0:01

it ain't over the called his shitless saw

0:04

a university of sydney

0:06

and also talked to somebody from a different university

0:09

who is kind of to help me i hope

0:11

is always questions or have about like talked

0:13

to a spill see about but it's

0:15

called that we'd celtic pronunciation of have

0:17

you pronounce it shoveling shit on

0:19

that stretch shove on the banks

0:22

likes of joseph banks yes stretch and

0:24

you're from the university of south australia

0:26

that's roche and you've written all these papers

0:28

on sleep oh my god i've been wanting to talk

0:30

to sleep expensive so long so how long

0:32

have you been researching this field professor shovel

0:34

and

0:36

i'm twenty years now

0:38

twenty two twenty three years yeah

0:40

so you may feel almost better

0:43

knowledgeable could you go from us as

0:45

exercise stage process we start

0:47

off with data and he measured too that

0:50

had the information than thou for while into

0:52

knowledge that are for that little bit

0:54

more time into wisdom and if

0:56

you're very lucky the

0:58

enlightenment the not a ship say that

1:00

they get to talk how are you

1:03

know that see extra placed all of this okay

1:05

so the argue to tokyo or

1:07

one was one was professorship own why

1:09

do we very

1:11

good questions as ago

1:14

would you ask a lot you know it's sort of

1:16

like the golden chalice of research

1:18

in i insulate because there's

1:20

, of different series we don't know

1:22

one hundred percent probably the most

1:24

populous theory is that it's to

1:26

do with a metabolic kind

1:29

of benefit that when we sleep at night or

1:31

bodies in rest were not using as much

1:33

energy space be a more recent

1:35

discoveries around it's cognitive function

1:37

so it's benefits of memory and learning

1:39

and all of those sorts of things and

1:41

then there was then there controversial paper recently

1:44

that said it's actually not white

1:47

that is our normal say it's it's actually

1:49

sleep and sort of from an evolutionary

1:51

perspective why is

1:53

the unusual sites

1:55

i was sued really discovering

1:57

what this all means and side of effortlessly

2:00

hi

2:01

these are they were the twenty first century and are

2:03

incredibly wise and have invented

2:06

weapons of mass destruction poetry and income

2:09

tax we still don't know always sleep

2:11

cs not one hundred percent

2:13

night where though when one is asleep

2:16

your brain is still liked isn't i'm

2:19

is it say to say this is another

2:21

person in control of your body

2:23

or says dr carlos sleeps busy

2:25

charge of things all the sleep and then seized

2:27

of a couple of awake and the to touch

2:30

base is is it not

2:31

really excited there are connections it's more

2:33

that the brain is kind of gone offline

2:35

somewhat so you're absolutely correct sleep

2:38

is actually quite active it's just

2:40

that they saw processes

2:42

that we practice ice skate with being a white

2:45

are organized in a different way than were asleep

2:48

and so we do have do have of sports

2:50

that happens bats for example during

2:52

deep sleep mode solve say functions

2:55

in the body and the brain a slowed

2:57

right down people

2:59

would think that perhaps

3:02

not much is going on in the brains are intake sleep

3:04

but there is actually more localized activity

3:06

in the brain and i think that that's when learning is really

3:09

happening but dreaming sleep

3:11

which is probably what people associate with associate

3:13

with asleep that's quite axes

3:15

that is either our brain trying out

3:18

all sorts of different combinations of sorts

3:21

we don't act outsize sports

3:23

because our body is hilde kind of paralyzed

3:26

say as sleep is a fascinating

3:29

kind of set of activities and behaviors

3:31

but it's actually really quite active as she said why

3:34

do we drink there's

3:36

lots of series about their kind of

3:38

function of the base defense taught to

3:40

sleep we have to the date sleep we

3:43

see that the brain is kind as active

3:45

bidding a very synchronized kind of way

3:47

and they is when we wake people up out of

3:49

of state sleep it is thought processes

3:52

that go on but they're much less

3:54

organized the kind of more transitory

3:56

thoughts whereas in dreaming slate when you

3:58

bite somebody up or you may remember

4:00

your drains in the morning when you buy top says

4:03

also these visits soaring

4:05

like back chaotic scenarios

4:08

that we we think about sys they

4:10

think that there's activities that go

4:12

on in the brain to help learning as

4:14

i said or strengths and memories and

4:16

as is also this idea of freeney

4:20

that kind of guys on a new ryan or preening

4:22

that happens because everything

4:24

we do create new

4:27

neural pathways if

4:29

we kept by his pathways it would end up

4:32

all of them over our last time it would end

4:34

up being is very confused sites

4:36

bit like a messy bedroom that is kept

4:38

accumulating south and some says we have to

4:40

clean it out one of the series

4:42

around sleep full that's full that's see

4:44

this kind of pruning that goes on but they connect

4:47

back to this idea that is learning

4:49

processes and strengthening of certain

4:52

learning and memory that occurred during sleep

4:57

do you mention the pruning

4:59

of memories of at the situation

5:01

where there was there was of people who don't have the

5:03

