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Welcome to Noble Blood, a production

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of I Heart Radio and Grimm and Mild

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from Aaronminkie. Listener discretion

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is advised. On

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November eighth, fifteen forty

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one, Queen Catherine

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Howard was brought to a small room

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to sit opposite Thomas Cranmer,

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Archbishop of Canterbury. The

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Archbishop had assured King Henry

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the Eighth a few days prior that his

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interrogation would be harsh and merciless,

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that he would import on the King's young bride

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the severity of her crimes

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and scare her into full honesty.

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But when Cranmore saw the young girl, he

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felt his resolve drain away. She

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was weeping, already frantic

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with grief and terror, her

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bloodshot eyes darting around

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the room as if an executioner's

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blade could appear at any moment.

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But she also looked so small,

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so young. She was a

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nineteen year old girl, and she was

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in a chair that looked far too big

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for her. Grandmar

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really had all the information already

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that his investigation really needed.

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Only two weeks ago, the allegations

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had just been a rumor, a single

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rumor from a single source. The

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claim was this, that the new queen

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had been less than virginal

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when she had married the king. Someone

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had informed the archbishop that

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in Catherine's home growing up, she

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had not one but two affairs,

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first with her music teacher and then

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with her grandmother's secretary.

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Did you or did you not? Cranmar

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began, as soon as Catherine had caught

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her breath, have a sexual

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relationship with your music teacher,

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Henry Mannox when you were living

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with your grandmother, the dowager Duchess

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in Lambeth. Catherine

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wailed, no, sir, it

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was a flirtation, that's all. He

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never knew me, and the way a husband knows his

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wife. I have only ever been

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true to King Henry. And

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what of a secretary? Some time later,

2:16

a man named Francis Derham?

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Did you know him? Intimately? Catherine's

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breath began to quicken

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erratically. Cranmar noticed

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her cheeks and dressed sleeves were

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both wet with tears. Be

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honest, child, Granmar said,

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The Lord is merciful to those who

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are honest. As almost

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an afterthought, he added, I

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have already spoken to both men. Catherine

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didn't respond, and Cranmar

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continued, you and Derham

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called each other husband and wife. Did

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you not, Catherine nodded,

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Were you formally bound to

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Earham? The archbishop continued,

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still unable to quite locate the harsh

3:04

tone that he had rehearsed. Did

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you lie with him?

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Once more? Katherine nodded her head.

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We did lie together two or

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three times in my bed in

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the maidens chamber when I lived in Lambeth.

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But I never betrayed King Henry.

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I never betrayed my husband or sinned

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against him in any way. But

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she had already said enough. She

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had betrayed the king, betrayed

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him by pretending to be a virgin in

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a lie by omission, humiliated

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the king by now letting the whole

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world know that he had been fooled

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by a teenager. Catherine

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broke down in sobs. As

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he left, the archbishop quietly

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whispered to the guards that they should

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remove any items from her chamber

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that might allow her to commit suicide.

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Katherine Howard and King Henry the Eighth

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had only been married about sixteen

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months, and now with her

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past revealed, she knew

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that her time as queen was over. With

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Henry's history, she would be lucky

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to make it out with her head for

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a little while, it seemed as though she might. After

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her interrogation, Catherine was

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sent away from court to Sion

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Abbey. It seemed as though

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the King was going to show her mercy. Her

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arrangement with Francis Dirham could

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technically qualify as a pre contract,

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which would mean her marriage to Henry was invalid,

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getting him off the hook easy. Katherine

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would have to give up her jewels and possessions

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and live in exile, away from court

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for the rest of her life. It looked

4:43

as though that was what was going to happen. It

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looked that way for exactly three

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days. Three days

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after Katherine Howard's interrogation,

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Francis Dirham revealed, under

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torture something else about

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Queen Catherine, something

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that the King wouldn't be able

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to look upon with mercy. From

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that moment, Catherine's fate

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was sealed. I'm

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danishwartz and this is

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noble blood. When

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Catherine Howard, motherless girl,

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was eight years old, she was sent

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to live at the estate of her father's

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stepmother, her stepgrandmother,

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the Dowager Duchess of Norfolk. The

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Dowager Duchess seemed to collect

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wards she had about a dozen

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or so girls under her care, mostly

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the daughters of poorer relations, and

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the idea was that under the dowager

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Duchess's supervision, the girls

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would learn the skills of court and aristocracy,

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although in effect supervision

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was a little lax. The

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year Katherine Howard turned thirteen,

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two major things happened. First,

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her cousin Anne Boleyn was

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beheaded for adultery

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during her marriage to King Henry the eighth.

