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deliver financial well being for

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all. Bolland besting is subject

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to risk. The

1:13

Guardian Archive Long We. Hi

1:24

Mandy Packet I'm a Guardian columnist and

1:26

right of for Guardian long Reads and

1:29

I'm the author of The Age of

1:31

Perpetual Crisis How the Twenty Turns disrupted

1:33

everything but resolved nothing, which was published

1:35

in December Twenty nineteen. I.

1:39

Think it was towards the end to twenty nineteen.

1:41

I was talking to my editors at the long

1:43

read about doing a piece trying to sum up

1:45

the decade which is quite hard thing to do

1:47

and we thought a been such a com a

1:50

chaotic kind of manic decade that would be particularly

1:52

good to try and make some sense of it.

1:55

Decades. A really difficult to summarize

1:57

and particularly really turbulent decades. And

1:59

the Twenty Tens. I tried to

2:02

don't by breaking up into pieces

2:04

by seeing it as a period

2:06

of turbulence off the financial crisis

2:08

than a kind of false period

2:10

of calm. And then appeared

2:12

a much greater turbulence was the end.

2:16

So. The piece was first published on the

2:18

seventeenth of December twenty nineteen, and I

2:20

remember the day came out. There was

2:22

beginning to be a little bit of

2:24

news about a virus in China that

2:26

was quite contagious and. As. It

2:29

turned out that was just the beginning of

2:31

a much bigger crisis that was com ng

2:33

would dwarf pretty much anything that happened in

2:35

the twenty tens. I.

2:37

Think what may be changed in the

2:39

five years since article came out is

2:41

that things have become even more mack

2:43

and kind of crisis ridden and the

2:45

peace ends up to an extent. Concluding

2:47

that if you think the twenty tons

2:50

of been quite scary than just wait

2:52

and nothing has been borne out by

2:54

events. More.

2:56

I try and do in the peace is

2:58

as well as exploring the obvious things like

3:00

the politics in Britain and abroad. I tried

3:02

to enter the bit the psychology of the

3:04

decade. So how will people thinking about this

3:06

period of crises and how did they respond?

3:08

You know, but food they eat, What kind

3:10

of closed and they were? What kind of

3:13

spices did they inhabit? How to people can

3:15

take refuge from or the crises that we're

3:17

going on Or how did they respond to

3:19

them anymore? Kind of excited why. Welcome

3:23

to the Guardian. Long read showcasing.

3:25

The best long form journalism covering coach said

3:28

politics and me thinking said a text version

3:30

of this and. All our long leads get

3:32

to the guardian.com for with such noom, we'd.

3:36

The. Age of Perpetual Crisis. How

3:38

the Twenty Tens disrupted everything but

3:41

resolved nothing. My empty

3:43

packets. People.

3:49

Have long used decades to frame the

3:51

past. Think of how potent

3:53

the sixties. Has been. For the

3:56

artificiality of the exercise means that

3:58

the more you look as a

4:00

decade the more complicated it seems.

4:02

A decade his experience in an

4:04

infinity of ways it is made

4:06

up of frightening a blaze of

4:08

the edges with other the same

4:10

goes for previous ones live on

4:13

with in it and premonitions of

4:15

those the com gradually infiltrated. How

4:19

will we remember the last ten years? Above.

4:22

All as a time of crises. During.

4:25

A twenty times. They. Have been

4:27

crises of democracy on the economy. Of

4:30

the climate and poverty of

4:32

international relations and national identity.

4:35

Of. Privacy and Technology. They.

4:38

Were crises at the start of the decade. And

4:40

there are crises now. Some.

4:42

Of them have the same crises. Unsolved.

4:46

Others on like nothing we have ever

4:48

experienced before. Some. Of

4:50

them are welcome. All. Hierarchies collapse

4:52

and. Others are

4:54

catastrophes. All.

4:57

These crises so close together have made

4:59

the Twenty Ten see much longer than

5:02

the two. Previous decades. Sometimes.

5:05

A single days of in. A breakfast

5:07

so down. A Donald Trump meltdown.

5:10

Have felt more dramatic. And.

5:12

More exhausting to follow an entire

5:14

years did during the nineteen nineties

5:17

and to thousands. In.

5:19

Britain supposedly one of the

5:21

world's most stable, gradualist democracies.

5:24

Politics. Since Twenty Ten has

5:26

often been manic parties of hastily

5:28

chains, their leaders and policies. Sometimes.

5:31

Their entire died in philosophies. Almost.

