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nile.com. Bbc

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Sounds Music Radio podcasts,

0:49

On. Less to it this week: the

0:51

French resistance fighter Nicola Trahan, the controversial

0:54

playwright Edward Bond, and the singer and

0:56

songwriter Eric Common. But we start by

0:58

remembering Audrey Adams, who was a leading

1:01

campaigner for the rights of Black people.

1:03

She came to prominence in Nineteen Ninety

1:05

One after her fifteen year old son

1:08

Roland was stabbed to death in a

1:10

racist attack in the Thames me the

1:12

area of London. Although he was set

1:15

upon by a gang of up to

1:17

fifteen white use, only one stood trial.

1:20

Audrey went on to devote her life

1:22

to a number of campaign groups, including

1:24

Operation Black Vote, who's founder and director

1:27

is Lord Woolly. I

1:29

was introduced to Audrey by a

1:31

leech asper and he had been

1:33

campaigning for justice. but Audrey. Under.

1:36

She joined forces to the Ninety Nine

1:39

to trust. Which. Was a

1:41

black civil rights campaign organization and you

1:43

know what? I got the sense of

1:45

he was a woman, but rather than

1:47

grave. The. Road up her sleeve

1:50

to say. I will

1:52

dedicate my life to fight injustice

1:54

and particular. racial

1:56

injustice you have never contacted

1:58

us No MP

2:00

in this country has done anything to help

2:02

us. The highlight came about when Al Sharpton

2:05

came here. I mean, she

2:07

must have been through a very terrible experience

2:09

to have lost her son in the

2:11

way that she did. He was just coming home from

2:13

a youth club, walking to a

2:15

bus stop when he was set upon by a

2:17

gang of white youths and fatally stabbed. Did

2:20

she feel that she had been let down by

2:22

the police in the way that the Lawrence family

2:24

felt they were let down by the police a

2:26

couple of years later? She

2:29

had been 100% let down by

2:31

the police. Another statutory authority

2:33

is to politicians, few

2:35

politicians running around. It wasn't

2:37

to cause sled really

2:40

until Lee Jasper got in touch with

2:42

Reverend Al Sharpton. Back

2:44

then Reverend Al Sharpton was

2:47

barrel-chested, loud-mouthed, but quite

2:49

brilliant in bringing the

2:51

community together and said

2:53

justice needed to be served. Roland

2:55

Adams, whose parents are here, was

2:57

killed. They gave guys

2:59

community service. They were

3:01

killed by a mob of 15, only one

3:04

was put in jail, three was given community

3:06

service despite the fact they were out on

3:08

bail for another racial crime. Until you can

3:10

put criminals in jail, irrespective of their race,

3:13

you are going to have this problem and

3:15

you can beat up on the messenger but

3:17

somebody's going to have to get a message.

3:20

Did Audrey reflect back on those

3:22

experiences and did it make

3:24

her more determined in her campaigning for civil

3:26

rights? She was always a civil

3:28

rights campaigner. I remember that she told me that

3:31

she marched against the BMP, the British National Party.

3:33

So she had it in her veins. This

3:35

I think turbocharged it and it was more to do

3:38

with rather than fighting

3:40

extreme racism, which was the cause of

3:42

her son's death, she wanted a society

3:44

to be better, fairer, to

3:47

give her other three children and

3:50

other mothers the

3:52

belief that their children can

3:55

not just survive in the UK but

3:57

thrive and be who they ought to

3:59

be. And it was a sheer

4:01

joy working with her. I mean, she

4:03

was passionate and she was tough, and she would tell you, she

4:06

would tell you when you weren't pulling your weight.

4:09

When black people have a

4:11

mistrust of the police in this day

4:13

and age, people

4:16

think that we've got chip on our shoulders, but they

4:18

need to look at what led up

4:20

to that. She was

4:22

willing to campaign for the

4:24

systemic change in policing, and she

4:26

would stop and search, for example.