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Second, Katherine Howard

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began a flirtation with her music teacher,

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a man named Henry Mannox,

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who had been hired to teach the girls

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how to play the Virginals.

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Mannox was exactly the type

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of man that Catherine would fall in love

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with for the rest of her life. He

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was every stereotype of a poetic

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musician, moody, romantic,

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wildly passionate. We

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don't know how old Mannix was at the

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time. He could have been a teenager

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himself somewhere around nineteen,

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or he could have been approaching forty.

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Either way, it was not a

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relationship that an extremely

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young aristocratic men should

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have been engaged in, especially

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not in a world in which a woman's

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sexual purity was her primary

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currency. Catherine,

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for her part, refused to let Mannox

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go all the way. The relationship

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occurred mainly in the hiding spots

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around the estate grounds, where

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they could kiss each other and whisper words

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of love into each other's ears. That's

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where the Dowager Duchess found them

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kissing in an alcove near the chapel.

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The Dowager Duchess slapped Katherine

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twice and forbade the couple

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from ever seeing each other again. The

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warning didn't deter the pair. I

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don't know why you're still seeing her, said

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Mary Lassells one day to Mannix.

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Mary Lassell's was another young woman

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under the Dowager Duchess's lack supervision,

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but lower ranked than Katherine, and

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so she felt a sort of kinship with Mannox,

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who was more or less irvant. She's

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much too high born for you, Mary said,

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she's never going to marry you. You know that,

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right. Mannax sneered

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and curled his lip. He took

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a step closer to Mary Lassells

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and told her that he already

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knew Catherine Howard by her private

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parts. And he

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said, she's already promised

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her maidenhead to me. For

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Mary Lassell's word got

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around and back to Katherine Howard

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what Mannox had said. She

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ended their relationship the next day in

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the estates orchard. Mannox

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pleaded that he was just so far in

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love with her that he didn't know what he said,

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but Catherine didn't care. Besides,

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Mary Lassell's had been right. She

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was too high born for him.

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That's why teenage Catherine felt

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as though she was a much better fit for

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Francis Dearham, the Dowager,

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just as Secretary Darrem

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already had a reputation and

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seduced a good percentage of the women at the

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estate, including Katherine's

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Owes secretary. In fact,

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it was she who recommended dear Him

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to Catherine, praising him so

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highly that Katherine couldn't help

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but be intrigued. It

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was the type of whirlwind passion

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that only a teenager can have. Within

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months, they were calling each other husband

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and wife, planning for an imaginary

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future together. They sent

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each other gifts and wrote each other

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letters. Katherine,

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still under her grandmother's custody,

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didn't have the income to buy the dresses she

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wanted, and so Dearham bought

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her beautiful fabric and taught

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her which dressmaker to go to. I'll

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pay you back, I promise, Catherine

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said. Dearham just smiled.

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Though the girls the dowager Duchess's

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estate slept in a single room,

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the maiden's chamber, and though

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the girls usually slept to a bed, there

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were still ways for girls to entertain

10:11

male visitors. The

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maidens chamber was locked every

10:16

night, to preserve the girl's virtue,

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of course, but Catherine

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had an answer for that. While

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her friends giggled and encouraged her,

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Katherine snuck into the dowager Duchess's

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chamber while her stepgrandmother was sleeping

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and stole the key, quickly making

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a copy and replacing it. Men

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snuck into the room. Then Katherine

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wasn't the only one of the wards who had an illicit

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boyfriend. The men brought with

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them wine and strawberries and apples,

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and the boys and girls would laugh and

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talk or sneak off to beds together until

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one or two in the morning. We

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can be almost certain that Dearman

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Katherine, who by this point had

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been spending every moment together, were

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having sex. Dearham

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privately assured his friends that

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he knew enough to ensure that Katherine

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wouldn't get pregnant. Meanwhile,

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Mannox, bitter music teacher, was

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furious at Katherine and her new paramour.

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In his neatest script, he wrote

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a letter to the Dowager Duchess

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informing her that if she were to come

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to the maidens chamber an hour or so

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after she normally went to bed, she

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would see something she wouldn't like

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very much, involving a certain

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one of her secretaries. Mannix

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anonymously left the note in

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the Dowager Duchess's pew in the

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chapel so she would find it. That

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night, she stormed into the maidens

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chamber to catch not Katherine

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and Dearham, but a man named

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Hastings, another one of her secretaries,

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who had already been caught once flirting

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with one of the other girls. Katherine

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was in the here, but

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Catherine knew who the note had been written

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by, and she knew that it had been

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intended for her, and Dearham agreed.

