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hello Nine one one. Is

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Embers Hill or the see Uncle Osha.

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is yell okay. He didn't. And

2:33

and. Oh

2:35

he was a fight episode where we live

2:37

today. we're going to be talking to Adam

2:39

Elect Sick all about etymology. He's etymology nerd

2:41

on Instagram and Tic Toc com and is

2:44

where my favorite things to follow. And love

2:46

linguistics! I'm very excited. And gave tried

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to really flirt with him at the

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later we going to talking about

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philanthropy. And. Why more in silly

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his inner city who edited yeah? Up

3:01

next we have an exciting interview with

3:03

are highly esteemed. Guess Adam Electric, The

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between us it's already jews

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years most scandalous, most controversial

3:16

segment known to all of

3:18

I can see. Tom. Says

3:21

it. On the show we have Saddam

3:23

Alexei who has known online as the

3:26

Etymology Nerd a linguist focus on bringing

3:28

the scientific study of language to a

3:30

broad audience. Ak one of my favorite

3:32

follows on Inspire am I. Alone

3:34

or to be here. I gave

3:37

has been talking about. you know

3:39

we. Were really

3:41

excited to get into the is as

3:43

good as. It is. So

3:45

how did you start out with

3:47

linguistics? Just started in high school.

3:49

I was in a bookstore just

3:51

randomly came across this book the

3:53

Etymology com by mark for sites

3:55

highly recommended for anybody like even

3:57

mildly to the linguistics. It's a

3:59

very. Read. A fantastic

4:01

book. That kind of it. Took.

4:04

A circular dive into the English language and

4:06

show me how these like crazy words are

4:08

connected And now is the first time I

4:10

as I started thinking about how very all

4:13

the secrets stories behind words and I was

4:15

really compelling to the south or after reading

4:17

that book I started in a self funding

4:20

a lot of that a mall a g

4:22

and then I started Linguistics university. Later on

4:24

I was graduating with the linguistics Korean are

4:26

like what what I do it out so

4:29

I started trying to make linguistics content and

4:31

that sort of the origin story is. What?

4:33

Would you define as etymology like

4:36

how you define. Academically.

4:38

The etymology is the study of word

4:40

organs were words come from. A

4:42

little more philosophically or etymology. The

4:45

study. True. He comes from the

4:47

Greek word estimates meaning truth. and

4:50

I think that's. That's. Also

4:52

really cool because it it shows that there's

4:54

a guy hidden truth inside the words you

4:56

to speak a little bit deeper. It

4:58

feels like as a cool a time

5:00

to be studying. That's because I feel

5:02

like with social media and things like

5:04

I languages changing pretty rapidly like people

5:06

are. I. Don't know, like setting out a.

5:10

Nightmare. Just like people picking up on them. sat

5:12

there and like. What? Are your thoughts

5:14

around like people that think that that language

5:17

is something that is stuck in a certain

5:19

the time that there's certain ways to speak

5:21

and at our our the way we speak

5:23

shouldn't change. Well. People have been

5:25

always thinking that for a million for

5:28

thousands of years and and those people

5:30

will die out. And then

5:32

blinds as a dog chained so it. Yeah,

5:35

they can really do anything about it.

5:37

It's it's always evolving. about the ball

5:39

belong famous corporal patterns, like the same

5:41

kind of slang we're seeing. Somehow you

5:44

can explain using all that I'm logical

5:46

processes which is always really exciting to

5:48

me to him the have that Latins.

5:50

I do think it's maybe happening faster.

5:52

Were in an era where a word

5:55

like raise can go from relative obscurity

5:57

to becoming the asked and rid of

5:59

the. In just the space of one year. And

6:02

and the Internet is compounded that you

6:04

by reality through on how how words

6:06

get popular and as something under each

6:08

didn't. How deal words get

6:10

popular? What are they like? Top Ways now?

6:13

Yeah. Flames always been kind of like

6:15

a virus. Words you know spread from

6:17

one goes to another, infecting people on

6:19

social networks. And and away

6:22

like they've always travel along

6:24

social networks, following patterns of.