4:28

But actually what gave her the

4:30

most joy was the

4:33

front foot, the proactive campaigns,

4:35

such as voter registration. For

4:38

a number of years, we would hire a bus, Matthew,

4:40

we'd travel around the country, and on this bus

4:42

there were computer banks, and

4:44

she would bring her young children along, and

4:47

we would go from to Liverpool to

4:49

Bristol and Chester, Birmingham, pull

4:51

out of the bus and stop people in the

4:53

street and say, look, if you want

4:55

to change our world, if you want greater racial

4:58

justice, then you need power. And

5:00

the first step of having power,

5:03

registering to vote and voting. And

5:05

was she a front person? Was she somebody who'd gone

5:08

on the platform and spoke into the microphone,

5:10

or was she somebody who preferred to be

5:12

behind the scenes working away? Audrey

5:15

Adams knew her strength, and

5:18

it was really behind the scenes

5:20

in organizing, quietly convincing,

5:23

doing the logistics. What

5:26

she took great accomplishment of

5:28

is actually making sure things got done.

5:31

That the bus was in the right place, that people got

5:33

paid, that people were

5:36

registered, and meetings

5:38

were full. After

5:40

what she would say, you guys do

5:42

what you need to do, it has

5:44

black women to make sure that it

5:46

happens. And did

5:48

she see progress, because the

5:51

path towards justice and equality

5:53

is still littered with

5:55

problems and barriers and obstacles, isn't it?

5:57

Did she feel that you were making

5:59

progress? over the 30 years that you

6:01

worked together? I saw her on

6:03

her deathbed as a matter of fact, and we

6:05

laughed and cried a lot during that

6:08

time, but she held my hand and she

6:10

said, Simon, we did a good job. She

6:12

said that when we started, there

6:14

were four black Asian minority ethnic MPs, another of

6:16

the 64. And

6:18

I said to her that she was instrumental

6:21

in transforming British politics

6:23

and British society. She

6:26

transformed my life and

6:28

many thousands of black

6:30

people's lives. And I, when we

6:32

saw a funeral and it was over 400 people there, including

6:35

Doran Lawrence, who had lost

6:37

her son to similar

6:39

circumstances, that

6:43

the community paid tribute to

6:45

an indomitable campaigner and

6:47

a wonderful black woman. Lord

6:50

Woolley on Audrey Adams, who's died aged

6:52

62. Now visitors

6:54

to Salisbury Cathedral's gift shop every

6:57

Friday had no idea that they

6:59

were being served by a heroine

7:01

of the French resistance. The

7:03

diminutive elderly lady behind the counter

7:06

was the much decorated Nicola Trohan,

7:08

who as a teenager had undertaken

7:10

many dangerous missions to fight the

7:12

Nazis. In later years,

7:14

Nicola settled in Wiltshire and volunteered at

7:17

her local church where she met the

7:19

Reverend Eleanor Rance. Personally, I

7:21

wasn't aware really until the first

7:24

time I went to take Remembrance

7:26

Sunday service in Orchiston. And

7:28

I looked across my congregation and

7:31

suddenly saw that Nicola was wearing the Croix

7:33

de Guerre and another medal which I didn't

7:35

actually recognise at the time, which was the

7:38

Medaille de l'Artéconne Sans Frontès and

7:40

the MBE. And it really

7:43

struck me. And that's when I

7:45

found out. Nicola Trohan was born

7:48

in the Paddycale. Her father worked

7:50

in the insurance industry and her mother was

7:52

a professor of English. When

7:54

France was occupied by the Nazis, Nicola was

7:56

determined to fight back. She really, really wanted

7:59

to fight back. Head to support her

8:01

countries and she wants to drive an

8:03

ambulance and then later off the fall

8:05

of France. She wants to join the

8:07

resistance and sheep pestis. Her parents say

8:10

she would have been. At

8:12

the outbreak of the War Office, said

8:14

team. Will

8:16

do your lover. Or

8:20

who. Are the. Despite.

8:24

Her parents objections sixteen year old Nikolaj

8:26

joined the French Forces of the Interior

8:28

known as the Sci Fi. She was

8:31

based in final say, over one hundred

8:33

and fifty miles south of Paris is

8:35

he did. Various activities or is

8:37

tossed in that whole region over

8:40

there as two and a half

8:42

years of the war says is,

8:45

he was pissing messages. And.

8:47

She also was involved in

8:50

this sustain the Jewish Refugees

8:52

and Down Down and We

8:54

believe. Did. He talk about

8:56

her exploits during the war was that

8:58

something she kept to herself? Yes

9:00

she did. If she was asked about

9:03

her experiences she did sad then see

9:05

that as he saw the film. Sat

9:07

at Gray and. Solid base

9:09

I could three the midst of that I think

9:11

as a phallus. German. Soldiers who

9:14

are marching. Down the road and and have thought.

