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1:48

Jean-Claude Olivier was dressed as he

1:50

often was for a night out.

1:52

In a white suit. His style

1:55

was a bit flashy. French shirts,

1:57

Italian shoes and dark-skinned.

2:00

sunglasses, even at night. The

2:03

look fit his alter ego, Division

2:05

Star, a radio broadcaster

2:07

and DJ, he was also a music

2:09

promoter, booking Haitian bands

2:12

in and around Miami. On

2:14

this Sunday in February 1991,

2:17

one of his acts, Top Vice, was

2:20

playing the Chateau Club in North Miami.

2:23

It was going to be a big night. Top Vice

2:26

played a style of jazzy merengue which

2:28

was huge back home in Haiti and

2:30

here in South Florida. Their sound

2:33

had a bit of nostalgia for the mostly

2:35

Haitian immigrant crowd, many of

2:37

whom live nearby in little Haiti.

2:42

Champagne and cognac was flowing

2:44

and the club was packed. Around

2:48

3am Jean-Claude took to the stage

2:50

to introduce the band. As he hyped

2:52

up the crowd, he threw in a

2:54

bit of politics, referencing

2:57

the recent and historic changes

2:59

in Haiti. Just two weeks before,

3:01

a new president had been inaugurated.

3:05

After decades of punishing dictatorship,

3:08

a new era of hope was just beginning

3:11

and it came in the form of a radical priest

3:13

turned politician named Jean-Bertrand

3:16

Aristide. Division Star had

3:18

devoted radio broadcasts to the election,

3:21

urging fellow Haitian exiles in Miami

3:24

to support democracy back home. He

3:27

was new to politics. Most of Jean-Claude's

3:29

life had been about music. He

3:32

played the trumpet in the Haitian Coast Guard band,

3:35

lived to dance. But the

3:37

democracy movement had changed something

3:39

in him. For the past months, he

3:42

devoted more and more time on his weekly radio

3:44

show to supporting Aristide.

3:48

And then he found himself talking about it on stage,

3:51

that night at the château. He wanted the crowd

3:53

to know that he and Top

3:55

Vice were down for the cause. They

3:58

were on the side of the new leadership.

3:59

in Haiti. But

4:04

not everyone wanted to hear it. There

4:06

were those who didn't welcome the change. Many

4:09

of the old regime's loyalists also

4:11

lived in Miami. The public

4:13

start boring him. People

4:16

who are just making fun of him, the Haitian

4:19

were tired of all the speeches going

4:21

on. They were preferred for the men to be start

4:24

playing back. And

4:27

anybody who was taking that micro value was

4:29

going to be good

4:29

at that time. Gary

4:33

Eugene, a family friend of Jean-Claude,

4:36

and police officer was there that

4:38

night. But unfortunately took it

4:40

personally.

4:42

And I start arguing

4:44

with the club, with members who are

4:46

inside the club.

4:49

It got kind of heated, and Jean-Claude

4:51

wasn't the type to be shut up. His

4:53

motto was, even if they tell me

4:55

not to say it, I'm going to say it

4:58

anyway. And I remember escorting

5:00

him, actually, grab his hand and

5:03

took him to his car. That's what's for. I

5:06

took him to his car. I said, get in your

5:08

car and leave. It was after midnight,

5:10

around 4am by now. I

5:13

went back to my car. That's what's parked in front

5:15

of the club

5:16

and left. But

5:18

Jean-Claude didn't leave. He remembered

5:21

that he'd left a nice bottle of cognac hidden

5:23

under a table at the club. So

5:26

he went back in,

5:27

grabbed the bottle, and three red roses

5:29

out of a vase on the way out. He

5:32

crossed 2nd Avenue and unlocked

5:35

the door of his red Pontiac Fiero.

5:38

He didn't know it, but someone

5:40

was waiting for him. And they were

5:43

close at hand.