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Puffing out his chest, Dearham

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confronted Mannix, telling him

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that his behavior made it appear as though he

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never loved Catherine at all. Mannix

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called him a cad. Two

12:22

jealous men dressing each other down

12:24

over their secret love affair. It

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was like a scene from Gossip Girl, half a millennium

12:29

before its time. People

12:31

knew that Derrim and Catherine were having an affair

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people other than the Dowager Duchess. But

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people also liked Catherine. She was

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a vivacious and funny and entertaining

12:42

Plus she was high ranking. They

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had no reason to rad her out or risk

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incurring the wrath of her grandmother for

12:48

being the ones to deliver the bad news.

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But like almost all wildly

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passionate love affairs, the one

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between Derehm and Catherine became less

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exciting. Catherine stopped

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being entranced by Dearham when she

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was presented with a new, gilded

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opportunity. Her family

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connections had secured her a position

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as a lady in waiting for the new Queen

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Anne of Cleaves, who would be arriving

13:16

to England later that fall. In

13:19

the same apple orchard where she had broken

13:21

up with Mannix, Katherine Howard

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told Dearham that she was leaving. His

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version of the story involves her weeping

13:29

with sorrow. Her version

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is her losing her temper at his insistence

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that they stayed together. It's

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possible both of her. She cried,

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and she lost her temper, and she

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left Dereham, thinking that there was still a chance

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they were going to end up together. But

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there wasn't. She was just going.

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Katherine had grown up thinking her house in

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Lambeth was grand. She had

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no idea what would await her at

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the court of Henry the Eighth. So

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many people, so many dances,

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so much food, so much

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to learn For the confident girl

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who had only ever been the queen b of

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the band of teenagers in the maidens

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Chamber, she was paid

14:16

ten pounds a year. With her

14:18

first paycheck, she sent money

14:20

back to dear Him to repay him

14:22

for the fabric he had bought her. The

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new Queen of England, Anne of Cleave's,

14:28

wasn't set to arrive for another few

14:30

months, so in the meantime the

14:32

new ladies got to know each other and

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got to know the men of court. For

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Catherine, that meant being instantly

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drawn to a gentleman named

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Thomas Culpepper. Culpepper

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was tall and athletic, the

14:47

type of man that Henry kept around him

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because he made him feel young again. Culpepper,

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for his part, had an incredibly

14:56

checkered past. There was a

14:58

rumor about him being convicted of

15:00

raping a woman in the village and

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murdering a villager who saw them,

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only to get off without consequences

15:07

with a royal pardon. Catherine

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knew none of that. She only

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saw the handsome, charismatic

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man that women seemed to gravitate

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towards, like hummingbirds to a flower,

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and Culpepper saw Catherine,

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a stunningly gorgeous girl of sixteen.

15:26

Every contemporary description of Katherine

15:28

Howard has that in common, the

15:31

understanding that Catherine was

15:33

uniquely pretty. For

15:35

a few weeks, Culpepper and Catherine

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engaged in a typical court flirtation.

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Catherine would report back to her fellow

15:44

ladies in waiting, giggling, helping

15:46

to decipher everything that Culpepper

15:48

had said to her that day. Catherine

15:51

knew that her virtue at court would be essential

15:54

in ensuring that she make an advantageous

15:56

marriage, and so when Culpepper

15:59

started making sexual overtures

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expecting her to come to bed, she

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declined, even as he professed

16:06

his courtly love. If

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he loved her, Catherine believed he would

16:10

understand. But Culpepper

16:13

wasn't a man accustomed to sexual

16:15

rejection or even delay.

16:18

With Catherine's refusal, he shrugged

16:21

and set his sights upon a new girl.

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It was Catherine Howard's first time

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getting her heart broken. The

16:29

other ladies in waiting saw

16:31

her spend days crying and

16:34

ripping up his letters. Luckily,

16:39

Catherine wouldn't have to wallow too long

16:41

in heartbreak. Almost immediately

16:44

after Anne of Cleave's arrived in England,

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Henry the eighth decided that he didn't

16:49

care for her and set about trying

16:51

to arrange an end to their arranged

16:53

marriage. In the meantime,

16:56

the king began doting on his new brides,

16:59

very pretty, very young lady

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in waiting, Katherine Howard. He

17:04

sent gifts and gave her land

17:07

everyone saw, including Anne of Cleaves,

17:10

but she hoped it was just an affair. It

17:13

wasn't. Henry secured

17:15

the annulment from Anne of Cleaves within a

17:17

few months and married Catherine

17:20

Howard so quickly afterward that

17:22

people assumed that she must be secretly

17:24

pregnant. In fact,

17:27

Henry was just absolutely besotted

17:30

with his new bride, who was just

17:32

sixteen or seventeen years old.