5:34

Recent general election was the fourth of

5:36

the decade. The. Nineteen eighties,

5:38

Nineteen Nineties and two thousand

5:41

had to appease. The

5:44

sheer turmoil of the Twenty Ten has

5:47

sometimes made what came before seemed distant

5:49

and utterly different. Detained.

5:51

As we have undergone, both wonderful

5:53

and terrible are astonishing. Wrote

5:55

the American social critic Rebecca Solnit

5:58

In two thousand and Sixteen. The.

6:01

World of the two thousand she

6:03

concluded has been swept away. In

6:06

place of centrist politicians and

6:08

steady economic growth, the twenty

6:10

tens of brought shocks, revolts

6:12

and extremists. Hung

6:14

Parliaments Right wing populists in

6:17

power, Physical attacks on politicians.

6:20

Russian. Influence on west

6:22

and elderly leftists galvanizing

6:24

young Britons and Americans.

6:26

Rich. Right wing leaders in

6:29

both countries captivating working class

6:31

voters. Scenarios. Close

6:33

the unimaginable a decade. Ago

6:35

have become familiar. almost

6:37

expected. And

6:40

yet beneath the surface frenzy,

6:42

politics has in many ways.

6:44

Been stagnant. Throughout.

6:46

Trump's presidency. His approval

6:49

ratings have been terrible,

6:51

was unusually stable. Three.

6:53

And a half years after the referendum. Britain.

6:56

Remains almost evenly divided over

6:58

Edu membership. Despite.

7:01

Governing disastrously for much of

7:03

the decade. The Conservatives

7:05

are still in power. In.

7:09

The Twenty Tens A has often felt as

7:11

if everything is up for grabs. From.

7:13

The future of capitalism to the future

7:15

of the planet. And yet

7:17

nothing has been decided. Between.

7:20

The decade sense of places and

7:22

sense of possibility. An enormous

7:25

Tennyson has built up. It's.

7:27

Still awaiting release. In

7:30

Twenty Ten, a few days after that

7:32

year's election, had to. Widespread Surprise

7:34

produce the. Decade first hung

7:36

Parliament. The philosopher John Gray

7:39

told me. Britain. Will

7:41

spend something like a decade, inch

7:43

into some sort of new economic

7:45

and political settlement. Gray.

7:48

Is often seen as a professional

7:50

pessimists. But. This time he

7:52

was too optimistic. While.

7:55

The decade conservative ascendancy has

7:57

gone on and on. X.

8:00

Ordinary crises have spread through

8:02

British society. During.

8:04

The twenty times the average life

8:06

expectancy which have been growing almost

8:09

continuously for. Century stopped rise

8:11

in. The. Average

8:13

wage rose more slowly than in

8:16

any decade since the Napoleonic Wars.

8:19

A. Million more children with work in

8:21

parents and said poverty. The.

8:23

Number of people sleeping rough more than

8:26

doubled. One. Of the

8:28

archetype of British public spaces of the

8:30

two thousand will St. Pancras Station in

8:32

London. Once. Taxi now

8:35

renovated with smart new

8:37

shops Muslim food, Outlets and

8:39

trains to the continent. A

8:41

confident intertwining of private prosperity

8:43

and state spending. Since.

8:46

Twenty Ten. It's restored Victorian out

8:48

place of filled up with people

8:50

living in sleeping bags and ten.

8:55

Beyond the grim, New Britain created.

8:57

By the decade of conservative

8:59

austerity, limbs the even bleaker,

9:01

well. Being created by the

9:04

Climate Emergency. Perhaps

9:06

the most frightening of this

9:08

year's many apocalyptic books is

9:10

the On Inhabitable A by

9:12

David Wallace. Well, it's tough

9:14

to titles. read: heat,

9:17

hunger, drowning, die,

9:19

and ocean. Unreasonable

9:23

and wildfire. Plagues,

9:26

Economic collapse, climate

9:28

conflict, It's

9:30

intended to be a full cost of

9:33

our planet's near future that will shocked

9:35

readers out there complacency. But during the

9:37

twenty ten, almost all the disasters that

9:40

the book name have already started to

9:42

happen. Global. Capitalism

9:44

has largely carried on regardless.

9:47

So. Many people in Britain. And beyond the

9:49

twenty ten have been a bad time

9:51

with the promise of much worse to

9:54

come. How.

9:59

The. Three such a decade. In.

10:02

Britain. It is a question that people haven't

10:04

had to ask for almost half a century.

10:07

Not. Since the Nineteen seventies. Until

10:09

now, the most infamous decade in

10:11

our modern history. Like

10:13

the Twenty Tens, it had four

10:16

elections, a referendum about how relationship.