5:45

The hitman was sitting in the passenger

5:47

seat of an idling car. It

5:49

inched closer and opened fire,

5:52

pumping

5:53

two shots into the Pontiac and three

5:56

into Jean-Claude. As

5:58

his white suit...

5:59

soaked red with blood. The

6:03

dying Jean-Claude yelled to his friend to

6:05

get the license plate number of the getaway car.

6:08

But it was gone.

6:13

From Kaleidoscope, an I Heart podcast,

6:16

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6:19

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The Years

9:36

before I understood that Jean-Claude had been

9:38

threatened before he died, that

9:40

there was a hit list circulating

9:43

in Miami. Before I

9:45

knew about the tight knot of gangland

9:48

put-up jobs, the battles between

9:50

cocaine traffickers,

9:52

transnational coup d'etat plots,

9:55

and CIA conspiracies. Before

9:57

I appreciated that what happened back then on

10:00

the streets of Miami, had everything

10:02

to do with what happened on the streets of Footer

10:04

Prince. Before I came to think of

10:06

the story I'm about to tell you as

10:08

a cipher for understanding how what's

10:11

happening today in Haiti

10:12

could have been so different, perhaps

10:15

so much better. Before those revelations

10:18

and so many more, I received an

10:20

email

10:21

with an attachment.

10:23

It was a report from the Committee to Protect

10:25

Journalists. One of the chapters

10:28

was this story. About

10:30

the unsolved murders of Haitian radio

10:32

journalists in Miami's Little

10:34

Haiti.

10:37

I got that email soon after I'd finished

10:39

a podcast about serial murders of

10:41

women in the border town of Juarez, Mexico.

10:44

A

10:44

massive case of impunity. Hundreds.

10:48

Some say thousands of women. Killed

10:50

without, still to this day, a clear

10:53

culprit. And here was another

10:55

case of impunity.

10:57

This time, Haitian

10:58

radio broadcasters killed

11:02

on American soil in the early

11:04

90s.

11:06

I could immediately see there was a story here.

11:09

Despite the decades that had passed since then

11:11

and now, I knew from experience

11:13

that impunity tends to fester

11:16

and grow. That the past

11:19

is never really past. So

11:22

I got in touch with the journalist who wrote that report.

11:25

Here you are calling me about a story

11:28

that's 30 years old, that

11:30

I had pretty much put aside,

11:33

and that I was very proud of when I did

11:35

it. Anna Arana, an

11:37

award-winning journalist who'd reported on wars

11:40

and drugs throughout Latin America, covering

11:42

a major assassination in Haiti, working

11:45

deep in guerrilla territory in El Salvador,

11:49

and once surviving a close encounter with Pablo

11:51

Escobar in Colombia. But

11:54

that's another story. be

12:00

30-something, so maybe it was like four or five

12:02

years old. It's still

12:05

in diapers.

12:07

So despite me being just about

12:10

out of diapers now, you decided

12:12

to jump back in Anna. Why? Because

12:14

I knew the story was not finished. What

12:16

my reporting back then showed me was that

12:19

whoever was behind the murders was not held

12:21

responsible for them. And the agencies

12:23

that were investigating the murders overlooked

12:27

key elements of the crimes.

12:29

They purposely ignore

12:32

the political context. When

12:36

we first started working together, now

12:38

almost two years ago, I thought we could do

12:40

a bunch of prep from our respective desks

12:42

in New York and Washington. But as soon

12:45

as you were back in, you wanted to be in the field.

12:48

If you don't walk the streets of

12:49

a place, if you don't smell the place, if

12:51

you don't have, I mean, we have five senses, what

12:53

you think is only texting? That's

12:56

lesson number one in reporting, God.

12:58

So we

13:00

went to Miami.

13:04

Actually, we went to Little Haiti, which is

13:06

one part Miami and two

13:08

parts Port-au-Prince. It's a really small

13:11

neighborhood in the northeast of the city.

13:13

A refuge for newly arrived Haitians who

13:16

can find a taste of home

13:17

in Miami. Though like

13:20

many immigrant neighborhoods in Miami, it's quickly

13:22

shrinking as huge swaths of property get

13:24

bought up for yet another development project.