9:16

This through the middle of them and

9:18

Nicolo apparently said I did. That's what

9:20

was mix of a ever arrested. See

9:23

was very close to.

9:27

Dane sat and see

9:29

has had. As. As

9:32

I id cards and she rode

9:34

it into a ball and thought

9:36

as it says that she would

9:38

be put see past as a

9:40

as young French style because she

9:42

was a young fence Go see

9:44

for that reason with that fortunate

9:46

that he could just be ignored.

9:48

As a school girl who was he aware

9:50

of the risks that she was taking when

9:52

she talked about it later in life did

9:54

see, look back and think. Wow.

9:57

That was. It is an incredibly risky and frightening

9:59

thing to do. I think so.

10:01

I have you with this is.

10:03

What I she do she knew

10:05

the risks, she knew that the

10:08

risk with kept said totes her

10:10

death and it was a very

10:12

challenging place to be in the

10:14

middle of Occupied France, especially in

10:16

the lead up to the Normandy

10:18

Landings. In the immediate aftermath of

10:20

that the reprisals that took place

10:22

because of course the part of

10:24

France where she was at that

10:26

time had not been liberated. To

10:29

members of resistance movements weathermen

10:31

find nice moves for my

10:34

outside leaders. I say form

10:36

of the instructions you have

10:38

received. She

10:40

was exposed to a very dangerous

10:42

episode and around balancing when. The

10:45

building flair set on fire and

10:48

people with were killed and. In

10:50

her papers as a newspaper.

10:53

Article over which her mother has written

10:55

in English and mother was friends with

10:57

an English. Teacher. As

10:59

how. It. It it

11:01

catches her. To. Realize that

11:04

had child's. Saw these things.

11:06

Happen. With all this

11:08

food her activities were much praised

11:10

by the French government because they

11:13

gave her the quite a girl

11:15

which is that are amazing honor.

11:18

So see was obviously somebody who

11:20

they recognized as having been a

11:22

heroine of the Resistance. Yes, The

11:24

Squadron. Commander. Before have

11:26

Sex in A He writes to

11:29

her mother in Nineteen Forty Seven

11:31

that he had. Absolute

11:33

that see was. Deserving.

11:35

Of eyes as aquatic air or the middle.

11:37

The last twenty cents on says. That,

11:40

in fact Nicholas Nickleby

11:43

was awarded both on

11:45

it and. She

11:48

never told me this that sees tote

11:50

others likely that issue with. His

11:53

express li proud of the second metal

11:55

not apply. The guy that said the

11:57

met is that says that she's a

11:59

resistance. Member. After

12:02

the war nickel or moved to the

12:04

Uk, training as a nurse in Manchester.

12:06

For many years, she worked as a

12:08

nurse and midwife for the soldiers, Sailors

12:11

and Airmen Family Association. When she retired

12:13

to Wilshere, few of her neighbors were

12:15

aware of her heroic past. I suppose

12:18

what's really striking for me? He. Only

12:20

met her in the last ten years

12:23

of allies with this. Was

12:25

I saw that day of

12:27

on Remembrance Sunday this elderly

12:29

lady sitting proudly with her

12:31

metals. The. Character

12:33

That the behavior the

12:36

assets seized the world

12:38

seem to be unchanged

12:40

from the attitude in

12:42

character. Of. That

12:44

girl who. Fought.

12:46

Say courageously. Eight years ago.

12:48

The reverend Elena Ransom Nickel to

12:51

harm his died aged ninety seven

12:53

by Edward Bombed was one of

12:55

the most controversial playwrights of the

12:57

second half of the twentieth century.

12:59

He wrote more than Fifty Place,

13:02

including The Sea and a reworking

13:04

of Shakespeare's Lear. He first made

13:06

his name in the nineteen sixties

13:08

with works like Saved which includes

13:10

extreme violence and the surreal farce

13:12

Early Mornings which depicts Queen Victoria

13:15

having an affair with Florence Nightingale

13:17

and includes cannibalism. Had

13:19

Would bombs dramas played a key role

13:21

in ending the system of censorship of

13:23

the state in the Uk. The to

13:25

Simon Callow worked with him. I

13:28

think he was a real original. But.

