right? So ah mentally is in will

21:40

mentally question or answer. Or

21:42

simply don't carry on. Sudden.

21:45

So I wanted to know where that.

21:47

Well as original. Place.

21:49

To tell adults and

21:51

cent. Said. Very

21:53

bad phone line and he robbed me of

21:56

the opportunity to my my own viagras jokes.

21:58

For the question I think here. When

22:00

did that was? when did dogs become known

22:02

as man's best friend. Alex.

22:05

An image. That. That, yes I can,

22:07

but you do that. That's what you're asking.

22:09

When did we start calling dogs man's best

22:11

friend? That has nothing to lie in terms

22:13

of animals obvious to but if it is

22:16

intended for use with a thing to humanity.

22:18

But yeah I mean I guess the don't

22:20

really keep a horse is a pat. Com.

22:23

O though because the banshees have insurance

22:25

or of splendid film gives gives an

22:27

exception to that rule by the I

22:29

did you know the hosts are not

22:31

Dogs were working oh it when we

22:34

first domesticated them to me they have

22:36

largely been kept for com phone company

22:38

as opposed to the. Purpose.

22:41

That they serve you don't need I have a pet

22:43

horse. Don't lie to me. no one's cop or. Even

22:46

if you think is a pet either right? A

22:48

dog around the garden the in a way that

22:50

you do a horse thank you. What? Why? Why

22:52

is it? I mean who would Who else I?

22:54

we are not cow business guy a man might

22:56

be a cast best friend back. I ain't no

22:59

man's best friend. This isn't What else would you

23:01

put? Web is not law competition really. but where

23:03

does it come from The phrase man's best friend

23:05

the like that or three four five six oh

23:07

six oh nine seven three Caught lot to get

23:09

rid of Mr Coupler names of the less power

23:11

day without. Keith and I will consult in there

23:13

and the news bulletin so we go to many.

23:16

Or should we go to him he what he thing

23:18

service as Cisco the news has away Amelia causes him

23:20

out with your niece had like. Mistress

23:23

on Lbc. James Cole Two Three

23:25

Four Five Six, Oh no Nine.

23:28

Someone source this thirty three minutes

23:30

after it's however, Electric Eels called

23:33

before we discovered electricity. Why? The

23:35

numbers on a dashboard arranged in

23:37

the way that they are. Where

23:41

does all the water in a river come from? Given that

23:43

the source of the river is usually a sort of little

23:45

spring at the top of a hill, Why

23:48

does smoke seem to follow you

23:50

around when you lighthouse? Okay bonfire.

23:52

If indeed it does as times

23:55

is assess how do. Partially.

23:57

Sighted Or Blind people? Particularly in America?

23:59

That's the crucial element of this question.

24:01

Were all banknotes seem to be the

24:04

same? How do they distinguish between banknotes?

24:07

Why does air coming out of your

24:09

mouse and director that your hand sale

24:11

cold when you post your lips and

24:13

blow but feel warm when you open

24:16

your mouth widely and say ah. Has

24:19

some Rachel. I'm mentally wants

24:21

to know when dogs first became known as man's

24:23

best friend. Is quite

24:25

a lot going on. There isn't that are

24:27

many. Isn't Cranbrook many? Question or answer. Well

24:30

as got actually an outsider. Question

24:33

version of the nicely own Little cleared

24:35

it with the producer. Oh

24:37

no I haven't. When I I've got a question

24:39

then I heard know that the ancient. About

24:41

some ah don't blow many are you

24:44

will be usually you will be exile

24:46

be cancelled you be canceled his yeah

24:48

you've heard about the culture they were.

24:50

It gets real see that only the

24:53

question a d zero rest okay sorry

24:55

about that outside hundred front of the

24:57

new. Psyche. Psyche in a

25:00

wherever we go we leave

25:02

Dna. That case I'd shoot

25:04

outs sweat out. Good. Job

25:06

citing skins. Setting

25:09

Skyn Exactly Exactly. Hm we

25:11

leave. We. Leave Dna everywhere.