10:18

With Europe. Fears for the

10:20

environment, a rise in threat of

10:22

political violence, And the pervasive

10:25

sense of foreboding. In

10:28

Nineteen Seventy Eight, the Social

10:30

commentator Pt. York. Wrote. The.

10:32

Real keynotes of the seventies

10:35

of fragmentation. Fantasy.

10:37

And paranoia. Impossible. New

10:39

situations. A

10:41

few months ago in this is

10:44

not a drill and extinction

10:46

rebellion Hamburg. The. Climate activists

10:48

do gold. Hein summed up

10:50

the Twenty tens in similar

10:52

terms: These. Are times

10:54

in which impossible things happen. Yet.

10:58

In some ways, the twenty tens of been

11:00

more frightening than the seventies. Then.

11:03

The fear was felt more by

11:05

the elite politicians businessmen. And

11:08

by ordinary people who was

11:10

still enjoying the last of

11:12

post Britain's relative egalitarianism and

11:15

social stability. Nowadays.

11:18

The fear is almost universal. The.

11:20

Creation of social media networks over the

11:22

last decade and a half. Starting.

11:25

With Twitter in two thousand

11:27

and six and the conversion

11:29

of traditional media into nonstop

11:31

news services, Have made awful

11:33

events seem advent less an impossible.

11:35

To ignore. We. Have

11:38

become perpetually anxious, A

11:41

mess seems ever more to be anxious about.

11:44

The divide in Britain. Over Europe has

11:46

become much. More bitter. Advocates

11:48

of undemocratic solutions to Britain's problems

11:50

such as suspend in parliament have

11:53

moved from the fringes of politics,

11:55

where they plotted in vain. During

11:58

the Nineteen seventies straight and. Came

12:00

down and street. Meanwhile.

12:02

The awareness that much of

12:05

modern life air travel, car

12:07

trouble eating meat shop in

12:09

use in plastics. Has Malign

12:11

Consequences has grown from a

12:13

minority preoccupation in the nineteen

12:15

seventies into an everyday topic.

12:18

Sometimes. In the twenty ten it's

12:20

have felt as if the whole world

12:22

we have made from the tiniest exhaust

12:24

particle. To the most sprawling corner basin.

12:27

Is toxic. Or

12:29

language has become precautionary and jittery.

12:32

Safe spaces, trigger warnings.

12:35

Viewed from the Twenty tens, the

12:37

fraught nineteen seventies, Com look like

12:39

an age of innocence. During.

12:43

The mid twenty tens and especially.

12:45

In Twenty sixteen. The. Year, Trump's

12:47

election and the vote for breaks it. There

12:49

was a persistent online praise the. Declare in

12:51

particular years in the Twenty tens, the

12:54

worst ever. Exaggeration is a

12:56

weary. And really familiar online mode

12:58

and some of the evidence cited

13:01

was quite narrow and subjective, such

13:03

as the premature deaths and twenty

13:05

sixteen of Prince David Bowie and

13:07

Carrie Fisher. But. The

13:10

cray spread because it struck a chord. The.

13:12

Twenty Ten have often so

13:14

cursed. It's

13:17

also during the decade. or more

13:19

scientific group of writers including

13:22

the famous psychologists Steven Pinker,

13:24

Started. To argue the opposite. Sometimes.

13:27

Called the New Optimists. They.

13:29

Claims that life around the world in

13:32

the early twenty first century. Was. In

13:34

fact, as good as it has ever

13:36

been in terms of health. Wealth.

13:39

Amenities: And the prevalence of

13:41

peace. Many. Of the

13:43

output growth they presented with convincing as

13:45

far as they. Went but that was

13:47

usually only up to twenty fifteen. Just

13:50

before the point at which pessimists usually

13:52

say the twenty tends to the ton

13:54

for the worse. And

13:57

when the grass did go beyond twenty

13:59

fifteen, that. The always reassuring.

14:02

The. number of people live in in democracies

14:04

was falling. The. Number of people killed

14:06

in was. And terrorist incidents was

14:08

rising. As one

14:11

of the new Optimists favorite sources,

14:13

the website or Weldon Data had

14:15

to admit this year. In.

14:17

Some aspects the data suggests the

14:19

world is getting worse. It

14:23

could be a blip. The. Twenty

14:25

Tens. Could be just a pause

14:27

and humanities erratic up with progress.

14:30

But there are signs, but even All

14:32

Weldon data. Doesn't completely believe

14:34

that. Are Well, today is

14:36

says is neither just nor

14:39

sustainable. Over the last ten

14:41

years, even some of humanity's

14:43

cheerleaders have started to lose

14:45

faith. Yet.