13:30

utterly unusual uncommon uncharacteristic figure within

13:33

the british theater scene that would

13:35

bond with born in holloway north

13:37

london his parents were farm laborers

13:40

from the fence who'd come to

13:42

the capital to find work and

13:45

would left school at fifteen with

13:47

no qualifications it was while serving

13:49

as a clump with the british

13:52

army in vienna that he began

13:54

to write plays are term promo

13:57

oppose for generations a society was

13:59

changing and the world new possibilities

14:01

opening up and I found

14:04

that I wanted to talk about these

14:06

things and of course having no education,

14:08

the only thing I could do is

14:11

write drama. As his career progressed Bond

14:13

developed a reputation for being difficult to

14:15

deal with and refused to allow some

14:17

of his works to be performed for

14:19

many years. The director Sean

14:21

Holmes lobbied him for two decades to

14:23

be allowed to put on a revival

14:26

of saved. Eventually he agreed. I

14:28

got back from holiday and there was a hunch

14:30

at my emails and I opened the email and

14:32

it said you can do saved and I ran

14:34

around the top of the office screaming and yelling

14:36

and being really happy and then all the young

14:39

younger people who worked said oh what's what's

14:41

the saved what's that and and I was

14:43

thought oh you know I hope

14:45

this is the right decision. I don't

14:47

know what to do well

14:49

I should have stopped you. It's too late now.

14:51

I just saw you saw

14:54

what's the good of that. Don't

14:56

help me I'll be out in that bloody dock in a minute. Saved

14:59

is about a character

15:01

called Len and Pam who

15:04

are young Londoners in so it's a

15:06

contemporary play when Edward wrote it in

15:08

the mid 60s who meet. She gets

15:11

pregnant and has the baby and they

15:13

end up living with her mum and

15:15

dad but she loses

15:18

interest in Len who ends up living

15:21

in the house she's got in a

15:23

new relationship. Really

15:25

it's a kind of Greek drama disguised

15:27

as a kitchen sink drama and it

15:30

obviously famously contains the scene where

15:32

a group of youths stone a

15:35

baby to death. When you describe

15:37

that sounds incredibly shocking and I

15:39

assume that some audience members were

15:41

shocked by it when they saw

15:43

it in the 1960s. Can

15:45

you talk about the power of that scene

15:47

and why it was so significant in the

15:49

play why it's so important in the play?

15:51

Edward said this extraordinary and really helpful thing

15:54

which is it's not a documentary as far

15:56

as he was aware no group of youths

15:58

had ever stoned a baby. But

16:01

it was a metaphor, and it was a

16:04

metaphor for if you oppress the weakest people

16:06

in society, they'll punch down. We

16:08

did one rehearsal one evening where he

16:11

said it's really important to remember that no one at

16:13

the beginning of the scene has any intention of doing

16:15

anything horrible to anyone. But there's a

16:17

series of 50 or 60 events that

16:19

we have to be really accurate about that

16:22

lead to that terrible event.

16:26

And that is

16:29

what makes it so powerful, is

16:32

the careful

16:34

construction of slight reaction to a

16:37

site. Somebody trends on somebody's new

16:39

shoes or ruffles their new suit.

16:42

That makes them, they then

16:44

take the nappy off and throw the dirty

16:46

nappy at somebody and suddenly it's like this

16:48

experiment with a stone and suddenly we're into

16:50

a place of horror and hell. When

16:53

the Royal Court Theatre was first planning to stage Saved

16:55

in 1968, a system of censorship was

16:58

still in place in this country. The

17:00

Lord Chamberlain had the power to order

17:03

changes to scripts that were deemed offensive.

17:05

He took a dim view of Saved. As

17:08

far as I'm aware, it was the first time a play

17:11

had come out and they said you can't do it at

17:13

all. So it wasn't just

17:15

a play of pencil through certain sections, but

17:18

it was actually like you're not allowed to do this play.

17:20

And then I believe they set up a sort of private

17:22

theatre club as a way to stage it and

17:25

that led to the court case. And I think

17:27

Olivier famously testified on its behalf and it

17:29

brought about the end of censorship. The

17:32

thing about Edward also was that,

17:34

remember, he was a class warrior.