25:13

As nice. Exactly.

25:16

Ah be sweats.

25:18

Royals turn to preach so

25:20

enjoy the on screen on

25:22

this. Week Street

25:25

Dna everywhere. Okay, Though.

25:28

Someone. Is some. We

25:30

go to a place we leave out

25:32

the in a that can someone then

25:34

go to that place and. That.

25:37

See in a is to answer to that

25:39

they touch the same thing you've touched or

25:42

they see on the same thing he said

25:44

or a brush up the gun it get

25:46

something that you've pressed they've got their your

25:48

dna on men can they then transfer it's

25:51

with different place. And then

25:53

put it either like they then such

25:55

something old brushed against something next. Still,

25:57

Dna is in a place you've never

25:59

fade. What if a crime takes

26:01

place in that place? Like, do

26:03

you know what I mean? I do, yeah. Mini. Yeah.

26:08

What are you planning? Oh,

26:11

no, no, no. No,

26:14

it's just a complete, perfectly natural laugh

26:17

that you did there, Mini, wasn't it? Oh,

26:20

yes, that's a very innocent sounding laugh that we're... I'm

26:22

not worried about things like that at all. No, no,

26:24

no, no. What have you done, then? What have you

26:26

done? It's not what are you planning. What have you

26:29

done? What have you done? Go

26:31

on, tell me. No one's listening. No,

26:33

no, it actually comes from a crime

26:35

show I saw on television where someone

26:37

got in trouble and they didn't do the

26:39

crime, but their DNA was at the scene.

26:42

Your honour. And I just want to know,

26:44

like, the police, DNA swab, especially if

26:46

it's a serious crime, and even a

26:48

relative... Yeah, of course you can. Of course you can.

26:50

Yes. Yeah, even a relative that

26:52

has been... I can pick up a hair. I mean,

26:54

just think of a hair. I can pick up one of your hairs

26:56

and drop it at the scene of the crime

26:59

where I've murdered someone. No, no, I'm talking,

27:01

like, not an object. No,

27:03

I know. You're just talking about a smaller

27:05

thing than a hair. Anything

27:08

that contains your DNA is

27:10

mobile and portable. Well, how long

27:12

does it last? Well, that's not what you ask.

27:14

Also, what are you planning? I'm

27:16

not planning anything. Why do you need to know how long it

27:18

lasts? It's

27:22

a worry. Yeah, you're telling me it's a worry. We might

27:24

have to keep a record of this call for Special Brand.

27:29

No, I'm not planning any crime. I'm just

27:31

saying I have a thing

27:34

about it. I think is

27:37

my DNA somewhere? Yes, definitely. I

27:40

have read more crime fiction than you have. I

27:44

don't really want the true crime stuff

27:46

on the telly, but yes, definitely. If you think

27:48

of a little piece of skin or

27:50

a bit of saliva or whatever it is, just think

27:52

of it as if you thought of a hair before

27:54

you rang in, and you probably wouldn't have rung in,

27:56

would you? Because a hair so

27:58

obviously can be charged. transferred from one place

28:01

to the other. Obviously, but after a while that

28:03

hair is going to be... No, no, no, no,

28:05

that's your second not allowed bit of the question.

28:07

You didn't ask about it wearing off. I'm

28:09

talking about fingerprints and DNA. Yeah,

28:12

I know. Hair is DNA. Hair is

28:14

the DNA in the hair that would allow them

28:16

to... Yes, I know, but

28:19

it's the same. It's the same. Right.

28:22

There is DNA in your hair that

28:25

they would use to establish that you

28:27

had been somewhere, but they can't establish

28:29

it conclusively because someone... Your

28:32

hair could have stuck to someone's coat. So

28:34

that's how... I mean, they also... Well,

28:36

look, the obvious answer to your question actually, which I should have

28:38

realized sooner, is how the heck do you think they catch

28:40

people for murders 30 years after they happened?