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Henry was fifty. They

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were married the very same day

17:39

that Henry's former minister, Thomas

17:42

Cromwell, was executed

17:44

for securing the disastrous marriage

17:46

to Anne of Cleaves. The

17:53

middle aged Henry was so amorous

17:55

to Catherine Howard that it almost embarrassed

17:58

the rest of court. He didn't

18:00

take his hands off of her in public, caressing

18:03

her almost constantly, to the point

18:05

where ambassadors noted that he had

18:08

never been this publicly affectionate

18:10

with any of his wives to this extent

18:12

before. Of course,

18:15

Henry believed that his young bride was a virgin

18:17

and that he was the only man she had

18:19

ever laid with. Catherine

18:22

was so young and so beautiful

18:24

that she made Henry feel as though he were back

18:26

in his prime, even as it became

18:29

exceedingly obvious that he was

18:31

not. Pain in his legs

18:33

from his long troublesome ulcers kept

18:35

getting worse. Henry had

18:38

difficulty with impotence in the bedroom,

18:40

even as he made his attraction to Catherine

18:43

increasingly obvious outside

18:45

the bedroom. Henry's

18:47

doctors advised him to spend time

18:49

away from his new bride so that he

18:51

could recuperate. In

18:54

the meantime, they put him on a weight loss regiment

18:56

and wrapped his injured leg in boiled

18:59

olive, lee eaves and murder. Henry's

19:02

ill health and generally mercurial

19:05

nature, combined with his shame

19:07

at his inability to perform in the bedroom,

19:10

meant that he spent most nights away

19:12

from Catherine. A

19:15

year into their marriage, Catherine

19:17

had no pregnancy to show for it. Catherine

19:20

knew full well what happened to queens

19:22

who didn't give Henry sons. As

19:25

her relationship with the King continued

19:28

to strain, Catherine began

19:30

to shut herself away, unhappy

19:32

and anxious, refusing

19:34

to go to dances. Uncertain

19:36

of her future position. That

19:39

summer strain or not, Katherine

19:42

was to accompany Henry on the Northern

19:44

Progress, a show of force

19:47

and majesty to the rebellious northern

19:49

parts of the country. Catherine,

19:52

as the beautiful young queen, was an

19:54

essential prop for the outing, to

19:56

make Henry look all the more vital and powerful

19:59

with her at side. But

20:01

Catherine took ill on the journey, spending

20:04

days and nights alone in her room.

20:07

When the King sent a servant to her chamber

20:09

one night, he found it bolted. The

20:12

queen's ladies fretted about her

20:14

listlessness, but they also whispered

20:17

about the way she gazed down from

20:19

her window at Thomas Culpepper,

20:22

the young handsome man in the

20:24

King's entourage, who had caught

20:27

her eye from the moment that she had arrived

20:29

at court. The way she

20:31

looked at him with her hand cupped

20:33

in her palm, it was almost

20:36

like love. When

20:38

the trip to the north of the country ended and

20:40

they all returned to Hampton Court on October

20:43

nine, Henry gave a speech giving

20:45

hearty thanks for his good life with Catherine

20:48

and his trust in their happy future together.

20:52

The very next day, everything

20:54

would fall apart. Do

20:59

you remember Mary Lassell's

21:02

the girl from Catherine's time with the

21:04

Dowager Duchess Away

21:07

from court, Mary Lassell's brother

21:09

John was reprimanding her for

21:11

not being able to secure a position

21:14

in the new Queen's household. Didn't

21:17

you two know each other? John scoffed

21:19

at her. Mary Lassell's

21:21

bristled at her brother's derision. Yes,

21:24

I knew her. I wouldn't even want

21:27

to be in that household under a queen

21:29

like her. I remember how she behaved

21:31

back when she was in Lambeth. John

21:34

paused and asked for more

21:36

details. Mary

21:38

Lassell's told him about Henry

21:40

Mannox and Francis Dearham.

21:43

Everybody knows the Queen wasn't so pure

21:45

when she married the King, Mary said.