6:27

People who are connected to each other.

6:29

They start out in like you know,

6:31

similar social circles whether that with an

6:33

age or eraser sometimes demographic. By.

6:36

The barriers are kind of broken down

6:38

the bit on the internet so literally

6:40

you go viral online. It's like of

6:43

nights so it's spreads faster. Alarm social

6:45

networks because there are more connected. In

6:47

the age of social media. That's.

6:49

The best analogy I have a as. One.

6:52

Of my favorite videos that you Dead

6:54

was about be as balding use of

6:56

l allow. And. About how

6:58

it's not like a let your not only

7:00

just. Breaking down what words mean but

7:02

you're breaking down. The changes and

7:04

then also. A very subtle

7:07

ways in which the use. Of

7:09

old words suddenly changes like a lot

7:11

of my favorite videos of yours are.

7:13

This word already existed and was used

7:15

one way. And now it's being used

7:17

to completely different way to. Can you explain

7:19

that a bit? Like even using their the

7:21

what you said about l Oh wow. Yeah.

7:24

Yeah, absolutely so busy with other

7:27

well so. People. Don't really

7:29

use our well anymore when they're laughing out

7:31

loud right up. But what? the regional used

7:33

on. I was looking at the story

7:35

behind our well as is used in the. Niceties.

7:38

When some guy that brewing last so loudly I just

7:40

knew that he had to leave. A. Verbalize

7:42

that somehow of eat. Food. Out

7:44

alone people were saying that will that I laughed out

7:46

loud. That. Familiar with L a male

7:49

on that was a more intense version of

7:51

L A well later on now it I

7:53

J B O L and I'm personally use

7:55

that but there's other like acronyms or you

7:57

could just say i like know that feel.

8:00

That's some help on you than l

8:02

of on that because this is falling.

8:04

Delete This historical process of semantic intensification

8:06

or or like the word itself is

8:08

becoming less intense. And we need to come

8:10

up with a more intense alternative. And there are like. A

8:13

get this fall's historical patterns so we

8:15

saw this would wordplay very which comes

8:17

from barrels would use me truthfully and

8:19

every time he said barry you actually

8:21

said fruitfully but people said very so

8:23

often or just stop meeting a day

8:25

and we even sing the same thing

8:27

with images right? I mean the way

8:29

you laugh or line started out as

8:31

the laughing emerged as and the laughing

8:33

crying emerging and was the Grimaud you

8:35

know it's a stall him over Jp

8:37

if you're laughing online that this is

8:40

always always at. It. And. It's the

8:42

same pattern you you can't stop

8:44

the inexorable march of language change.

8:46

And how language. How

8:49

different languages compared to each other? Because I know

8:51

that, like. There's. Some words in

8:53

other languages that we don't even have. A

8:55

word for. Like there somewhere that's been

8:58

going around that they said equivalent of sort

9:00

of like said rotting. At Slate. ever

9:02

wait for it And enough yeah like so

9:04

do you feel like out of English fall

9:06

in terms of like how descriptive it is

9:09

there are other languages have have that like

9:11

almost better words. I

9:13

think it's languages is very unique because

9:15

it it comes from a particular kind

9:17

of cultural context and reflects maybe the

9:20

concerns of that culture. There are

9:22

like some myths about this kind of

9:24

stuff. like the annual language doesn't actually

9:26

have to see words for snow or

9:28

is it doesn't determine. The thought

9:30

As much as people like to think

9:32

it does, but there are beautiful nuanced

9:34

ways you can express yourself at each

9:37

individual language that you can't and other

9:39

languages when when a word kind of

9:41

fills that certainly nice. We call it

9:43

a less for gas. So when there's

9:45

like. A spot in

9:48

language that is unfulfilled that there's a lot

9:50

of let's fill gaps. I. Think

9:52

Germany is particularly for with with filling lexical

9:54

gap but that's just because they they're good

9:56

at making like hyper spitzer a specific words

9:58

that we would take. The media sentenced articulate but

10:01

we can still get there in the and then. The

10:03

way we do get there is also pupil

10:05

nuance because we can build their sentences in

10:07

a logical is so for instance, press the

10:09

concepts. Knowing more languages it's great has deepened

10:11

any kind of express it in more. It's.

