In the decades immediately following the First Crusade, an isolated and outnumbered Frankish elite managed to establish four new states in the Levant. How were they able to do this? In this mini-series, Associate Professor Nicholas Morton explores the four main contributory factors. In this final episode, he considers the role played by the states' supporters abroad. Just how significant was it?

This episode is the fourth in a mini-series of four. The complete mini-series includes:

Ep.1: What role did military skill play?

Ep.2: What role did Muslim disunity play?

Ep.3: What role did political leadership play?

Ep.4: What role did external support play?

This mini-series is based on:

The Crusader States and their Neighbours: A military history 1099-1187

Other recommended works by Associate Professor Nicholas Morton:

The Mongol Storm: Making and Breaking Empires in the Medieval Near East

Further reading:

Andrew Jotischky: The Crusading and the Crusader States (2nd Ed.)

Jonathan Phillips: The Crusades 1095-1204

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Music by Aroshanti

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