21:49

John stopped in his tracks and demanded

21:51

that Mary tell him everything

21:53

she knew, and John Lassell's,

21:56

a devout Protestant reformer, went

21:59

to tell the arch Bishop, Thomas Cranmer.

22:03

Cranmer was in a delicate position.

22:06

On one hand, this was just a rumor and

22:09

he didn't want to incur Henry's wrath

22:11

over nothing. But on

22:13

the other hand, if he didn't tell

22:15

Henry and somehow word got out,

22:18

he would be responsible. And

22:20

so on November two, in

22:23

incredibly measured words, Granmar

22:26

put the delicate claims in writing

22:29

in a letter and left it on

22:31

Henry's seat in Chapel. Henry

22:35

was, of course outraged. He

22:38

didn't believe the rumors for a moment, but

22:40

still he demanded a full investigation.

22:44

Man X and Dearham both confessed.

22:48

On November six, without telling

22:50

Catherine Howard, Henry the Eighth

22:53

left Hampton Court and rode to

22:55

Greenwich. She would never

22:57

see him again. Once

22:59

Henry was done with a wife, you wanted

23:01

her out of sight at

23:07

Greenwich, Henry held a midnight

23:09

meeting that lasted for six hours,

23:12

in which he and his ministers decided

23:14

what to do. At one

23:16

point, Henry broke down in tears.

23:20

Why have I had such bad luck in

23:22

meeting these ill conditioned women, he

23:25

cried. He grabbed

23:27

a sword. Maybe I should just go

23:29

and kill her myself. However

23:31

much pleasure she had in her sins, it

23:33

won't be half as much as her torture in

23:35

death, Henry's men

23:37

subdued him. He really had

23:39

been in love, he thought, with his

23:42

beautiful young fifth wife.

23:45

The next day, Catherine knew

23:48

something was a mess. No one

23:50

had told her anything. The investigation had

23:52

been completely secret, but

23:54

Henry was gone and had left no word

23:57

about where he was. She

23:59

could scent something in the air. When

24:02

her musicians started to play, she silenced

24:05

them. It's no time for dancing,

24:07

she said. That night,

24:10

she was brought before Thomas Granmar, where

24:13

she confessed. Henry

24:16

showed mercy enough that Catherine

24:18

should be spared death and a real imprisonment

24:21

in favor of a life of exile

24:23

at Ccion House. But

24:25

then a November, under

24:29

torture, Francis Dirham said

24:31

something new. No, he

24:34

promised he had never slept with the Queen

24:36

while she was married to the king, but

24:38

everyone knew Thomas Culpepper

24:40

did. Now

24:43

there is no heart evidence to prove

24:45

that Thomas Culpepper and Catherine actually

24:48

slept together. She went

24:50

to the grave denying it, but

24:53

soon details began to

24:55

emerge. In the

24:57

spring after her wedding, feeling

25:00

distant from Henry and lonely at court,

25:03

Katherine and Thomas began exchanging

25:05

love letters. They

25:07

sent little gifts back and forth.

25:11

Their letters became more and more

25:13

emotional and personal.

25:16

I trust in you that you will always

25:19

be as you have promised me, Katherine

25:21

wrote. She signed the letter

25:24

yours as long as life endures,

25:27

and that summer Culpepper had been

25:30

in the large group of courtiers who accompanied

25:32

Henry and Catherine on the northern progress.

25:36

Had she really been sick when

25:38

she insisted on staying alone in her

25:40

room? Ladies were interrogated.

25:44

Jane Rochford confessed

25:46

that at one of the stops, Culpepper

25:49

used a secret door that led

25:52

up backstairs directly

25:54

to Queen Catherine's bed chamber. Other

25:57

ladies were interrogated about whether Catherine

26:00

and Culpepper we're having an affair.

26:03

I don't know for certain. One lady said,

26:06

I am inclined to believe the queen, except

26:10

except the Archbishop prompted,

26:14

except the way she looked at Culpepper

26:16

from her window. I would

26:18

have believed her if I hadn't

26:21

seen the way she gazed at him.

26:23

Catherine had been in love, and

26:26

she hadn't been able to hide it. Dearham

26:35

was hanged, quartered and disemboweled.

26:38

Culpepper, as a gentleman, was

26:41

simply beheaded. Meanwhile,

26:44

Catherine waited at Scion House, knowing

26:46

her fate would be arriving swiftly.