10:14

Exciting fight like using shouting fired

10:16

instead as he now we would

10:18

maybe decipher. I am happy that

10:20

that person. Is sat in

10:23

as as at. Absolutely. I mean

10:25

Also, we borrowed shot him, brought it

10:27

into English and we can just say

10:29

that so that's that's another way that

10:31

we do in a. Bridge that

10:33

hurdle. We just borrow the word simpler.

10:36

that. I'm also curious,

10:38

like I feel like we're getting more

10:40

aware of like Able is i'm in

10:42

our language and and wanting to veer

10:45

away from from certain terminology. For.

10:47

Like for example, I haven't been

10:49

able to like replace certain phases.

10:51

Yeah, so like I haven't. Been.

10:53

Able to like replace the idea of like

10:55

a blind spot for example, Like.

10:58

Oh yeah, I think I'm and very gray.

11:00

Like you think they will eventually be every

11:02

plate since as not. As evil as

11:04

that like. In the meantime, like how she people.

11:07

Sign. Of fill that gap. To. Express

11:09

that idea. Yeah I

11:11

mean. With. A word like blind

11:13

spot we we just don't have were placement

11:15

that I can think of right? So I

11:17

guess. Until we come up

11:19

with more. Wasn't my kind of stuck

11:21

with that by again. this is a

11:24

historical pattern we've seen way out again

11:26

and again. It's called the euphemism for

11:28

edna Level. I've often a video on

11:30

this where. We. Start out with

11:32

a perfectly innocent word meant to

11:34

categorize people. Like the word idiot,

11:37

imbecile, moron, or used to be like. Intellectual

11:39

categorizations. I mean the A

11:41

Medical. Professional but

11:44

they were intended with i think the

11:46

best of intense like egregiously. Trying.

11:48

To. Categorize

11:50

people, Might have been

11:52

intelligence to they can deal with you

11:54

know and treat them accordingly. Ah and

11:56

and those become a pejorative or negative.

11:59

So people started insulting incline other idiots.

12:01

You. Consider that association and so those

12:03

terms bird later okay with the the

12:06

armored and that that became negative right?

12:08

And then. You became

12:10

special needs. Now. On someone

12:13

special this off. So this is a pattern

12:15

that. He's. Going to keep putting out because

12:17

people are going to keep. Winning ways

12:19

turn genuine com seasons as

12:21

and sell it. As

12:24

a trend, the admin panel was gonna happen over

12:26

and over again on until we. Break

12:28

the cycle by. Becoming

12:30

better as society hit night. I

12:33

don't know if if we hadn't broken the cycle

12:35

of the of yeah, Interesting when

12:37

that cycle comes back around like

12:39

queer. And. Then we're like know

12:42

you have to say like gay and

12:44

lesbian and then people are like know

12:46

we're taking clear back actually and so

12:48

now queer is. Not. The wrong

12:50

word anymore. Reclamation is so cool.

12:52

I think the path of a

12:54

better way to address the problem.

12:57

right? Because of the underlying crosses gonna

12:59

keep happening, people going to keep seeing

13:01

a full fire. Language is also a

13:03

former power. And. When you

13:05

reclaim word you reclaiming the power behind

13:08

upward. the other that getting a

13:10

little bit more into maybe be asked

13:12

politics of language but. I. Think

13:15

that's. Definitely of the may

13:17

do and also. The way.

13:19

You. Can reclaim a word such the only

13:21

You can use it like flaky and work

13:23

as a few black direct nation because it

13:26

on. A turn something

13:28

so so negative into. An.