13:26

And a lot's changed since the time of Jean-Claude's

13:28

murder. Much of the communities moved

13:31

north and many of the storefronts are now shuttered.

13:34

But as we walked the streets of Little Haiti, there

13:36

was still talk of the most recent devastating

13:38

political news from Haiti. The

13:41

shocking assassination of the sitting president

13:43

just six months before. And

13:46

I was trying to understand the connections between

13:48

Haiti and Little Haiti. Run

13:50

deep. A saying I'd hear on

13:52

this trip would reverberate. When

13:55

Haiti sneezes, Miami

13:57

gets the flu.

14:02

A lot has changed since I lived here in the

14:04

1990s. Then I was

14:06

working for the Sun Sentinel.

14:08

At the time, there was little mainstream press

14:11

coverage of the Haitian community and the city.

14:14

There were some exceptions, and that

14:16

included fellow reporter Harold Moss.

14:19

He spoke Creole, despite that

14:21

being Haitian. Well, listening

14:23

to the Creole radio broadcast

14:26

was part of my

14:28

daily life.

14:30

As I would drive around, I would have these Creole

14:32

radio broadcasts playing that connected

14:35

people both to what was going

14:37

on in Haiti and to what

14:39

was going on in this place that a lot

14:41

of people had just moved to. He

14:45

listened to Radio Peplar, or

14:47

Radio of the People, Jean-Claude Show,

14:50

and so many others that aired across the AM

14:52

dial, and still do. He

14:56

first heard about Jean-Claude's murder on the

14:58

radio in his car.

15:00

In those early days after the shooting,

15:03

Creole broadcasters were piecing together

15:05

what they could find out. These killings

15:07

struck at the heart of that very

15:10

important network of broadcasters

15:13

that kept people informed, kept me informed,

15:15

people that listeners heard every day and counted

15:18

on for information. So it was something

15:21

that I think

15:22

really hit people hard.

15:25

He also began to learn more about Jean-Claude,

15:28

that he wasn't someone inherently driven

15:30

by politics, that his politics

15:33

had emerged over time. Harold

15:36

spoke to the manager of the radio station and

15:38

to his family and friends. He did have a reputation

15:41

as something of a ladies man, a mover,

15:44

a shaker, someone who would

15:46

capture the attention of everyone in the room.

15:49

During Jean-Claude's flashy exterior, his

15:52

wife told Harold of a deeply caring

15:54

side. The morning of his death,

15:57

he'd gone with her to a flea market, where

15:59

he bought her

15:59

a new outfit, and the roses

16:02

that were found next to him in his car, Harold

16:04

learned, were for her.

16:10

As the investigation into Jean-Claude's

16:12

murder began, there were immediately

16:15

questions about the motive. So there were

16:17

all of these potential conspiracies

16:20

that were connected to different theories about

16:23

what had happened, and the police had to

16:25

sift through all of that. Some said that Jean-Claude

16:28

was mixed up in drugs, just

16:30

another victim of Miami's shady

16:32

nightlife scene. Or maybe it was a bar

16:34

fight that got out of hand.

16:36

Harold was skeptical. There

16:38

are clear reasons

16:40

why things are happening, and in

16:43

many cases, they started in Haiti

16:45

and came to Miami. From all that time

16:47

listening to the Crayol radio, he

16:49

knew there was a context here. There were people,

16:52

powerful people, they were making very

16:54

angry.

16:58

We knew we had to visit the radio station where

17:01

Jean-Claude posted Radio Pepla. WLQY at 1320 a.m.

17:05

To this day, the station is a community

17:08

hub. We went to visit

17:10

someone who had been a source for my original

17:12

report, someone who's had

17:15

a significant influence in little Haiti

17:17

for generations, Marlene

17:19

Bastien.