city set aside you remember we did that never

5:06

goes years ago now

5:08

there memory

5:10

through

5:12

maybe but i mean often been

5:14

, component of memories obviously being

5:16

able to observe it's and then

5:19

unit kind of put it in saves them

5:21

race to begin with size sometimes when

5:23

you're less observe and about a detail

5:25

of other people might be in

5:27

a very soon been to that particular

5:29

detail might not be something as important

5:31

to you so you haven't really retained

5:34

that memory as much and then then

5:36

whole scenario has been pruned

5:39

or not necessarily gone into long term memory

5:42

into how to sleep process so

5:44

your your not retaining the memories

5:46

in the same way memory there are a bit of a slippery

5:48

same memories not my area but it's

5:51

fascinating how much stay as they can

5:53

be

5:53

changed me viciously to sleep

5:56

or ever reading once you once

5:58

again please tell me if i'm the wrong

6:00

because many wrong things on my head of getting

6:02

ready to get them out

6:05

there was some a

6:07

study that showed the during the

6:09

if a certain stages your lives sex

6:12

opened up in your brain so these are

6:15

pops that a different from our trees

6:17

as a different surveys and

6:20

is a day works is some sort of doubling

6:22

of diameter of these pods and

6:25

as you do you base the hello

6:28

hundred one hundred that makes you double the diameter

6:30

use increase the slow right by sector

6:32

have studied yolks you erased

6:35

the fourth power equitable

6:37

is is that you sleeping to help flush

6:39

out chemicals was emphatic that it's a

6:42

big see a smoky are totally wrong

6:44

that's certainly as as is part of

6:46

our knowledge and and new understanding

6:48

of what goes

6:50

on during sleep is that one of

6:52

the same set of the brain is kind of

6:54

lost we is exactly

6:56

as he signed the these changes in the lymphatic

6:59

system not so much my area

7:01

of research bad i know that that

7:03

is also been connected to

7:06

some of the work being done around

7:08

dementia and alzheimer's and

7:11

how these various things might be connected

7:13

with sleep deprivation so when when not sleeping

7:16

well and when not getting that the

7:18

appropriate kind of washing use

7:20

of a better word of the brain this

7:23

is one of the things that could be connected

7:25

say i'm out scientists and

7:28

men chefs not my area of research so

7:30

i'm probably not able to give lots of

7:32

details about it but that does that

7:34

mean a my understanding

7:36

so do you have a large you

7:38

are you bringing people for one

7:40

night or or or something

7:41

we have a low bar a trade it's

7:43

kind of set up like a house in in a lot

7:45

of regards except there are no

7:47

windows and when we bring people

7:49

in a while they're in the study they don't leave

7:52

sites we often have people lives

7:54

in this environment for

7:57

several weeks at a time stay

8:00

the able to undergo different kinds

8:02

of studies so weekend we'll pet they

8:04

sleep like patton's says also

8:06

areas for testing we essentially

8:08

block off the outside world for

8:10

the participants and we create an environment

8:13

that is a wholly one that we

8:16

we want to test so we

8:18

are able to look at their cognitive performance

8:20

and their physiology and they psychology

8:23

i say lives on the sleep like schedule

8:25

the wiki it's and so we might

8:27

be asking questions about you know what happens when

8:31

sleep at all for a period of time

8:33

or if we're getting sort sleep or for getting disturb

8:36

sleep i swear able to really

8:38

assess what happens to wait for when

8:41

we mess with sleep

8:43

l only keep the people in

8:45

the study for

8:46

i've run studies where people have been in the

8:48

lab for three weeks

8:50

that is with when they sort of getting shortened

8:53

sleep each day but we've also

8:55

run studies with kept people awake for

8:58

long periods as well size seventy

9:00

hours he's not uncommon

9:02

when where china look at our what

9:04

happens over multiple days to

9:07

outperform it's when we don't get any sleep at all

9:10

okay notices taught for another missed by have

9:12

read on the internet service be true

9:15

that is you keep him without sleep for

9:17

insert a set number of days they go crazy

9:20

or die or something their performance

9:22

is degraded we see that people get very

9:24

hi or

9:26

i have yet to witness anybody going crazy

9:28

but also i should say that we screened

9:30

people pretty heavily before coming into the

9:32

lab studies make sure they fill seats and then

9:34

not in i am psychologically

9:37

vulnerable spots we are

9:39

you know i've never seen this this this

9:41

happens and interesting leads in

9:43

of really what happens when people become sleep

9:45

deprived they become so sleepy that in actual

9:47

fact that is the main

9:50

saying that they display we

9:52

know from some select guinness book

9:54

of records which they stop doing

9:56

and sleep deprivation as deprivation as of the guinness

9:58

record spots along there's someone

10:00

had been away with eleven days this

10:03

is someone from the sixties or randy

10:05

god that's pretty famous story to

10:07

look him up well

10:10

nine sleep research is monitored him

10:12

during that time but they didn't put things

10:14

like eg or other monitoring

10:17

devices on him to actually understand if he's