13:30

expression of. The individual

13:32

creativity of of. marginalized,

13:35

Group because marginalized communities always need

13:37

to com for language too because

13:39

language is run by. A

13:41

white straight you know says

13:43

norms of language and main.

13:46

Route. To differentiate themselves from that, they're able

13:48

to carve out their own identity, their own

13:50

linguistic wave expression the same way. Like. The

13:53

German language has a way to express

13:55

the can shine for you. There's no

13:57

way to express. Queerness and

13:59

a way that is more list

14:02

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works. Whether. Like some of

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the most fascinating thing. You. Feel like

18:28

you've learned in your journey of

18:31

of studying linguistics? Ah man, there's

18:33

them. So many cool things. I'm

18:35

just particularly interested right now in

18:37

how. Social. Media and

18:39

the structure. Social media is changing.

18:41

Language like the algorithm itself is

18:44

driving force like on alive is

18:46

a crazy words. The fact that

18:48

we have that because you can't

18:50

say kill onset talk and. Talked

18:52

to. Thousands. of

18:54

middle school teachers and parents which is kind

18:57

of a weird hobby but at that a

18:59

all say have a thera kids are thing

19:01

on a live in. In schools and

19:03

and the using as you've met them. On

19:06

because they're sometimes a friend. Like

19:08

less scary weren't and. That's. Another

19:11

historical trend is always had euphemisms

19:13

for that right arm, but they've

19:15

never murkiness dystopian context. That.

19:18

They have. And were genuinely I

19:20

think in the next twenty years going

19:22

to see I live. Evolve

19:24

into. A. Widespread use like

19:26

that. There was once because he

19:28

tried talk to. And their

19:30

kids used the word on a

19:32

live in an essay about hamlets

19:34

contemplation of analyzing himself was wow

19:36

that is crazy. By that the

19:38

best for language is going. That's

19:40

like a. Hundred. Years from now.

19:43

we're all going to be bad enough. Cameo can use

19:45

like a formal. Our place in of

19:47

the word kill. Maybe who knows, maybe death,

19:49

whereby? maybe not. But it it definitely is.

19:52

Having. An impact: How the how the algorithm is

19:54

affecting how we speak and I think. That.

19:56

Kind of stuff is is really crazy Me right

19:58

now I'm but there's something. By bags I get

20:00

back at Amazon. it. Please. Do It

20:03

Is it. I. I

20:05

do. You decide what to make a video

20:07

on? let's say like topics that you're interested

20:09

and are like something that you find interesting.

20:11

Like. How are you like? oh this. Videos. Gonna

20:14

Do Numbers. I

20:16

actually still. Have zero clue

20:18

whether they do number double. It's not because

20:20

I always put the same level of effort

20:22

into a video and it's It's always something

20:25

I'm excited. Talk about. Sometimes they just read

20:27

name worth of those. They don't buy it.

20:29

I. Just have a really long

20:31

best the past eight ideas any given

20:33

time. So the thing I mention with

20:35

images and the bleaching of the most

20:38

of that stuff like Night idea has

20:40

my list right now. or. Etymology

20:42

of Jaffe or new Approach or the word Companion

20:44

which comes from frequent together so I just have

20:47

like a place is off my list for a

20:49

year that I've front of me of like. Ideas

20:51

that are just doing around in my my brain.

20:54

And then eventually I find them inspired by i

20:56

don't know maybe it's the second net this to

20:58

modern slang word or maybe I can. I explain

21:00

this in the best on the way but I

21:02

like me like minute long video so I. Kind

21:05

of present a story about a word in that in

21:07

it and if I can think about. This

21:10

cool idea? Average down or not into

21:12

the store in areas that are unable

21:14

to. Yeah. He doesn't hurt here. It's. So

21:16

interesting how people are so interested in

21:19

it. I think because words are around.

21:21

Us all the time and they're always changing.

21:23

And it's not something that we notice

21:26

as much any we notice the big

21:28

ones right? Like. Groovy or like going

21:30

into cool in the eighties and like

21:32

slut what word stick around and like

21:34

don't like on sleep was huge and.