17:22

When we got there, Marlene

17:24

was in the middle of her weekly show. I'm

17:26

not a fan of Marlene Bastien, I'm a fan

17:28

of Marlene Bastien. Marlene Bastien is a fan of Marlene Bastien.

17:31

Marlene Bastien is a fan of Marlene Bastien.

17:34

She's been hosting the same show for

17:36

the last 30 years.

17:39

Stand up for your rights Stand

17:42

up, stand up Don't

17:45

give up the fight Stand

17:48

up, stand up Stand

17:51

up for your rights I'm going

17:54

to say when I have Marlene Bastien I say

17:56

when he has society music I say when

17:58

he has MC Bob Marlene Marlin

18:04

is in her 60s now.

18:06

And when we were there, she's speaking

18:08

on rapid fire Creole, moving

18:11

easily from a serious message about healthcare

18:13

access and then breaks into

18:15

a broad smile. John

18:19

Claude and Marlin ran in the same

18:21

circles. They were both activists

18:24

in the Haitian community. They attended

18:26

pro-democracy rallies and also

18:28

protests for refugee rides. Marlin

18:32

was a little younger and she looked up

18:34

to John Claude's generation of broadcasters.

18:37

She could see the power Creole language

18:39

radio had in Little Haiti to

18:42

get the message out. Radio

18:45

has been a strong theme for Marlin because

18:48

her very first time on the mic set

18:51

off a chain of events that changed the

18:53

course of her life. I lived in Port-au-Prince

18:55

when I went to secondary school, but I'm

18:57

from the country, right? I'm really

19:00

a village girl. In

19:02

the late 70s, Marlin moved to Haiti's

19:04

capital

19:04

to pursue her dreams of

19:06

becoming a doctor. It was

19:08

a very difficult time for Haiti. The

19:11

country had been tightly controlled since the late

19:13

50s by a single family, the

19:15

Duvaliers. First by Francois

19:18

Pavadoc Duvalier and then his son,

19:21

Jean-Claude Duvalier, also known as

19:23

Baby Doc.

19:25

To give you a sense of just how vicious

19:27

this dictatorship was, reportedly,

19:30

in the presidential palace, Pavadoc

19:33

had a torture room with walls

19:35

painted brown to disguise the spatters

19:38

of blood. And in that room,

19:40

he had a special peephole installed so

19:43

he could watch his enforcers, known

19:45

as the Tonto Macoutes, go to

19:48

work on anyone who dared challenge

19:50

him.

19:57

of

20:00

suspicion alone. The atmosphere of paranoia

20:03

was so intense that Papa

20:05

Doc had people convinced street

20:08

dogs were spying on his behalf.

20:10

I was told that if Duvalier

20:13

dies, everyone dies. Tens

20:16

of thousands fled Haiti.

20:18

At home, basic needs were not being met.

20:23

Oftentimes we didn't have electricity. When

20:26

we don't have electricity, you have to study under

20:28

the lamppost. Malème was determined

20:30

to find a way to get her education and

20:33

become a doctor. So she sat

20:35

book in hand under the lamppost. But

20:38

this small act was seen as an attack

20:41

on the Duvalier regime. It demonstrated

20:44

that they weren't providing for people, as they claimed.

20:46

The mayor didn't want us to study

20:49

under the lamppost anymore.

20:50

And I said, how dare he? I

20:53

thought that was so unfair, because

20:56

the rich kids, they don't have to study under

20:58

the lamppost. When the electricity

21:01

is out, they have generators. So they have electricity.

21:04

I was frustrated. So I marched

21:06

my friends to Haiti in

21:08

Thayer.

21:10

Malème took her complaint to the best outlet

21:13

she knew of, Radio Haiti in Thayer.

21:16

Under the Duvaliers, the press was

21:18

heavily censored. International

21:20

newspapers often arrived full

21:23

of holes. Any mention of

21:25

Haiti physically cut out of the

21:27

paper. This was the

21:29

North Korea of the Caribbean. But

21:32

Radio Haiti was a lifeline of

21:34

information. It survived

21:36

shootings, shutdowns and

21:38

the arrest and torture of its journalists.