28:43

Answer because they find DNA on the clothes that

28:46

matches the murderer, even though it's now in a lab and

28:49

has been for 30 years. So the DNA

28:51

has moved from the crime scene to the lab. See?

28:54

It had to be meticulously kept. Yes, all of that.

28:56

But it's still... Your question was, is it mobile?

28:58

And the answer is yes. Okay, thank you.

29:01

Thank you. Round of applause for me.

29:04

In fact, too, because that was like pulling teeth,

29:07

which also can be moved from the scene of a

29:09

crime to elsewhere quite

29:11

easily. Andy's in Tunbridge. Andy,

29:13

question or answer? Afternoon, James. The

29:17

answer to your questions about rivers

29:20

and contribution of the

29:22

water that gets into it. Yeah.

29:25

So there's kind of two elements to

29:27

this really. One is the contribution of

29:29

groundwater, and one is the contribution of

29:31

the broader catchment. So on

29:34

the groundwater side of things,

29:36

in Southeast England, you have

29:39

permeable rocks like chalk. Chalk

29:42

is a really important element in this because

29:44

it is a source of where water is

29:46

held and it can be kept there

29:48

for months through the summer. So

29:50

then at the spring line at the

29:53

impermeable rock, the water then starts being

29:55

emitted back into the river system all

29:57

through the year. But it's a slightly

29:59

different. in the case of, say, the

30:01

Lake District where you've got impermeable rocks,

30:03

but the sheer amount of water that

30:06

you get because of the high rainfall

30:08

totals means that there's always water contributing

30:10

to those catchments anyway, and you've got

30:12

glacial deposits which help to kind of

30:15

keep the lakes themselves in

30:17

place. So

30:19

that's part of it. That's called

30:21

the base flow element of our

30:23

river systems. In

30:26

some amounts when it becomes very

30:28

dry, you do sometimes see rivers

30:30

starting to dry out. You

30:33

do? So the other element of this is

30:35

the broader catchment itself. So even

30:38

something like the Thames isn't just

30:40

one river water course. There

30:42

are hundreds potentially of other

30:45

smaller tributaries which... Like the

30:47

Brent and the Fleece? Yes.

30:50

The Tyburn, is the Tyburn a river? I

30:53

think so. The Kennet, the

30:55

Coles, the Chet... All of that.

30:58

All of that. So they all contribute

31:00

to the broader Thames catchment. So

31:02

when you get heavy rain which usually falls on the

31:05

higher ground, you tend to

31:07

find all those small contributing rivers

31:09

all then coalesce to form a much bigger

31:11

river in the centre which then runs out

31:13

towards the sea. And that's the water cycle,

31:16

as you say. The

31:18

major answer is it comes from the sky and some of it

31:20

comes from the ground, but the stuff in the ground was once

31:22

in the sky. Yes, and it's held

31:25

up in soil as well. It's all good.

31:27

You've done it. I mean

31:29

it wasn't... I felt we were quite generous

31:31

allowing Simon's question to stand because the source

31:33

of his confusion seemed to be more

31:36

of a him thing than a we thing,

31:38

didn't it? But what are reminders of your

31:40

qualifications, Andy? I work for the

31:42

Environment Agency. I manage it on

31:44

duty at the moment as a flood warning duty officer.

31:46

What happens if there's a bloody flood and you're on

31:48

the bloody radio? Well, yes. I'm probably

31:51

going to be issuing flood alerts later today

31:53

actually. Really? What

31:56

about? Don't tell us. You might get into trouble.