21:36

Then now on sleek is done like you

21:38

know I see like it gives you like

21:40

a real specific. Ability. Sometimes

21:43

to know what years something's

21:45

happening. But. Then the

21:47

ones that stick around for forever. like

21:49

cool or stuff like that is like.

21:51

It's so interesting to me why those

21:54

stick you have any concept of like

21:56

what causes something to. Staff

21:58

staying power. Yeah, that

22:00

is a crazy question. I think there is

22:02

no like one be entitled, give you fight

22:05

or there are like a few patterns for

22:07

example, For. You fill electrical gas

22:09

supply fit the needs to be.

22:11

A reason for it to exist. If there's already

22:13

another word, The does the same job. Just.

22:16

As well then are not going to get that

22:18

word. But. If they're filthy Gatling

22:20

I get there was no. Before Cool

22:22

there are other ways to express the concept

22:24

of cool that it it did it in

22:26

it's own unique way, with it's own unique

22:28

by maybe and that's how it's stock. And

22:31

there is like a transient nature

22:33

of saying like. News or

22:35

far as well words can get popular and

22:37

and decline like Fleet did and that has

22:39

to do as I think broader social trends

22:42

of like food using the word. There

22:44

are ways for words to become like

22:46

reach widespread use without becoming uncool. But

22:48

sometimes when your grandma start using a

22:50

word you do not want to start

22:52

thankfully game or if if grandma thankfully.

22:55

Said did you get into a

22:57

little bit about that? Like the

22:59

politics of language and how we

23:01

often judge people on their languages.

23:04

I. Mean it sucks because it's like. Oh well, You

23:06

know this often happens We just had a

23:08

conversation. With about this where I said something

23:10

was gay slang but what it is actually

23:12

whites escape taking it from black people so

23:14

it's this like appropriate of thing were like

23:16

oh as a black person is saying this

23:19

is somehow. Lower Vs like. All

23:21

of a sudden you've got Jimmy

23:23

Fallon using the word and everyone's

23:25

mom is like we love it

23:27

right? right? That's that's another very

23:29

common pattern. In fact, the word

23:31

cool was originally African American English

23:33

before it was it just. Made

23:35

mainstream right now. we don't think about where

23:37

that comes from. As a linguist my job

23:40

and any good thing was job is to.

23:42

Since judge just described it as it

23:44

is. Say. Like it is. With

23:47

the wait is that there

23:49

is constant linguistic. Appropriation.

23:52

Of. Perceived. Cooler are

23:54

funnier demographics because those words

23:56

and fill a nice and

23:58

like less martin. You

24:02

were to. Funnier,

24:04

And. The regional I have

24:06

like modern like lot of tic tacs

24:08

playing actually. At

24:11

American English or Clear Sanger orange.

24:14

Slice or. Other.

24:18

Canadian The Nine it is

24:21

hop. People. That. Yeah,

24:23

since worth of hi fi, that jazz and.

24:26

Like and society than thinking words

24:28

from that converting English. So

24:31

unfortunately life the continuing he played

24:33

humiliation Fred Mill that wifi with

24:35

disabled or it. Until he gets

24:38

the root of the problem like that's going to keep

24:40

happening. Yeah. It's. Also

24:42

interesting when words. From marginalized

24:44

groups become more mainstream and then

24:46

they're just used incorrectly. Like a

24:49

big one that's going on in

24:51

the clear community. Now is trade

24:53

I don't have you know, What

24:55

That is? So it started

24:57

from. Rough Trade which is.

24:59

A straight man who fucks gay

25:01

men. Are gay men who like

25:03

a guy who looks like oh I could

25:05

like, maybe try to hit on that guy

25:08

but he might. Beat me up like he seems

25:10

straight right? I know, like or hell for the

25:12

sex we have will be Ross. Or whatever it

25:14

is. Then it got turned into trade.

25:16

Which is just like. Us a

25:18

straight guy that you could hook up with

25:20

or something and then now in the player.