21:40

And when Malème showed

21:43

up, she was welcomed onto the air

21:45

by one of the hosts. He said,

21:47

oh, you want

21:48

to give an interview? What about? And

21:50

when I told him, he gave us the

21:52

mic. It was a moment that changed

21:55

her life. Malème's MIGA

21:57

Ask for Light to Study By.

21:59

turned her into an enemy

22:02

of the state. We thought that the Toto-Makuts

22:04

were following us to kill us. We changed

22:06

routes to go home. You

22:09

know, we were really scared. Really scared.

22:12

And Marlen's family was scared too. Running

22:15

afoul of the Makuts could mean ending

22:17

up in Fort Dimanche, a prison

22:19

where inmates had their food slopped

22:22

onto the floor of shared cells and

22:24

where few emerged alive. The

22:27

radio had given her a voice

22:29

and put a target on her back.

22:32

My dad overheard that I was giving

22:34

interviews at radio

22:37

agent there. He thought that that was a death sentence

22:39

right there. He freaked out. He

22:42

freaked out.

22:43

Because he knew under the dictatorship

22:45

you could die. You could disappear.

22:48

Marlen's father was living in South Florida

22:50

at the time

22:51

and after her radio appearance, he insisted

22:54

that she join him there. I came from a dictatorship

22:56

where I had to hide under the bed to read progressive

22:58

books.

22:59

And I came here and people are on the streets. I

23:01

said, wow. It was the late 70s

23:04

and Marlen had come to Miami at a moment when

23:06

the streets of Little Haiti were alive

23:08

with protests against the Duvalier

23:11

dictatorship and four refugee

23:13

rights in Miami.

23:15

In Haiti, speaking out

23:18

could be a death sentence.

23:20

In the US, the brave were beginning

23:22

to use their voices and one

23:24

man was at the center of it all. Two

23:27

days after I arrived, my dad introduced

23:29

me to Father Gerard Jean-Juste and I studied volunteering.

23:32

Father Gerard Jean-Juste.

23:35

Happy new year! Happy

23:41

new year!

23:44

He'd fled Haiti himself

23:46

after refusing to sign an oath of loyalty

23:49

to the Duvalier government. For

23:51

Haitians just arrived in Florida, the priest

23:54

and his group of volunteers offered

23:56

a lifeline.

23:58

Marlen, jump right in.

23:59

She worked helping new arrivals at

24:02

the Chrome Detention Centre,

24:03

where Haitian refugees were often held

24:06

after they arrived by boat.

24:08

So when I do my first interview,

24:10

I would ask them, where are you from? Where

24:13

are you from? Kiku to soti, where are

24:15

you from? And then I'll get the

24:17

details.

24:18

If Marlene could find a family member

24:20

to vouch for them,

24:22

they could be released, at least until

24:24

their immigration hearing.

24:26

Again,

24:27

she turned to the radio.

24:28

I would go on the radio on Sunday. I said, so

24:30

and so. Came, looking

24:32

for family, and I'd give specific

24:35

information about where they from. So I became

24:37

very popular. Father Jean-Just

24:39

and Marlene were reuniting families.

24:42

So they gained influence with newly arrived

24:44

Haitians, and they used that

24:46

influence to organise.

24:49

Marlene became a member of Father Jean-Just's

24:52

political organisation,

24:53

called Véo, Crayol 4,

24:56

Beware of Them.

24:58

Jean-Claude Olivier was also a member, and

25:01

they were dedicated to bringing down the regime

25:03

in Haiti.

25:04

He was always

25:08

fighting and seeing it as it is.

25:14

Stop

25:18

racism, free the Haitians now. He

25:23

always said it as it was. In

25:26

Miami, it's a major confrontation.

25:29

It's a battlefield sometimes, we feel like.

25:32

We have no protection as innocent

25:34

people. We say no to that. Jean-Just

25:37

used the language of the Haitian revolution of 1804.