14:48

To characterize the twenty tunes as

14:50

one long crisis is too simple

14:53

and bleak. A decade.

14:55

usually countries different phases. In

14:58

Britain, the twenty teams can be

15:00

divided roughly ancestry. From

15:03

twenty. Ten To twenty twelve. There. Was

15:05

a period of turbulence and bewilderment.

15:08

As the economy, voters and politicians

15:10

struggle to absorb the shots from

15:13

the financial crisis of the late

15:15

two thousand and to accept that

15:17

the prosperity and relative stability. Of

15:19

the previous two decades might be over.

15:23

Gordon. Brown's ponderous new Labour

15:26

government fell. David. Cameron's

15:28

more supple and seamless coalition

15:30

of conservative and lib dems

15:32

replaced it. Haven't. Gone

15:34

along with Labor's fairly expensive approach

15:36

to public spending for years in.

15:38

Opposition: during the Twenty Ten

15:40

election. The Conservative attacks it

15:42

as reckless and unaffordable. They

15:45

claim that Britain was face. In a

15:47

huge government debt crisis sites in

15:49

a superficially similar but much deeper

15:51

one that was already bringing chaos

15:53

to Greece. It was a

15:55

form of political message. The. Warning

15:57

of a systemic collapse. But. Had

15:59

been. Popular in the nineteen seventies.

16:02

I'm have been falling gradually

16:04

into disuse. But it would

16:06

become a standard practice for all parties

16:08

as the twenty tens went on. Once.

16:12

In government, the conservative

16:14

imposed austerity. At

16:17

first the word had an

16:19

unfamiliar retro ring regiment of

16:21

the nineteen thirties. The. Last

16:23

time a British government had carried out putts

16:26

on the. Scale someone intended.

16:29

In. Response to the return of

16:31

hard times, another bits of language

16:33

from the Nineteen thirties became ubiquitous

16:35

in the early Twenty tens. printed

16:37

on mugs, posters and tea towels,

16:40

Keep. Calm and carry on. But.

16:43

Many Britons did not. During.

16:46

Twenty Ten And Twenty Eleven. There

16:48

were protests. And riots across the

16:50

country. Not. Than a Greek scale,

16:52

yet large and sustained enough to

16:55

spook many commentators. At. The

16:57

end of Twenty Eleven with an

16:59

economic slowdown largely caused by austerity.

17:01

Also on the way. The. Latest edition

17:04

of the Economist Newspapers Annual

17:06

compendium of Predictions The World

17:08

in Twenty twelve. Replaced

17:10

as usual capitalists cheerleading with

17:12

warnings about an economic great

17:15

stagnation and further mayhem on

17:17

the streets of the West.

17:20

The world won't end in twenty

17:22

twelve. Predicted the magazine. But.

17:24

At times it will feel as if it.

17:26

Is about to. The

17:29

some less establishment voices the

17:31

turbulence was promising rather than

17:33

threatening. In twenty ten

17:36

after taking part in large says.

17:38

Protest against the education cause.

17:41

The. Political and cultural writer

17:43

Mark Fisher declared. We've.

17:45

Broken out of the end of history.

17:47

What's. Certain is that the old

17:50

world is disintegrating. And. Soon it

17:52

will not be possible to even pretend that we

17:54

can return to it. It's.

17:57

All these prophecies was slightly premature.

18:00

Twenty two to twenty fifteen, that was

18:02

allow. The. Decade second phase.

18:05

The. Economy recovered. The Twenty Twelve

18:07

London Olympics distracted people and

18:09

cheer them up. The.

18:11

Same year Barack Obama. Was reelected

18:14

as Us President. The still seems

18:16

to be a future for charismatic

18:18

centrist leaders. Even

18:20

the Twenty Fourteen Scottish Independence

18:23

Referendum. Which for a long time

18:25

promise to rupture the status quo. Ended

18:27

in a vote for stability. Austerity.

18:32

Also proved less politically explosive during

18:34

the mid Twenty Ten, and his

18:36

critics, homes and some of it's

18:38

advocates said. A

18:40

fact that the cuts with seamless

18:43

is and so ubiquitous made austerity

18:45

hard to organize against. Or.

18:47

Even think clearly about in the round.

18:51

The cops prove numbing as much

18:53

as enraging. At

18:55

the same time, the increases in public

18:57

spending during the previous decade. Men

18:59

that some state services will well enough

19:01

equipped by twenty ten. To absorb

19:04

the cuts without obvious immediate

19:06

image. In Twenty seventeen,

19:08

the T finance of the son

19:10

of a London Hospital trusts. Told.