31:58

What if there's not a flood? No, it's fine. the

32:00

Mole in South London. And

32:03

you think there's going to be a flood? No,

32:05

not warning. Well mate,

32:07

you're flooding your mind

32:10

up. Just

32:12

to what we call a level of messages that we send

32:17

out when we expect our bank flow. Well

32:19

good luck, keep them peeled. Round of applause

32:23

for Andy please. Thank

32:25

you. Thank you Andy. We should have a Premier

32:27

League of Mysteries. We should have a Premier League

32:29

of Mystery Eye contributors, shouldn't we? Andy

32:31

would be very much in it. Ruth in

32:33

Toronto. Ruth, question or answer? It's

32:36

an answer sir. It's good to talk

32:38

to you. I

32:41

am blind so that's my qualification but there's a

32:43

lot of blind people so I

32:45

don't get a radiola. The

32:50

money in the United

32:52

States is not only all the

32:54

same size but it's all the same color.

32:57

So if a person with visual impairment could

32:59

see color that doesn't help them either. Whereas

33:01

in Canada our money is all the same

33:03

size but it's a different color and we

33:06

have braille on our money which the American

33:08

blind people lament because they do not. So

33:11

here what they sometimes do is they'll fold the

33:13

money in a certain way, the ones

33:15

or the fives or the tens in certain ways

33:17

to keep it in their pocket so they know

33:20

what's what. But in order to but

33:22

then you have to trust the person who's given

33:24

it to you to tell you that they are honest in what

33:26

they're giving you. Now there is

33:29

a little machine that they can get which is slightly

33:31

bigger than the dollar bill and about an inch thick

33:33

and they can put it in and it will push

33:35

a button and it will identify the

33:38

money and believe it or not that machine

33:40

is made by the Canadian government for the

33:42

American money system. And then

33:44

all the other thing though which is

33:46

much handier now is there's apps on

33:48

the phone, there's an app called Be

33:51

My Eyes which every visually paired blind person

33:53

should have because it does a lot more than

33:55

that. And so there's different apps but it's really...

34:00

It's rather cumbersome and

34:03

unpleasant to have to be pulling your phone out

34:05

and checking every bill when you're standing at the

34:08

cash in the... But better than being

34:10

ripped off or handing over a hundred for

34:12

a 90 cent purchase

34:15

and getting 10 cents back. That's absolutely for certain

34:17

but that's the answer. Ruth, that is

34:19

perfect and you've already established your credentials so

34:21

please exit. Yes, I have logged

34:23

60 years of League of Blinds. Well there you

34:26

go. A round of applause at least. Thank

34:28

you. Thank you. Thank

34:30

you. We'll talk again. Coming out to quarter tour,

34:32

squeeze in one more. John's in... I've

34:35

got to tell you, judging by my inbox which I can't

34:37

consult on air, I

34:39

can't read it out because it's not allowed, I

34:42

think James' question about the smoke was a good question

34:44

actually. I hope we have time for an answer. John's

34:47

in Newry in Northern Ireland. John, question or answer? Question

34:51

James. Yes. The

34:53

question is, it seems a bit callous

34:55

compared to when your man's talking about dogs. Go

34:57

on. He's a nice friend but

35:00

anyway, when you get a mad dog right

35:02

and you attack somebody and the

35:04

tweets come and shoot them or whatever, why

35:06

do they always say the dog was

35:09

destroyed? I'm not killed. The

35:11

dog was killed at the scene. Yes,

35:14

if you drop a ghost paint

35:17

over a wedding dress, it's destroyed or you fire

35:19

a missile at a building, it's destroyed. Destroyed,

35:22

destroy a dog at the scene. The dogs were

35:24

destroyed at the scene. You're absolutely right. I don't...

35:27

I have no idea. It

35:30

just always seems the only thing we use in

35:32

connection with dogs. You know, if a polar bear

35:34

attacks somebody, some scientist or something to shoot at,

35:36

right? But a dog... We

35:38

don't know that, John. I can't really... No,

35:40

seriously, I think if a lion escaped from

35:42

a zoo and then got... I

35:45

think they might say on the news a lion was destroyed.