25:40

After all, this was the only country

25:43

to achieve independence through slave

25:45

revolt, to rally Haitians

25:47

in Miami in support of the fight

25:49

for democracy back home. What

25:52

you're fighting for is greater than

25:54

death. What if our ancestors

25:56

were afraid to fight? To

25:59

break the chain. of slavery and yet they

26:01

fought and defeated the mightiest army

26:04

at that time the Napoleon army. It's better to

26:06

fight

26:07

standing up

26:08

than die on your knees. But

26:10

this wasn't just rhetoric.

26:12

Father Jean-Gioest was also coordinating

26:15

and financing the revolutionary

26:18

resistance struggle in Haiti, led

26:20

by that priest turned politician

26:23

Jean-Bétrand Aristide.

26:34

By the end of the 1980s, Hope had

26:36

begun to swirl around Aristide. There

26:39

was a sense that he spoke to the Haitian

26:41

people

26:42

and he was amassing massive

26:45

support. He campaigned as

26:47

the champion of the poor and promised

26:49

to break the military's power over Haiti.

26:53

Even people who had not been tapped into politics

26:55

previously, like Jean-Claude

26:57

Olivier, were inspired. And

27:00

it was around this time that Jean-Claude

27:03

started devoting his airtime to politics.

27:06

Then with the world's eyes on

27:09

Haiti, Aristide

27:16

won the 1990 election

27:19

in a landslide. It was dancing

27:21

in the streets today as crowds gathered to celebrate

27:24

the anticipated outcome of yesterday's presidential

27:26

election. Little Haiti spelled out onto

27:28

the streets. Calls of congratulations from

27:30

the US and other countries to Father Jean-Bétrand

27:33

Aristide, a popular priest

27:35

who is the apparent winner of Haiti's first

27:38

truly free election. And Marlene

27:40

was among them. How did the election at

27:43

Aristide feel here in Miami? How did it change things?

27:47

It was really a transformative era.

27:50

There was a lot of hope, a

27:52

lot of hope. And what did the old Macouds

27:54

think of him? Oh, of course

27:56

they hate his guts. Yeah. the

28:00

illicit division. Not

28:04

everybody in Miami saw Aristide's

28:07

election as a victory. In fact,

28:09

the election stoked tensions in little

28:12

Haiti. There were those like

28:14

Marlene and Jean-Claude

28:15

who were inspired by Aristide, who

28:17

followed Father Jean-Joust, who

28:20

joined Vailleau. But

28:22

there were many others in little Haiti who

28:24

stood on the other side of the political divide.

28:27

They were pro-military, and

28:29

so Aristide was a radical.

28:32

Some of them had been taunton maccutes,

28:35

enforcers for the regime. That

28:38

meant that sometimes victims could bump

28:40

into their torturers at the local

28:42

grocery store. Did you make you scared

28:44

for your own safety? Yeah, yeah.

28:48

Yeah, at the time a lot of us had our names in

28:50

that black book, like L'Olive Noir. L'Olive

28:53

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for two seconds? I'm good. Man, you look

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like you're the boss, bro. Don't even trip

31:36

on me like that. When we first went to Miami

31:39

to report this story, we were

31:41

given a tour by the unofficial mayor

31:44

of Little Haiti, Karl Just,

31:46

the son of the man who gave Little Haiti its

31:48

name. We are in Vitere

31:51

and Maria Jus Way, which is 59th

31:54

Street between Northeast

31:57

2nd Avenue. We're standing

31:59

at the corner.

31:59

named after his parents. In

32:02

the northeast third. In the heart

32:04

of Little Haiti. Carl said that Little Haiti

32:06

hasn't forgotten about Jean-Claude Olivier's murder

32:09

or of the murders that would come after. We

32:12

own the story that nobody wants to

32:14

hear. We

32:16

don't have an audience. Do you feel

32:18

this story is relevant for us to tell today? It's

32:21

more relevant now than it was back then. I

32:24

would hope the loss of these

32:26

journals would have started a rage,

32:29

but apparently it didn't. You

32:32

describe these as political

32:34

assassinations. Yeah. So the warning in 1991 that

32:36

was given was a stern warning.