10:19

a brain was asleep during any of those time

10:21

so sometimes what we do

10:23

say is that people look alikes eyes

10:26

open sitting there but

10:28

actually their brain has brain has to sleep

10:30

sites that would you this record

10:33

could be on the slightly and slice it certainly

10:37

people can stay awake for long periods of time

10:39

without the craziness

10:41

occurring

10:42

one believe the normal thing was to sleep

10:45

all the way through the not and they'll start a really

10:47

good to say no no that's wrong

10:49

the normal thing before even electricity

10:52

was to sleep in two or three breaks

10:54

and not get a bit of it is censored by the middle

10:56

of it i'd have a cup of tea love

10:59

somebody very much suspicion like epic a sleeps with

11:01

where we stand on that please please visibly

11:03

with getting this from billy's adams

11:06

will this is a really interesting area

11:09

this whole area of kind of what did we

11:11

use today is what we did use

11:13

guy healthier than what we did now an

11:15

, know i think it's really fascinating because

11:18

a historian roger it treats did

11:20

some research several years

11:22

ago around looking at this idea if

11:25

of t slates in

11:27

an advanced really fascinating because it brings

11:29

into all these other ideas

11:31

that you have to consider around sleep in concerned

11:34

about environment and what other things

11:36

are going on say in from say historical

11:38

perspective several hundred years ago

11:41

while we were industrialized or

11:43

becoming industrialized they

11:45

cheat slicing was actually only

11:47

available to available small

11:49

group of people and sites people tended

11:51

to go to bed when it got dark

11:54

because it was called ah

11:57

fuel for the fire was expensive lighting was

11:59

expensive and can it go to bed earlier

12:02

but of course if you're in bed for

12:04

say at as you know a twelve hour period

12:06

or something because that's during winter when

12:08

it's dark they were gonna

12:10

be periods of time that your sleep and some periods

12:12

of time when you're awake as well and so i think

12:14

this was just much more except said that

12:17

people would has

12:19

some sleep during this and was less of

12:21

a concern about sort of waking up i'm

12:25

, hear from a number

12:27

of historical historical

12:29

and sort of things from the time says where project gets

12:31

his research from that the well see

12:33

i kind of people would have policies and kind

12:35

of go out in the middle of the nice and

12:37

wander around and come back but

12:40

have another sleep to the kind of would would really have

12:42

these two slates you

12:45

know i think what it does is it helps us

12:47

understand that slate isn't

12:49

necessarily an eight hour

12:51

block where you're completely climate i

12:54

some blocks of from the outside world

12:56

it's it's ass it's a time as activity

12:58

there's lots of things going on in your brain

13:01

the is going to be periods of time perhaps

13:03

that you wake up and the and the facts okay

13:05

and that that will also change as we

13:07

age say you know people

13:10

might want to be like that small child

13:12

that you can move around as i say it's completely

13:14

asleep the whole time but

13:16

as we age our ability

13:19

to stay in sleep strangers

13:21

and save for a lot of people waking

13:23

up during the night is okay you

13:26

might show little bit sleepy the next day but it's

13:28

you know i think it's part of what's normal

13:30

and natural and trying not to get

13:32

too worked up about it and and upset that

13:34

your weight is an important factor

13:37

so it is kind

13:39

of normal and to sleep through the whole lot but

13:41

if you doubt worry about it and

13:44

we'll see people's a positive has it differently for

13:46

the poor people but it's one of their distance

13:49

from the equator twelve

13:51

hours of sunlight every day and night

13:54

when you sort of sydney adelaide from the equator

13:56

it's there's between nod the have to

13:59

sit in the

14:00

light hasn't really important

14:02

role to play in our sleep patterns

14:05

say our whole sleep behavior

14:08

is really tied to the light dark cycle

14:10

of the arrests and as

14:12

we'd move away from the equator

14:15

i say that there's quite a bit of change that you can

14:17

see in the way that people sleep and certainly

14:19

in a way that lights

14:22

or lack of light affects people's

14:24

mood as well as well as as a slate certainly

14:27

what's recorded around this to sleep

14:29

idea is from european sorry

14:33

you know you you really want roger

14:35

is picking up on is perhaps some behaviors

14:38

that are associated with slightly

14:41

longer dark periods

14:43

at certain times of the year

14:46

and i think that those kinds of absolute

14:48

behaviors are going to be quite different happy place

14:51

they some interesting work that has been done

14:54

people's should leave enough in a tribal connors

14:56

and size and looking

14:58

to kind of say what you say as normal

15:01

kind of sleep by and to china the sand

15:03

well if they are living without electric

15:05

lights are they sleeping more

15:09

what we actually say is eighteen

15:11

to have a consolidated sleep period

15:14

in , it about that sixty seven

15:16

and a half hours a nice size

15:18

a is not a a

15:22

big difference between

15:24