35:48

Would they? I don't know. I've never heard that. No, no,

35:50

no, but when's the last time you heard of a lion

35:52

escaping from the zoo? Thankfully,

35:55

no. That's

35:58

not a temp thing, eh? bad

36:00

stuff in the world going on without us

36:02

accidentally jinxing an escape line. Okay,

36:04

I like it. It may be too late in

36:06

the day but if anybody listening knows the answer.

36:08

In fact, I think we can probably remove all questions

36:10

now from the board, focus

36:13

exclusively on answers and try and rattle

36:15

through what remains in the time

36:17

that is left to us. You are listening to

36:19

James O'Brien on LBC. It is 1246. It

36:23

is 1249. Lots of answers coming in via text. I do

36:25

wish I could share them with you but

36:28

I can't. Them's

36:33

the rules. Yarrick is in Orpington.

36:35

Yarrick, question or answer? It's

36:37

answered, James. First of all, very nice to be on

36:40

your show. I love your programs. Very kind. What a

36:42

lovely thing to say. Let's go. It's

36:45

true. So regarding the air, if

36:48

you blow the air through your purse's lips, you

36:50

are increasing its speed velocity and in

36:53

that way you are decreasing its temperature

36:55

felt on the hands. It

36:58

is the physics laws

37:00

regarding the gas flow.

37:03

When you are blowing through your open

37:05

mouth, you are blowing the air at

37:07

much, much lower speed and

37:09

the air comes out from your lungs which

37:12

is heated up by circulating blood. Because

37:15

your extremities, your hands, your

37:18

feet are on average slightly

37:20

colder than the inside of your

37:22

body, then you perceive the temperature

37:24

which is coming from within your body is

37:26

slightly warmer. So that's why we are blowing

37:29

on our hands through the open mouth when

37:31

we want to warm up. It's

37:34

got nothing to do with taking the

37:36

heat out of your hand. No,

37:39

no, no, no. Are you sure? To do with

37:41

the, yeah, I'm sure. It's to do with the

37:43

temperature of the air. One time

37:45

it's decreased by the quick flow through the

37:48

purse's lips and then the other time when

37:50

you open through your mouth. Hang on, what

37:52

are your qualifications? I'm

37:54

an emergency medicine doctor, so human

37:57

physiology. No,

37:59

I'm not arguing. We're about. this is another though

38:01

you are no no no always on know

38:03

I know it's own on. never argue unless

38:05

it's absolutely necessary are you know this but

38:07

I found myself as an even all humanities

38:10

i agree I should can be around of

38:12

applause I regard for narrow face wanted to

38:14

do that here kindly and will speak again.

38:16

I'll afford to stay since has to stay

38:18

press nonsense. His sons

38:20

name's the various bonfires yes. Bright

38:23

so is it Sensible far in the middle

38:25

the field business in around it on a

38:28

busy still day here as it burns it's

38:30

join in. Told him at the bottom this

38:32

heat social from that products from Boston ago

38:34

know that precursor a school may rise in.

38:36

If you can stand near it. That.

38:38

Imagine the cleaning would civil air coming from

38:40

every direction. Your mouse interferes with a portion

38:43

of only crazy the vortex you and and

38:45

I cease being create if you're an ad

38:47

damn. Yes, exactly

38:49

that So intent was to be stiller. It

38:51

does happen if you were that someone is

38:54

my around our i was in smoky or

38:56

courtier follows you be. Yes, Even

38:58

stance or else is going on a

39:00

minute a little. Saw him see I

39:02

said to james imagine if this turns

39:04

out to be scientifically insisting you are

39:06

gonna feel fantastic. Amazes the area right

39:08

now thanks to you feeling fantastic. Savvy.

39:11

Than nothing else valley. Today you've done

39:13

that. Okay well

39:15

given I guess what qualifications to die soon

39:17

as they said well to to cause get

39:19

warm I ask my dad this at bonfire

39:22

night about money some day or mosquitoes old

39:24

and what I'm going to work this out.