25:23

Community. It's used as just like

25:25

any hot guy. He used to

25:27

than just be any even a gay guys a

25:29

straight passing. Then now it's evolve

25:31

even further to just any good looking

25:34

guy. So like on drag race they'll

25:36

say oh this is the trade of

25:38

the season. And. It was just a you like. And

25:41

it's a little bit funny. like they'll be

25:43

like it'll be someone kind of a feminine

25:45

and that person will be like them either

25:47

trade of the season. but like then there

25:49

are guys who are high and they'll say

25:51

oh that's the trade of the season And

25:53

and it's like people. Are mad now because

25:55

they're like that's not even what it means.

25:57

You don't. Like new date Kids are coming up

25:59

thinking tree. Give me a handsome. They

26:02

fit. President. Now says the

26:04

language has evolved. That's. What I'm

26:06

saying. But it's also like then older gay

26:08

guys are like that's not. That's not what

26:10

trade is great like. Now what's. The. Word

26:12

for rough trade. You know devil, that

26:14

the older gay guys are gonna die

26:17

out again. and then trees couldn't Mainly

26:19

Hawkeye. Are going as actually really cool

26:21

process. Remind me of the word diet which

26:23

used to be the name of off the

26:25

Guideline, a book room and and then I

26:28

was brought in. Mean like. Kind. Of

26:30

grotesque man. the nose wouldn't need any

26:32

man general so we see it's called

26:34

Samantha the a widening Gwenda. The media

26:36

becomes kind of broader on so trade

26:39

goes from the Cypress specific definition to

26:41

I guess just. What?

26:43

You said on the phone number or guy

26:45

to guy handsome guy a hot guy so

26:48

that that another like. Of

26:50

historical process. Is the same is

26:52

so it. and. That's really cool

26:54

to see him in a sense of this

26:56

happening with. marginalized, Communities

26:58

especially when. Words.

27:01

Or appropriated. And people

27:03

lose sense of their origin is can

27:05

easily happen like the word ah was

27:08

comes from enough American English parakeets of

27:10

of them and then it was taken

27:12

refurbished in the Journal bug you know

27:14

people are song signal for the river

27:16

and at that point becomes a now

27:18

and now. There are a lot of

27:20

Middlesworth gone around using yacht as a

27:23

noun for quiet. When I was originally

27:25

it was originally introduction. So.

27:27

the bird a speech changes at this

27:29

point it doesn't need but. Like

27:31

again, as a linguist, I'm just describing the situation as

27:33

it is. It does mean by the slave. Trade

27:36

now also me thought guy he other definition

27:38

make those deaths in a than die out.

27:40

That's just how it is it's it's a

27:43

process that have done it. He bethany. It.

27:45

May die out because. The

27:47

idea of. A straight guy who

27:50

sells sells heating he as rough sex

27:52

with a gay guy might even like

27:54

lose this Not. Like as known of us,

27:56

people are out. It's Marxist. It's like that might

27:58

even not be like us. Really

28:00

anymore? Ideally we don't know

28:03

as as gonna say i write think

28:05

they that my and a better world.

28:08

The other? there could be some political mine. Yeah,

28:10

I don't. They say yacht now is like

28:12

stands for something Isn't there? Like a misunderstanding

28:15

where they sing and dance for like. Got.

28:18

Your a stroller and acres of yeah

28:20

never yeah I live animal adjust the

28:22

people like their favorite thing to do

28:24

to make their so called backwards from

28:26

are like bay doesn't come from before

28:29

anyone else and and people have again

28:31

been coming up with a gap in

28:33

a metabolic is for as. Like.

28:36

There's maybe. Ten. To

28:38

fifteen actual acknowledges out there, and the

28:40

rest The Murphy. On Scuba

28:42

Israel ah that is a few other

28:44

the no real but. Again, General

28:46

I was cringe when I hear that

28:48

as they got an entomologist because people

28:50

I don't know they they liked to

28:53

invent. Word. Origin Stories. That

28:55

sounds and be a way. The.

28:59

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