32:40

Stay in your place. It

32:43

was the calling card. It's like

32:45

the mafia used to do.

32:47

But these guys came here and they thought they were safe

32:50

speaking their mind. And in the end

32:52

they paid with their lives. I mean, what do you say on

32:55

that? Whenever

32:57

you speak your mind, you're never safe. That's

33:00

what I say to that.

33:05

They were all used to getting threats.

33:08

They knew that there were people out

33:10

to get them, but there

33:12

was definitely, I don't know, a sense.

33:15

Everyone doing anything at all similar

33:17

to what we're doing, they're getting threats. Sometimes

33:20

it doesn't mean anything, but sometimes obviously

33:22

it does.

33:24

Harold Moss again. In Miami,

33:26

you had everything from

33:29

people who fled repression

33:31

and poverty and came and barely

33:34

survived the dangerous voyage

33:36

by boat, all the way up

33:38

to generals who had run

33:40

the country. So all of these

33:43

opposing forces with all

33:46

of the grudges from Haiti were present.

33:49

During and after the 1990 election

33:51

that electrified little Haiti,

33:53

those grudges were playing out on the airwaves.

33:56

The Creole airwaves were a battleground.

33:59

where the pro-arist

34:02

deed forces were doing

34:04

battle against the pro-army

34:07

forces.

34:08

Both sides had their airtime,

34:10

and while pro-democracy broadcasters

34:13

like Marlon and Jean-Claude may have outnumbered

34:15

them, those who preferred the

34:17

status quo –

34:18

the more right-wing Haitians – were

34:20

fighting their corner. And it wasn't

34:23

just on the airwaves, it was

34:25

also out on the streets. This

34:27

electric period surrounding the 1990

34:31

election really split everybody up

34:33

into sides.

34:35

There were a lot of Totomacuds

34:37

here, too. The regime's

34:40

enforcers. Right

34:42

here in Miami. Marlon

34:45

remembers one horrible incident at

34:48

a big march on the streets of Little Haiti. Vayo

34:51

members were rallying against the treatment of Haitian

34:54

refugees. They were chanting, accusing

34:57

the US government of supporting the Duvaliers

35:00

and demanding regime change.

35:03

They were used to being intimidated by mounted

35:05

police officers,

35:06

but this time, as they were marching

35:08

through Little Haiti, they saw a car

35:11

driving straight towards them and coming

35:13

fast. Next thing you know,

35:17

I saw with my own eyes a young

35:20

Haitian woman was also protesting on the street

35:22

with me. It ran over by a

35:24

Totomacut car. Yeah, right here on

35:26

54th Street.

35:26

The woman

35:29

died, and the car was rumoured

35:31

to be driven by a Totomacut. But

35:35

no one knew for sure. What many

35:37

felt was the long arm of

35:39

the regime in Miami. They

35:41

had a lot of money, and they were recruiting

35:44

young spies. They

35:46

recruited young spies to spy on

35:49

us, to

35:52

make sure that they get information about

35:54

who the people are, who

35:56

were,

35:56

you know, organising against the dictatorship.

35:59

was really a

36:02

very scary time. According

36:04

to Marlene, these spies

36:07

were making a list of enemies

36:09

of the regime. They would come

36:11

to see who's demonstrating against

36:14

the jouvalier, so that our

36:17

names could be placed on the black book. A

36:20

hit list,

36:22

targeting those protesting

36:24

and reporting back to Haiti. We

36:26

don't know who made it, and Marlene

36:29

never saw it herself.

36:31

But again, she heard rumors,

36:33

rumors that were sent into overdrive

36:36

by Jean-Claude's death,

36:38

because this was even more chilling

36:40

than a car being driven into a crowd.