19:13

Me that it's medical outcomes had

19:15

only started deteriorating once the Pats

19:17

had been underway for half a

19:19

decade. In much of

19:21

Britain, austerity, Took a long time to

19:23

be fully sent. The.

19:26

Conservatives won a majority at the

19:28

twins fifteen election before that could

19:31

happen. A. Jubilant Cameron

19:33

told his party conference soon

19:35

afterwards. I. Really believe we're

19:37

on the brink of something special? We.

19:40

Can make this era these twenty

19:42

tens of defining decade for our

19:44

country. One. Which people will

19:46

look back on and say. That's.

19:49

The time when the tide turned. In.

19:52

Twenty Fifteen. Many. In

19:55

the political and business elite, I'm

19:57

touched by austerity themselves still. but

19:59

the that the troubled late two

20:02

thousand and early twenty tens had

20:04

been an aberration. And that

20:06

the good times the had now. Resumed.

20:09

For. Many other people there was a

20:11

more tentative hope. That. The great

20:14

unraveling the had begun with the

20:16

financial crisis could be kept. At

20:18

bay or ignored at least for a while.

20:21

You. Can sense this escape his

20:23

feelings still, especially in wealthy parts

20:25

of Britain. In the queues

20:28

outside soups with hot new products.

20:30

In all the heaving destiny, new

20:32

restaurants, For. Lots of people,

20:34

at least some of the time. The

20:36

love of the mid Twenty Tens goes on.

20:42

Yet since Twenty Fifteen, ever

20:44

more potent forces have been

20:47

gathering to disrupted the third

20:49

phase of the Twenty teams.

20:51

The Free wherein has been

20:54

more unpredictable, unsettling, and. Sometimes

20:56

thrilling than even the aftermath

20:58

of the financial crisis. The

21:02

capture of the Labour Party and

21:04

Twenty Fifteen by Jeremy Corbyn on

21:06

the left. The Twenty Sixteen Bricks

21:08

votes and election of Trump The

21:11

Shop. Twenty. Seventeen British Election

21:13

Result: And hung Parliament the.

21:15

Revival of the Far Right in

21:17

Britain, the Us and across Europe.

21:20

Even the fact that this list

21:22

is so predictable tells us how

21:24

much political upheaval. Has become

21:26

normalized, During the early

21:28

twenty tens, it was hard to say

21:30

with. Confidence with Britain would be like.

21:33

Politically. Economically, socially,

21:36

Oriented overall mood from one year

21:38

to the next. Nowadays it's hard

21:41

to live a month ahead. Thanks

21:51

for listening to The Guardian! long read.

21:54

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Unlimited slows. As

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23:21

and John Cleese, to celebrity interviews

23:23

and national theses wifi to the

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best articles from across the Guardian.

23:28

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23:30

every Saturday were as he get your

23:33

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23:35

Back to The Guardian Long read. One.

23:42

Way to cope with chaos is

23:45

to accept it. Over the last

23:47

couple of years, a short blond

23:50

sentence has become ubiquitous in British

23:52

conversation. From interviews of Premier League

23:54

football is to soliloquy from Love

23:57

Island contestants. It. Is what

23:59

it is. Usually.

24:02

It means. I'm learning to live

24:04

with something negative. A. Personal

24:07

setback, a wider injustice,

24:09

difficult circumstances, It's

24:11

a mantra for an age of

24:14

diminishing expectations. When many people

24:16

no longer assume unlike their

24:18

post war predecessors. That. They

24:20

will become richer than their parents and.

24:22

Live in an ever more sophisticated

24:25

or just society. On. An

24:27

ever more hospitable permit. When

24:30

people see it is what it is. They.

24:32

Are rarely challenge to. Instead.

24:35

They are usually heard in

24:37

respectful silence. In.

24:39

A difficult world. Fatalism and

24:42

stoicism are. Useful qualities.

24:46

Another coping mechanism is escape.

24:48

Possibly. The most revealing leisure activity of

24:50

the twenty. Tens is shutting yourself.

24:53

Away with a Tv Series. Typically.

24:55

A drama set in another country or

24:57

another era. With an addictive

25:00

slowly result plot, many

25:02

characters, elaborate settings and

25:04

enough episodes. To allow for

25:06

watching him binges. In

25:08

an age of squeezed incomes Tv

25:10

dramas. Are world's you can explore on

25:13

the cheap. But.

25:15

Pricier form of escapism have been

25:18

in the mountains. Theater.