sort of the amount of sleep that people my experience

15:27

in a non industrialized kind of

15:29

environments this is what we're

15:32

doing at the moment with allies what

15:34

we see is that they are evenings

15:36

, it stopped is spent around the fire

15:40

joachim sharing story in that kind

15:42

of think so they're not going to sleep

15:44

immediately as it gets

15:46

dark as might be the nice

15:49

what sort of friend is a plane over the last

15:51

ten twenty years have since for each

15:53

with regard to monitoring

15:56

leaping bearing in mind that

15:58

is so hard to the recent

16:00

it sure is harder for libertarian

16:02

all a sort of stuff was the overall trend

16:05

in the amount of slate that sort of we're getting

16:08

a lot of is a self reports and reports and

16:10

right that that's and that's problematic that

16:12

so much those in see

16:15

what people think about when when

16:17

they reporting they sleep but

16:19

if we put that aside it

16:21

does seem that people are reporting less

16:23

sleep the people

16:26

in listen more industrialized

16:28

coaches are reporting a

16:30

reduction in sleep over the last hundred

16:32

years fifty years some

16:35

researchers have suggested that that is to

16:37

do with the spreading of

16:39

our cities and so instead

16:41

of getting up in the morning walking you

16:44

know a couple of kilometers to your local

16:46

place of work we now

16:48

have to getting cause or public transport

16:50

and perhaps traveled for an hour or more

16:53

and say that traveling is what's actually

16:55

eating into our sleep time

16:58

which , find a really fascinating of thing at

17:00

this idea that urban geography

17:02

in the way that I City's function could

17:04

be impacting a sleep as well as

17:06

some of these things in a culture, like, saying

17:09

up and watching

17:09

Netflix. So they're a

17:12

that we are less sleep

17:14

there is a trench but actually

17:17

a paper was published the

17:19

American time. You serve. I wish

17:21

I could we asked in

17:24

, minute of the day what were you doing and

17:26

so has several different ways code sleep

17:28

and the informatics seem to suggest that the sats

17:31

sleep was starting to be made a little bit

17:33

more of a priority the perhaps people were starting

17:35

to sleep more that's really hard

17:37

with these surveys to understand cause and

17:39

effect you know what is it that is going on

17:42

that is actually creating actually

17:45

slight change in sleep amounts and

17:47

so i think it's really important for people

17:49

while for people sleep behaviour changing

17:52

it's really hard to can understand

17:54

exactly what that is caused by

17:57

then what are the a six

18:00

upon given functioning

18:02

if you and ago

18:04

loss of sleep other because

18:06

you have to get up early or you're

18:09

missing out on some me of phases of sleep

18:12

well what was he thinks i'm a brain

18:13

when we take sleep away or like you

18:15

say when we is rock sleep in various

18:18

different ways so there's

18:20

a number of plot distinct cooking it is

18:22

changes that occur and most people

18:24

will have experienced they themselves as well when

18:26

that when they're feeling a bit sleepy that

18:29

memory thank you you're talking about the force

18:31

that kind of like not plot remembering

18:33

all the have some have sin a details

18:36

around the scenario of course

18:38

you feel very sleepy me find a hard

18:41

to say alert he might be to find that find

18:43

that meeting or something that's least

18:45

wanting least hard to say focused and so that attention

18:48

i guess becomes quite difficult

18:50

the queuing for tasks we have

18:52

to maintain vigilance say

18:54

for example when you're driving this

18:57

long stretches where there's not much

18:59

that goes on having to maintain

19:01

that of vigilance is is particularly difficult

19:03

when you're tired that

19:05

we also see a number of changes in

19:08

have some of the passable high road a cognitive

19:10

function so your ability to problem solve

19:12

and be creative people tend to the civil

19:14

rights and get stuck on one eyed

19:16

zero or couple of ideas and

19:19

we sometimes say this with aviation

19:21

accidents for example that enough people

19:23

have just woken up and they fired and they try to

19:25

make decisions and i get stuck on one loop

19:28

of trying to solve the problem instead as

19:30

if they just you know perhaps were a little bit

19:32

more united in their problem solving by be

19:34

i would come up with a better solution side

19:37

we see that this is clock decisive across defense

19:40

cognitive functions as well as our

19:42

mood and , find

19:44

that people are often feeling a lot

19:46

more flats find it difficult

19:49

to manage

19:51

stressful scenarios ah

19:54

and some of that ability to read emotion

19:57

in others is affected sites

19:59

your bill ha packs accurately

20:01

understand someone facial expressions

20:04

or or the emotions of a displaying

20:06

becomes impacted it's it's

20:08

almost like when you sleep deprived

20:10

says this kind of am lucky

20:13

you become less able to explore

20:16

your external world and in a really accurate

20:18

way you become the internalized

20:21

how much sanctioned do

20:23

you lose like after soon odds

20:25

of say

20:27

Missing two hours in a row, for after she

20:29

nice are want

20:32

me as badly as if you were legal blood.