36:43

This had the hallmarks of a targeted

36:46

assassination. And according

36:49

to Jean-Claude's widow, he'd been

36:51

receiving threats

36:52

called into his radio show

36:54

on the very day he was killed, saying

36:57

if he didn't shut up about his politics,

37:00

he'd be killed. I first heard about

37:02

this hit list when I investigated back in

37:04

the 90s. To the video crowd,

37:07

the hit list, with Jean-Claude's name

37:09

on it, it all added up to

37:11

a clear motive for his assassination.

37:14

The police saw something else entirely.

37:16

I have to be honest with you, or

37:20

I can tell you the possibility

37:22

that drugs were involved. Gary

37:25

Eugene,

37:26

Jean-Claude's family friend, who was there

37:29

that night,

37:30

was also one of the first police officers put

37:32

on the case. That possibility

37:34

was more stronger than

37:37

the political shootings. We were never

37:39

able to conclude

37:43

that any of the shootings were

37:48

politically motivated. So

37:51

depending on who you ask, Anna, Jean-Claude

37:53

was killed after getting mixed up in drugs,

37:56

or he was a martyr for Haitian democracy.

37:58

That's what's so funny. frustrating

38:00

about this case.

38:02

Back in the 90s, when I closed my report

38:04

on the case,

38:05

I called for more investigation. I

38:07

said, pay closer attention to the political

38:09

context around the murders.

38:12

But no further investigation came. I

38:14

had a hunch that the V.A.O. folks were right.

38:17

Jean-Claude was not murder over

38:20

drugs or a bar fight. Something

38:22

else was going on here. So

38:25

that's what we started with.

38:27

And in order to find a killer,

38:30

we dredged the deep waters separating

38:32

Haiti and Miami.

38:34

A world of CIA informants and blackmailers,

38:37

torturers and drug smugglers, and

38:40

radio broadcasters who found

38:42

that even in the U.S.,

38:44

their enemies were never far away.

38:46

Next

38:53

time, another broadcaster is

38:55

shot down in the streets of Miami. It

38:58

went from being, here's a murder

39:00

that no one has solved yet, to this

39:04

is a campaign of murder targeting

39:06

Creole language broadcasters. It

39:08

really sort of raised the question of how

39:10

much farther is this going to go?

39:15

And the investigation begins.

39:19

What about the Miami police? We

39:22

were lost to

39:25

Haiti. We were left stranded.

39:28

One was, okay, maybe it's

39:30

not political. Four

39:33

is too much to be a coincidence. It

39:36

can't be a coincidence. You're

39:38

picking off these people one by one

39:42

at moments of maximum tension back

39:44

home in Haiti. As

39:46

a warning to them, it's definitely psychological

39:49

warfare. This year, they clearly

39:51

gave a green light. Because those guys were on the

39:53

payroll. This is

39:54

not some sort of Haitian imagination.

39:57

This was very real.

40:03

Silenced is a kaleidoscope content original,

40:07

produced by Margaret Katcher, Jen

40:09

Kinney, and Padmini Raghunov.

40:12

Research assistants from Sibyla Phipps, Jeremy

40:15

Bigwood, and Kira Sinis, edited

40:18

by Lacey Roberts, executive

40:20

produced by Kate Osborne, reported

40:23

and hosted by Anna Arana and me,

40:25

Osviloshin. Heart-checking by

40:28

Nicole Pasulka, music by

40:30

Oliver Roddigan, aka, Kedenza.

40:33

Mix and sound design by Kyle

40:35

Murdoch, thanks to Mangesh Hatikara,

40:38

Costas Linus, and Vahini Shuri.

40:41

Our executive producers at iHeart are

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Katrina Norvell and Niki Itor.

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Special thanks to Carl Jost, Jacqueline

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Charles, Edouard Duval-Carrier, Jack

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Michel, Eflamoin, Michael Dybert,

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and Lena Richards. And

40:56

at iHeart, thanks to Connell Byrne and

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Bolt Pittman. If you like what you hear,

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