17:37

In himself, with his

17:39

fundamental views, the

17:42

theatre was a kind of cleansing instrument.

17:44

It was supposed to cleanse you of misconceptions

17:48

and bourgeois desire

17:51

for diversion

17:53

and pleasure. You know, Edward was unique.

17:56

You know, he didn't make a big

17:58

thing about being a warrior. working

18:00

class writer. I don't think

18:03

he was interested in structures of power

18:05

and he was obviously influenced by his

18:09

upbringing and his background. But

18:13

he was more mercurial

18:16

and contradictory as all

18:20

great writers are. And so it's

18:22

very hard to define him as one thing. I

18:25

think that the play drama is

18:27

serious and it is at the

18:29

core of democracy. As human beings,

18:32

the dramatic species, we can only

18:34

solve the chaos, the necessary chaos

18:36

inside us by dramatising it. And

18:39

so that's why the

18:41

Greeks invented this. That's why they

18:43

were such a colossally influential culture.

18:46

And it makes me think about this

18:49

reputation because I never met Harold

18:51

Pinto. As far as I'm aware, he

18:53

could be really difficult. But

18:56

he was more what you might call clubbable, wasn't

18:59

he? Like cricket and like going out for a

19:01

meal or something, you know, like David Degas or

19:03

wine or whatever, I believe. So

19:05

it's interesting that British theatre can

19:07

accommodate one type of difficult personality.

19:09

And there's probably

19:11

other examples of this, where there was something

19:13

about Edward that maybe was difficult because there

19:15

was a sort of ferocity

19:19

of purpose about the importance of

19:21

theatre. I don't

19:23

think Edward ever wrote a realistic play,

19:26

you know, a straightforward

19:28

depiction of life. There was

19:30

always often this

19:32

surreal tendency within his

19:35

writing. But I believe, I

19:38

hope, I really do hope that

19:41

Edward's plays will be

19:43

among the ones that really survive. Because

19:49

precisely because of their

19:52

divergence from realism,

19:57

they are great poetic documents.

20:00

And in the hands of wonderful

20:02

actors and wonderful directors, I

20:04

think they can be unforgettable.

20:07

It was a privilege to

20:10

know him because I would say apart

20:12

from maybe Sarah Kane, who I knew

20:14

well, he's the

20:16

only other probable genius that

20:18

I've ever met, you know,

20:21

in the true sense of like being so connected

20:23

to the thing he did. And

20:26

those plays are among the best

20:28

plays written in the 20th century. Sean

20:30

Holmes on Edward Bond, who's died aged

20:33

89. This week's

20:35

last words also go to the darts

20:37

commentator Tony Green, who was best known

20:39

for being the scorer and announcer on

20:41

the long-running quiz show Bullseye, and

20:43

to Ronnie Campbell, the former miner who went on

20:45

to serve as the Labour MP for Blythe Valley

20:48

for 32 years. But

20:52

now we remember the patron saint

20:54

of lonely hearts everywhere. The

21:03

American singer and songwriter Eric Carmen, who's

21:06

died aged 74, was the

21:08

writer and performer of several huge hits

21:10

in the 1970s and 80s, of which

21:12

all by myself was the most successful.