25:20

Productions promise to be. Immersive,

25:22

None. Of the decade Favorite. Promotional:

25:24

to. Replace a new

25:27

inside the spectacle. And com

25:29

for extended duration. Sales.

25:32

Of expensive feel. Guzzling a see

25:34

these often with tinted windows. Grew

25:36

rapidly across the world June The

25:38

Twenty Ten. Drivers: Increasingly

25:41

wants to be raised above and sealed

25:43

off from the street. Meanwhile.

25:46

Upmarket restaurants such as the Tilt

25:48

and Fire House in London, a

25:51

form of Station which reopened as

25:53

a luxurious and closed compound, and

25:55

Twenty thirteen. Feel more A

25:58

more Like States says. They

26:00

completely designed and choreographed that

26:02

the world outside temporarily disappears.

26:06

Even. The Great When as of the Twenty Tens.

26:08

The one percent sometimes want to

26:10

forget. During.

26:13

The decade it became cooler than

26:15

usual in Britain to com certain

26:17

things. Bread. Cakes,

26:19

pies, even grilled cheese

26:22

sandwiches. The. Great British

26:24

Bake Off. First broadcast in twenty

26:26

ten. Made cooking with lots of

26:28

carbs and sugar respectable again. Meanwhile,

26:31

more and more restaurants and

26:33

cafes started offering a meal designed

26:36

to obliterate the day. The.

26:38

Boozy. bottomless brunch. Alcohol

26:41

starts and foot. These.

26:43

Are the tastes perhaps of a

26:45

society that wants to procrastinate to

26:47

not think about the future too

26:50

much? Clothes,

26:52

Have become more cocoon. Enormous

26:54

puffer. just his. Scars,

26:57

The size of small blankets, places and

26:59

will he has. In.

27:01

The two thousands. Clothes, And

27:03

silhouettes were lena a more formal.

27:06

Type suits, skinny chances as

27:08

if people expected to seize

27:11

exciting new opportunities. Or. At

27:13

least to work in offices. In

27:15

the Twenty ten. Social mobility

27:18

has stalled. And many of

27:20

the jobs being created. An often

27:22

taken by middle class graduates. Involve

27:25

zero hours. Contracts an outdoor

27:27

work. Baggy. warm,

27:29

informal clothes or for people who

27:31

expect. Either to be hanging around

27:33

that home. Waiting to hear that

27:36

their labor is required or to be

27:38

hauling parcels and take way orders out

27:40

in the cold. Perhaps.

27:43

The humans silhouette of most embodies the

27:45

Twenty Tens is that of the thousands

27:47

of cyclists walk in for the. Food

27:50

Delivery Service Delivery. Which.

27:52

Was founded in London in twenty

27:54

thirteen and now operates and dozens

27:56

of cities. Across Europe and beyond.

27:59

The. Huge. Inflated containers the riders

28:01

carry on their backs like

28:03

ugly or on protective smell

28:06

shells. Seem to say what is

28:08

a burden you must like. Set however

28:10

much of your dignity it takes

28:12

away. In

28:15

a walk in? Well, that requires. Quick switches

28:17

between. Inactivity and activity.

28:20

That. Values Powers Of Insurance.

28:22

Caffeine is a vital drugs. in

28:25

many British town and city senses. During

28:27

the Twenty Tens. Of the was

28:30

emptied out by online commerce. Cafes.

28:32

Proliferated. Replace in

28:34

shops and pubs as the

28:36

busiest indoor spaces. Many.

28:39

Of these cafes a full of

28:41

people silently work in rather than

28:43

socializing. Or those in them

28:45

civil suit, double expresses. So they

28:48

can go and work somewhere else. Another

28:51

way to cope with a twenty ten has

28:53

been to what obsessively on your. From

28:56

the nineteen fifties to the nineteen

28:58

nineties, Being. Young in the

29:00

west was often associated with lounging

29:02

around. All rebellion or live in for

29:05

the moment. But. In

29:07

the Twenty Ten, spin young often

29:09

means relentlessly working and studying policy

29:12

in your public persona and keeping

29:14

fit. The massively

29:16

popular Hunger Games novels and films

29:18

about young people. Being forced to

29:20

compete to the death with each other

29:23

by a cruel middle aged elite came

29:25

out between two thousand and eight and

29:27

twenty fifteen. Intended

29:29

as dystopian science fiction. They.

29:32

Quickly began to seem more like

29:34

satire. Or even social realism.

29:38

The. Worst things get rights. The

29:40

American essayist via Collins he

29:43

know. The. More a

29:45

person is compelled to optimize

29:47

themselves. This. Can

29:49

be presentational. A carefully

29:51

maintained Instagram feed. The.

