Microbial genes have been found to perform a variety of functions including coding for enzymes to hydrolyse food we can't digest, coding for proteins that form essential nutrients, making vitamins we can’t produce and even helping to release energy from our diet. In addition to playing a vital role in metabolism, our microbiome stimulates the immune system and regulates the mood. Some species release compounds that reduce inflammation, whilst others specifically inhibit pathogen growth. Moreover, they increase the host’s barrier function by increasing the thickness of their mucus layer, inducing antimicrobial molecules, and regulating antibody secretion. (With thanks to U6 Biologist Chloe P for conducting the research and providing content for this podcast)