39:26

We sat down piece by from whipped out

39:28

mass more Sixty six teacher equally as I

39:30

as and then about three years ago has

39:32

gone have shown you to do some safety

39:34

train of thought which is firefight in the

39:36

firemen Honest honest in the same question the

39:39

ghosts yeah, Concerned Streams Asylum and James he's

39:41

to protect. Us triple checked

39:43

it propulsively the most extraordinary collection of

39:45

qualifications with of adam. Lanza

39:48

Sunday. What the use of tonight

39:50

on going to that so at

39:52

a time around us. All Saints

39:54

much beautifully five Amazon Ipswich I'm

39:56

across nonsense. Unsanitary

39:59

on. I. I'm

40:01

going to sound familiar with the moment I signed

40:03

up presented like hopefully or tweaked my she arrives.

40:05

Hello James on the bit nervous or was. It

40:10

is to. Assaults

40:12

to.vote Yes. On line. Gamelin

40:14

in the eighty nineties came up with

40:16

a configuration of the numbers. Are

40:19

you silent on the on up? Almost. No.

40:22

Darling know there are thirty two Pr it's

40:24

Diego he's we are are are are ago

40:26

and Ryan gamblers. He up

40:28

in the Eighty Nine. T. Somehow or another.

40:31

Not only my her people who ryan

40:33

in the nineteenth century know Brian Brohm

40:35

as Molinari. Hey Brian Brian Okay, Gone

40:37

ninety Eighty nine. Brian Gambling Yet eighty

40:40

nine seats. He came up with it.

40:42

and I think they say that soon

40:44

as the two million or that configurations

40:46

that you could come up with that

40:48

he's just really. he did ended up

40:51

being the best. It's to increase accuracy

40:53

so you can't get a lucky shot.

40:55

Yes, I can't sleep to see to

40:57

win Said it is to increase accuracy.

41:00

So if you're not that is so if you miss a

41:02

high number by but you'll hit a low number and if

41:04

you miss alone on of by but you high number of

41:06

the but do we know the actual calculation said the one

41:08

is next to the twenty but the to is not next

41:11

to the nineteen for example. Know.

41:13

Keep it honestly. Just As Designed

41:15

to See just came up with the endeavor.

41:18

So many other. Ways like I said the

41:20

people come up with decided to is a as

41:22

to what than. Two

41:24

million. Or that configurations it could be

41:26

a he's just is wet the best

41:28

the but he died before the Pinkston.

41:30

Pick Oh how terrible. A

41:33

noisy note three as he probably could

41:36

play to qualifications. And

41:38

it was it. would. it's. With I'd always

41:40

it a village out on it with Christmas

41:42

you know it's not a full load it

41:44

on me with my dog and that kill

41:47

him to talk to jump through these conversation

41:49

run flows from a press. Conference

41:52

These incidents ah Alex's in Hotels

41:54

Question on Sir Alex I'll go

41:56

unanswered On really excites exists gonna

41:58

be more shit clapper. Zarrella

42:00

for an answer a month for question

42:02

must not have any. The another how

42:05

any chickens an excess of seventy six

42:07

years before they hatch com I try

42:09

to answer the answer to that dogs

42:12

been destroyed is because dogs are classed

42:14

as chat So and a chat So

42:16

acer looking at Gogo is an intangible

42:18

person property. So you're not gonna say

42:21

a dog was killed legal a zombie.

42:23

Know it's a cast as chancel so

42:25

that's what I say. Destroyed Militant is

42:27

taxable, And juvenile

42:30

asked me my qualifications for this time for

42:32

your qualifications for this because I had the

42:34

very first have a dog custody battle which

42:36

I know you refer to it back in

42:39

two thousand and six most listening to your

42:41

show once before. I mean I took my

42:43

ex to Colds and I were talking about

42:45

it. That's when I found out that dog

42:47

is classed as Chancellor. So that's why I

42:50

think that's why they don't say it was

42:52

killed in legal terms because a dog isn't

42:54

past as a. Dating. Back

42:56

to oddly. Dating.