29:54

App was released in twenty ten. Or.

29:56

It can be physical. Yoda

29:59

Morrison. Triathlons, It's.

30:01

Not hard to see that renewed

30:03

popularity over the last decade as

30:05

an effort by people conscious or

30:07

otherwise to hide themselves for a

30:09

tough the world. New.

30:12

Consumer devices for collect in personal

30:15

data such as the fitbit tracker.

30:17

Which. First went on sale in twenty ten.

30:20

Mean that this self optimization can

30:22

be measured and compared with the

30:24

essence of others as never before.

30:27

This. Process has created a new

30:29

hierarchy. particularly within the American

30:32

middle class, but increasingly in

30:34

his European counterparts who. Which.

30:36

Privileges: the leanest people, the

30:39

most punishing exercise classes, the

30:41

most body conscious brands of

30:43

workout clothes. Only.

30:45

In a decade so concerned with

30:47

self improvement and self presentation. Could.

30:50

Have less become a fuss

30:52

and category and tones arms

30:54

become such a potent status.

30:56

Symbol for people who never need to

30:58

do manual work. And

31:02

finally, The House. A World of the

31:04

Twenty Times has also. Prompted many people

31:06

to undergo a more private. Less

31:09

visible toughening. One they

31:11

may not even acknowledge to themselves.

31:13

They have got used to walking

31:16

past the decades casualties. In the

31:18

street and not given the much thought.

31:21

In the twenty tens. As an Victorian

31:23

Times, if you want and untroubled mind,

31:25

it doesn't pay to look at the

31:28

world around. You too hard! Or.

31:33

The reactions to the turmoil of the

31:36

last ten years have been less individualistic.

31:39

One person's crisis can be

31:41

another opportunity. And the

31:44

difficulties, Since Twenty Ten have

31:46

so many previously dominant value

31:48

systems. Capitalism. Centrism,

31:50

Traditional conservatism, White

31:52

Male Supremacy. Have

31:55

opened up space for new political. Movements

31:57

at the rate not seen since the

31:59

nine. The sixties. Some.

32:03

Of these movements such as

32:05

Hashtag, Me To and Black

32:07

Lives Matter, A. Revolt Against

32:09

Aids Old. Injustices largely made

32:12

possible and then accelerated

32:14

an amplified. By the

32:16

new digital networks. Others

32:19

such as Extension Rebellion and

32:21

Cool Isn't have been reactions

32:23

to glaring inadequacies in modern

32:26

mainstream politics. It's. Inability

32:28

or unwillingness to address the

32:30

climate emergency. Or to create

32:33

an economy and society that works for

32:35

the majority. Of

32:38

the more right wing insurrections senses,

32:40

the campaign for praxis have been

32:43

partly driven by nostalgia. A

32:45

yearning. To they ban said

32:47

the slow a simpler Britain

32:49

does supposedly existed before today's

32:51

globalized, unsettled country. And

32:54

yet in a disorientating twist

32:56

typical of all times. The.

32:58

Brakes It movement also has

33:00

a ruthlessly modernize inside. Jacob.

33:03

Rees Mogg, one of it's

33:05

most prominent figures, may dress

33:07

like an Edwardian patriarch, but

33:09

he's the cofounder of an

33:11

international investment fund and the

33:13

beneficiary An ad for could.

33:15

Have an ever more footloose,

33:17

disruptive capitalism. One

33:21

thing all the new movements of the

33:23

Twenty Ten have in common is that

33:25

they have already chase and millions of

33:27

people think both inside the movements and

33:29

outside them. Another is that

33:31

we don't. Know yet? How

33:33

permanent and influential that change will

33:35

be. Hashtag me To

33:38

could turn out to be one

33:40

of the many heavily resisted campaigns

33:42

in feminisms. Long struggle or it

33:45

could transform for good. How

33:47

women and men relate to each other And

33:49

how women think about them since. The.

33:52

Bricks it movement could. Be a passing

33:54

that nationalist. Third, Or fourth,

33:56

that revise the Tory party for the

33:58

long term. Most

34:01

of these movements have an

34:03

impatient millenarian quality. An. expectation.

34:06

that momentous change his clothes,

34:08

that hand. This. Is

34:10

a huge shift away from the

34:12

politics of the Nineteen Nineties and

34:14

t thousands when western politicians. Such

34:17

as Brown sought to receive

34:19

society through modest, incremental reforms

34:22

such as. making school class

34:24

sizes smaller. In. The

34:26

end grand schemes such as Breaks

34:28

It Made disappoint or worse. But.