26:50

In January. An act of attainder

26:53

made it treason for a woman to marry

26:55

the king without plain declaration

26:57

of having previously lived in chase

27:00

life. That was it. The

27:03

final piece had been put into place to

27:05

ensure that Catherine would receive

27:07

the death that Henry wanted for her. Anne

27:11

Boleyn had been taken to the Tower of London

27:13

under full light of day. Catherine

27:16

had the privilege of arriving at night, although

27:19

when the guards arrived at Zion House to

27:21

take her to the barge, she collapsed

27:24

in a fit of panic. Lucky

27:27

it was dark during her boat ride

27:29

down the Thames or else she would

27:31

have seen the rotting heads of

27:33

Francis Dirham and Thomas

27:35

Culpepper leering down at

27:37

her from London Bridge. That

27:41

night, locked in the Tower of London,

27:44

she heard the gates playing shut and

27:47

the locks on the doors turn. She

27:50

was told that she would be killed two

27:52

days later. After

27:55

her final confession, Catherine

27:57

made a request that the guard take

27:59

a back. Couldn't refuse. She

28:03

asked for the block that she would be

28:05

be headed on to be brought to her

28:07

chamber so that she could practice.

28:11

Catherine wanted to at least die

28:13

with grace or as a little

28:15

humiliation as possible, and

28:18

she had heard stories of botched executions,

28:21

including the execution of Thomas Cromwell,

28:23

which it took four, five, even

28:26

as many as ten strokes for

28:28

the head to fully come off, and

28:32

so for hours on

28:34

her last day on earth, Catherine

28:38

Howard kneeled in her cell at

28:40

the Tower of London and raised

28:42

and lowered the pretty neck on

28:45

the black block. When

28:47

the time finally came and she

28:50

was escorted to the very spot where

28:52

her cousin Anne Boleyn had died

28:54

only six years earlier, Catherine

28:57

knew exactly what to do MH.

29:00

So she shook. She lowered her

29:03

head into the valley of the block with

29:05

well practiced ease, and

29:07

the executioner took her head

29:09

off with a single blow. She

29:13

had gone from orphan to lady to

29:15

queen. Two dead in

29:17

two years. Katherine

29:20

Howard hadn't yet reached her twenty

29:22

one birthday.

29:31

That's the very short, tragic

29:34

life of Catherine Howard. Stick

29:36

around after a brief sponsor break to hear

29:38

a little bit more about the consequences

29:40

of the investigation of Catherine's

29:42

infidelity.

29:53

Dearham Culpepper, Jane Rockford,

29:55

and of course Katherine lost

29:58

their lives in the aftermath of the investigation

30:01

of Catherine's affairs, But

30:03

there are two ladies whose fates

30:05

fascinate me. During

30:07

the course of the investigation, two

30:10

of Catherine's ladies were caught

30:12

gossiping idly about the king. What

30:15

kind of man is this king? I mean, how

30:17

many wives really have? The

30:19

two women were jailed for their

30:21

words, which just goes

30:24

to show. If I had been alive in Tudor,

30:26

England, with the way that I talked

30:28

casually to my friends about my research

30:30

for this podcast, things would

30:33

not have ended well for me. I

30:35

also want to offer a quick note about

30:38

Catherine Howard's age and her sexual

30:40

activity. It's troubling

30:43

it isn't quite possible to apply our

30:46

modern understanding of the age of consent

30:49

onto the behavior of historical figures

30:51

in the sixteenth century. Five

30:54

years ago, a girl was considered a woman

30:56

as soon as she began having her period, and

30:59

a teenager marrying a man twice

31:01

or even three times her age, far

31:03

from being seen as an active abuse

31:05

or pedophilia, was unfortunately

31:08

incredibly common. Still,

31:11

it's important to understand that these are real

31:14

people. Katherine was

31:16

a teenager, and her decision making

31:19

and experiences were those of someone

31:21

incredibly young. Personally,

31:24

I find it most helpful not to

31:26

make broad declarations about Katherine

31:29

as a villain or a victim,

31:32

but just to do my best to try

31:34

to understand her with the

31:36

most empathy I possibly can. Noble

31:42

Blood is a production of I Heart Radio and

31:44

Grimm and Mild from Aaron Manky.

31:46

The show was written and hosted by Danis Schwartz

31:49

and produced by Aaron Mankey, Matt Frederick,

31:51

Alex Williams, and Trevor Young.

31:54

Noble Blood is on social media at Noble

31:56

Blood tales, and you can learn more about

31:58

the show over at Noble blood Tails dot com.

32:01

For more podcasts from I Heart Radio, visit

32:03

the I heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,

32:06

or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.

32:09

M HM