42:59

Back to the times when a dog would

43:01

be of value because of the services provided

43:03

to the owner rather than the company in

43:05

the comfort and south. So that's why I

43:07

think they don't call it showed. I personally

43:10

would say by dogs were killed because in

43:12

Olive Olive dogs and a spot know that's

43:14

why I may pay for are killed, animals

43:16

are destroyed boehner and above the dogs are

43:18

destroyed because that's how I like that qualification

43:20

whether or not is relevant to the salsa

43:22

you've provided or not doesn't really matter. Com.

43:25

Dot. In a class or thing you do, you. Say

43:28

that high costs and Iconix top fifty

43:30

six is the time pizza is into

43:33

a can impose a question on so.

43:35

It's an answer pumped on this one. Is.

43:39

So I have gone. and Peter Carr com

43:41

is a proper copper Who was a proper

43:43

compass. How many proper coppers kind of proper

43:45

copper cope with a proper copper could cook

43:47

coffers. Carry on pizza? Yeah you right Dna

43:49

is mobile and when we leave Dna at

43:51

a saying it's in the cells of our

43:54

body so the hair is in the follicle

43:56

at the end of the had yet. our

43:58

skin cells over ever or

44:01

in blood or any other fluid and

44:05

yes it can be moved around and that is

44:07

a real problem for proper coppers because

44:10

there's sort of degrees of

44:12

contamination with different issues. The

44:14

first is that somebody brings

44:17

DNA into the scene, their own

44:19

DNA by walking through

44:21

the scene after it's happened. Yeah exactly, it's why you

44:23

have to put on your special shoes like you're at

44:25

the swimming pool. Exactly, exactly

44:28

right. All of that clothing and

44:30

over shoes and the packaging of

44:32

things and gloves, they're all important

44:34

to avoid contamination. Perfect. So

44:37

that can distract the inquiry but even

44:39

worse, it's secondary you can move stuff

44:42

around within a scene. Because it lands

44:44

on you and you take it somewhere

44:46

else unwittingly. Exactly and you put it

44:48

down onto another item and even worse

44:50

still... Defense lawyers dream mates. Somebody else's

44:53

DNA. Somebody

44:55

else's DNA. You saw a spit on the pavement,

44:57

someone walks through it and next thing your DNA

44:59

has been walked into the murder scene of the

45:01

house next door. It's not as easy as that.

45:04

So it's really really difficult. Qualifications. Used

45:06

to be an SIO, Senior Investigating Officer and I got

45:08

a degree in chemistry and biochemistry. Come here a minute.

45:13

Did Minnie sound a bit dodgy to you when she

45:15

asked that question? She did, I've got another

45:17

name and I've recorded the call. Thank you very much.

45:19

Round of applause for Peter please. Good morning Minnie. Whatever

45:22

you've got planned, think again,

45:24

you've got Peter Kirkham on

45:26

your case. Last word

45:28

Richard is in Brefriere in France. Question

45:31

or answer in three words? Answer.

45:34

Go on. Electric eels. Yeah.

45:37

There are several types, they were all

45:39

called nine back in the day. Well

45:41

done qualifications. Well done qualifications. I was

45:43

given a book on the subject to

45:45

read as a punishment. Round of applause.

45:48

There We go, well played. Fantastic work.

45:50

That's it for another week. Mr. I'm

45:52

giving the box of games, the box

45:54

of joy and delights to Andy, the

45:56

Environment Agency who I thought already had

45:58

one but apparently doesn't and he's provided

46:00

us with so much. illumination over the

46:02

years urology of is everything okay said

46:04

I as a ah they see all

46:06

of our app pause rewind download free

46:09

Global player.com or for L B C

46:11

School breaks male seat of legacy.

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