Arang Keshavarzian is Professor of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies at New York University. He’s one of the most shrewd thinkers you’ll see on the politics of modern Iran and the Persian Gulf because he pays serious attention to how social and economic hierarchies constrain the formation of political solidarity.

His most recent book is Making Space for the Gulf: Histories of Regionalism and the Middle East. That text studies the history of the Persian Gulf both in terms of the politics of its naming, and the politics of geography. This idea, that geography is political, stands at the centre of our conversation here.

With the world’s publics, news outlets and governments hyper-focused on the Strait of Hormuz, Keshavarzian is focused on helping others grasp the fact that while the strait is currently a chokepoint, it has historically been a gateway. What if international relations could be revolutionized to protect the strait with something other than drones and bombs? The weapon of multilateralism is underused, but Keshavarzian believes that it might be the most powerful way to open up new pathways to environmental protection, social vibrancy and a more inclusive model of prosperity.

In his article “Iran Transformed,” he historicizes the rise of austerity economics and politics in Iran, and the ways that this funneled wealth to a ruling elite in a country already beset by sanctions and isolation. This shift to privatization and monopoly capitalism “entrenched and empowered” the ruling class “by halting the economic redistribution that had been underway prior to 2012.”

Iran’s support for Palestinian liberation is a key focus here, too, as it has in many ways defined its relationships with other states in the region, especially the genocidal regime in Israel.

Fundamentally, though, the interview gravitates to the question of orientalism and Islamophobia, and its geopolitical consequences. Keshavarzian insists that “depictions of the region” present it as “peripheral to world history, an endemic zone of conflict, an energy depot for expanding industrial capitalism elsewhere, or a bastion of traditional tribalism and petro-monarchies.” The world, though, is beginning to realize that it the so-called “Middle East” is a fulcrum of global politics, and a part of the Earth that much of the planet is still reliant upon, and not just for fossil energy.#straitofhormuz #oilshock #economiccrisis #globalrecession #iran #iranpolitics #iranianrevolution #persiangulf #anticolonialism #palestine #freepalestine #israel #uspolicy #usforeignpolicy #neoliberalism #waroniran #freeiran #islamophobia #orientalism #revolution