20:34

Alcohol limit of 2.05%

20:36

white

20:39

for long. We

20:42

typically might be awake for about a sixteen

20:44

hour period during the day and

20:46

it's really once you start going be on that

20:48

that you can start to say they deficits

20:51

accumulates so , your

20:53

if you've been is your awake

20:55

through the night arm and you sort

20:57

of started to be awake so maybe i'm eighteen

20:59

or twenty hours so i might buy now it's

21:01

of the early hours of the morning then yes

21:03

it's equivalent say are being

21:06

legally unable to drive whose blood alcohol

21:08

level is in a point i five interesting

21:11

when you're just taking portions

21:14

of sleep way so the a week we call this sleep

21:16

a strict sense when you're restricting your slates

21:19

over multiple nights it's a

21:21

little less clear people

21:23

seem say some people are more resistant

21:26

to that than others ah and

21:28

so we we say the in some

21:30

people as a deficit can it can accumulate

21:32

clock with place and in others it seems

21:34

to take quite a long time before were able

21:36

to say are really any major

21:39

deficits and seems that some

21:41

people are much more able to lose

21:43

sleep than others without much consequence

21:46

what about the other side the coin did you

21:48

go to sleep off on this site or have

21:50

a close solve something of a bar to go to sleep

21:53

in the mornings or clear

21:55

i love when that happens it's amazing

21:57

and so i think it's part of this of

22:00

the kind of stress or the worries of the

22:02

day ah i'm a

22:04

as well as being tired impact

22:07

our ability to kind of have those creative

22:09

sorts arm and that's why that's lot

22:11

of people sort of side doing those creative

22:13

activities is to so much better in the morning

22:16

that you're you've gotta exit of more clarity of

22:18

of mind i'm i'm sorry

22:20

that add the being well

22:22

rest said ah reduce

22:25

stress and all of those things really help

22:27

us for you to be able be solve the problem

22:30

the average for vaccinated and

22:32

of got our other of is a coveted

22:34

you get cause this is rose yeah a couple

22:37

of weeks ago yep

22:38

how in my case or before the modi

22:40

added in the early afternoon or

22:42

could be sitting at my desk and i really

22:44

had to lie there because of go to fall asleep

22:47

regardless and other photos with my

22:49

desk or get my bed as mislead

22:52

in be gone for three hours and wake up and feel like

22:54

a million bucks and see like a million bucks until

22:57

the next afternoon safe seats and

22:59

is a third day said seats and a fourth day

23:01

back to normal the

23:03

heck was going on there were what was considered

23:05

doing

23:06

who just make me have this deep

23:08

in dust military industrial grade many deaths

23:11

and then stop at it as it did

23:13

you have a similar covert experience

23:15

the i see it as an exhaust it's like

23:17

i think probably the main symptom for main

23:20

ways that real overwhelming

23:22

exhaustion and tiredness and see

23:24

any time i tried to any kind of thinking

23:26

task i get halfway through and think

23:28

of yeah i needed that

23:31

it's really interesting how sickness

23:34

and sleep ah color tied

23:36

together sigh

23:38

any time way seats that real

23:40

feeling of of of sleepiness

23:43

and tiredness air becomes more

23:45

of well mean we split it certainly seems to be a major

23:47

feature of close it and and for some

23:49

people have a feature of this kind

23:51

of long clovis that hangs around this

23:54

kind of overwhelming city we've

23:57

known for quite a while that sleep

24:01

and an inflammatory response

24:03

o'clock at length and say