21:15

It was later taken back into the charts by

21:18

Celine Dion. The composer and

21:20

conductor Debbie Wiseman is a fan of

21:22

Eric's music. He grew up

21:24

listening to the songs of

21:26

Cole Porter, Rodgers and Hammerstein,

21:28

Henry Mancini, the great songwriters,

21:30

Irving Berlin, and he studied

21:32

classical piano from about the

21:35

age of 11 years old, which is actually quite

21:37

late for starting classical music, but he was writing

21:39

his own songs by around about the age of

21:41

12. And then he taught

21:43

himself to play guitar and was, I guess, at

21:45

heart, a real rocker. I

21:48

think he saw the Beatles film A Hard Day's Night

21:50

and he knew he wanted to join a band. And

21:53

as is often the case with musicians, they

21:55

move from band to band. And

21:58

he ended up in... the Raspberries

22:00

making these pop rock

22:03

records with power chords really

22:05

really good tunes. With

22:19

the Raspberries he had a hit with Go

22:21

All The Way which I think

22:23

was banned by the BBC but

22:26

later came to prominence in Guardians of

22:28

the Galaxy soundtrack and I've heard

22:30

the Raspberries described as having the guitar riffs

22:32

of the who mixed with the lyrics

22:34

of the Beatles. Does

22:43

that seem reasonable? Yeah

22:45

I think it does and it's interesting

22:47

that his songs have been used in

22:50

films. There was, I mean all by

22:52

myself was used famously in the opening

22:54

sequence of Bridget Jones's Diary. Hungry Eye

22:56

is actually featured in Dirty Dancing. I

22:59

think it's because the songs have stirring

23:03

strong melodies and

23:05

they're very suited to filmmakers needs

23:07

because they're storytelling songs and they're

23:10

powerful and memorable and much of

23:13

his melodic writing is so memorable.

23:15

I mean you can sing them

23:17

after one listen, you can remember

23:19

them and that was his incredible

23:22

gift. But he was indebted

23:25

for some of those melodies

23:27

to Rachmaninoff wasn't he? He

23:29

was, so in 1975 he

23:31

recorded his first solo album for

23:33

Arista Records and All By Myself

23:36

was the first single. Now he believed in

23:38

that song, he believed it was going to

23:40

be a hit even though the record company

23:42

would have preferred a much more upbeat number

23:45

as the first single but he felt it

23:47

was going to be a hit and

23:49

he was right. I mean it's international top

23:51

five record and the

23:53

first tune in the

23:55

verse, the very first melody you

23:58

hear, Rachmaninoff's second movement from his piano

24:00

concerto number two in C minor

24:02

goes like this. That's

24:16

soaring, beautiful da da. Now it

24:18

doesn't take you very much imagination

24:21

to hear what he did when he goes

24:24

in the first verse. When

24:29

he puts it in a different key. And

24:52

you've got a hit. I mean that's a hit. It's a

24:54

hit tune. And he did the same with Never

24:58

Gonna Fall in Love Again. So the

25:00

opening of the third movement of Rachmaninoff

25:02

Symphony number two in E minor, very

25:06

famous melody. Beautiful

25:08

searing tunes, sounds like this. And then

25:10

this is time it's

25:12

in the chorus, exactly the same melody but

25:15

with the most wonderful words

25:32

going with it. Never Gonna Fall in Love Again. So

26:09

Eric Skill was in recognising the

26:11

power of those rackman and off

26:13

tunes but then adding his own

26:15

dimension to it through the lyrics.

26:18

Through the lyrics, through the manipulation

26:20

of the tune with the lyrics, which was

26:22

very clever, he could create these three and

26:24

a half minute hits that could touch

26:27

your soul, truly memorable, little

26:29

miniature symphonic songs really that

26:32

were so beautifully crafted.

26:34

And Eric acknowledged that debt

26:36

to rackman and off right from the off, did he? Yeah.

26:39

He didn't try to keep that secret. No, not at

26:41

all. And it wasn't only rackman and off

26:43

that he loved. He loved the Beatles, the

26:46

Who, the Beach Boys. He

26:48

was inspired by many people and

26:50

that inspiration fed his own creativity

26:52

and fed into his own music

26:55

and his writing. And he

26:57

had this gift of just being able

27:00

to create an atmosphere in a song,

27:02

a soaring tune. Classical

27:04

music provides very rich pickings

27:07

for eager songwriters and lyricists

27:10

because the melodies are so beautiful,

27:12

they're so timeless and you can manipulate

27:14

them. And in the hands of somebody

27:16

like Eric Carman, they're manipulated with

27:18

such expertise and such beauty and

27:20

it touches your soul in a different

27:23

way. You know, rackman and off

27:25

never probably intended that tune, which

27:27

is soaring on the violins ever

27:29

to have lyrics with it. But

27:31

then Eric takes that melody

27:33

and opens it up to a whole

27:36

new audience, a different audience perhaps. And

27:39

that melody soars in another

27:41

completely different way. The

27:43

music

27:46

of Eric Carman, he's a very

27:51

beautiful songwriter. The music

27:53

of Eric Carman, he's died aged 74. This

27:56

week you also heard last words on the playwright

27:58

Edward Bond. resistance fighter Nicola

28:01

Trahan and the campaigner Audrey Adams.

28:03

Don't forget there are hundreds of

28:05

other fascinating life stories in the

28:07

Last Word Archive on BBC Scenes.

28:13

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