In a time before telescope photography revolutionized astronomy, skilled artists translated the wonders of the cosmos into breathtaking illustrations. Imagination often took the lead, resulting in remarkable—and sometimes dubious—claims. Over a century ago, Percival Lowell captivated the public with his assertion that he discovered canals on Mars, suggesting the presence of an advanced civilization. For those who embrace skepticism, we delve into a critical examination of Lowell’s theories through the lens of Alfred Russel Wallace’s 1907 rebuttal. Join us on this captivating journey through history as we unravel the stories and debates that shaped our understanding of Mars. - Summary by ToddHW