24:05

that when your body is in one

24:07

of these inflammatory kind of modes

24:09

when you're sick that he increases

24:12

the amount of sleep and sort of a some success

24:14

that guys on some brain chemistry that

24:16

goes on that enables and

24:19

am a greater amount of sleep pricing also says

24:21

the function of helping all rest and recovery

24:24

with close it it's really interesting that this that this

24:26

of and come on as a as a primary

24:29

as symptom and i think some really interesting

24:32

areas of research on a foetus around this

24:34

in the future now rad how say

24:36

inflammatory response is engaged

24:38

with clove it and then how that impacts late

24:40

with seeing some great papers starting to come out

24:42

now about close that inflate so

24:44

i think it's gonna be kind of a space to watch over the

24:47

next your side

24:48

took was a few infectious diseases

24:50

offices and as your other people in the say oaths

24:53

and that was saying that

24:55

babies his whole chronic

24:57

fatigue syndrome thing

25:00

after you've had the always

25:02

a chance is a high definitely cities

25:04

heads epstein barr virus

25:07

spreading aphasia said is a few others

25:09

we have this some cities

25:11

that this is something common to

25:13

a whole bunch of viruses and

25:15

this is something that we gotta have to learn more about

25:18

the way to approach it would be from coming at it from all

25:20

different angles including sleep still

25:22

any thoughts on

25:23

i had better be amazing at you know i i

25:25

i think we're we're able to solve these be challenges

25:28

is by bringing together all this sort of multi

25:30

disciplinary reno researchers and

25:32

i think close aide has kind of created

25:35

and now says i'm kind of the season

25:37

on this say i'm to enable

25:40

that often unfortunately it takes

25:42

up the clock speed to be able

25:44

to pull these kinds of teams together but i think

25:46

there's an awesome opportunity there and i think

25:49

you know sense has six people have been suffering

25:51

chronic fatigue for years now

25:54

we get to be able to have a real sites has some

25:56

nice to try and understand what's going

25:58

on so was sufficient

26:00

People can follow you and your phone work

26:02

at the University of South Australia. Also

26:10

seems

26:12

to

26:13

feel free if you have a question. said to drop

26:15

me a line i'd i'd love to would

26:17

you handle on twitter professor civil dr

26:20

seven banks all one word

26:23

correct yeah for doctor

26:25

yeah the short version i can take

26:27

use of use professor banks's the things

26:30

we know and don't know the an absolute

26:32

pleasure i'm always happy to talk of athletes

26:35

four years off my very first story

26:37

on hama change on you on the

26:39

case but no have decided

26:41

to write a book sources

26:44

, new book of cause a chain saws

26:47

since you will explains how

26:49

we got into this mess and how we

26:51

can give us us phone

26:53

death suit is the early research

26:55

is homicides and then still sees

26:58

as those who covers up and

27:00

was i did ask for forgiveness greenhouse

27:03

forgiveness four hundred thousand

27:05

of hiroshima at a buzzer of eat buzzer

27:07

day as space

27:11

how it and stop and even reverse

27:13

global warming daughter how new

27:15

book of cause daughter how saws get his

27:17

book was not asked a husky

27:20

as we can help stop global warming

27:22

and improve the laws of current and

27:24

future generations he survival

27:26

as i read the book and audiobook

27:29

from your local bookshop slavery

27:31

or online shirtless saw

27:33

us is washed span and it

27:35

was university of sydney