34:31

The Twenty Times have reacquainted voters

34:33

with the idea that politics can

34:36

be about big promises and fundamental

34:38

choices. More.

34:41

Quietly, the twenty tens of also

34:43

brought a renewed realize a son

34:45

that culture is political. After

34:47

that case when most creative people

34:49

and cultural critics avoided. That conclusion.

34:53

Literary and Up prices now

34:55

regularly. Go to people who what? Is

34:57

virtually political. Such. As

34:59

Margaret Atwood or more subtly so

35:01

such as the architects a collective

35:04

assemble who won the Turner Prize

35:06

in Twenty Fifteen for helping to

35:08

rebuild. A run down part of Liverpool.

35:12

In. Recent years, such competitions have

35:14

begun to be scrutinized for their

35:17

sensitivity to questions of race, class,

35:19

and gender. Although

35:21

prices are inherently elitists,

35:24

They. Are now also. Increase in the

35:26

expected to promote greater equality. In

35:28

Society As a Hong. It.

35:30

Is a contradiction characteristic of a

35:33

decade politics. Were a greater

35:35

awareness of the injustices suffered by

35:37

many social. Groups and sometimes a

35:39

greater willingness to redress them. Coexist.

35:42

With an intensifying individualism.

35:45

With. A growing preference. For lesson

35:47

people, self identifies, And respect

35:50

in each person's particular life

35:52

experience. Whether. These

35:54

collectivist an. Individualist tendencies can coexist

35:56

in. The Lantern is a test

35:58

in that the. Kate have not

36:01

resolved. What

36:03

is more. The reawakening of politics

36:05

since Twenty Ten has only been

36:07

partial. In. The decades for

36:10

British general elections, the turnouts

36:12

has been sixty five percent.

36:14

Sixty six percent, Sixty nine

36:17

percent. And Sixty seven percent. Only

36:20

a modest improvement on the apathetic turn

36:22

out of the two thousand. And

36:24

well below the twentieth century average.

36:27

Even. The supposedly critical breaks That

36:29

referendum was devalued to a degree

36:32

by the non participation of more

36:34

than a quarter of the electorate.

36:37

The. Indifference of many potential

36:39

remain voters. Turn. Out

36:41

in some Euro thought areas of London

36:43

was lower than in general elections. Was.

36:45

As much responsible for the final result

36:48

as the commitment of many leave. In

36:52

Twenty Twelve Marxists as said that

36:54

Britain. Was suffering from depression,

36:57

economics and boom time

36:59

politics. The disengagement

37:01

prompted by the relatively comfortable

37:03

Ninety Nine Sees and Two

37:05

Thousand was lingering on despite

37:07

the reopening of so many

37:09

economic issues by. The financial

37:11

crisis. Seven years

37:13

later, apathy remains. A habit

37:16

for many Britons. Politics may

37:18

have become much more vibrant,

37:20

ambitious, and relevant over the

37:22

past decade, but they haven't

37:24

noticed. Or. Was still they

37:26

don't like it. In.

37:35

Many areas of our lives the

37:37

Twenty Thames have been less transformative,

37:39

and we often think. In

37:42

Twenty Eleven, the music critic

37:44

Simon Reynolds, published. Wrecked

37:47

Romania. Pop. Coaches addiction to

37:49

it's own past. A

37:51

book about the power of nostalgia

37:53

in the early twenty first century

37:56

still resumes today. He

37:58

argued that digital technology. The. Far

38:00

from enable in more creativity. Had

38:03

actually made it both hada

38:05

unless essential for artists. And.

38:08

Set of common up with new

38:10

ideas. they could now roam the

38:12

Internet's infinite archives and build careers

38:14

out of clever hybrids. And pastiches

38:17

of previous forms. Since.

38:20

Reynolds book came out. Amounts him

38:23

crises of the twenty times have made

38:25

the avoidance of the present in favor

38:27

of the past even more appealing. Pop.

38:30

Culture from the nineteen Nineties. In

38:32

particular, such as the cozy

38:34

Tv series, Friends has become

38:36

hugely popular again. In

38:39

are often but could little society.

38:41

Time. Itself seems to become

38:44

sluggish. Wrote Reynolds Like a

38:46

river that starts to meander.

38:50

In the Nineteen seventies, a similar

38:52

feeling of cultural time slowing than.

38:55

Just as political events for speeding

38:57

up spread through western culture. From

39:00

Pop. Music To Fashion. Architecture

39:02

to academia. The. confident

39:05

future orientated mindset of the

39:07

mid twentieth century. Modernism.

39:09

Was gradually. Replaced by the doubts

39:12

in of one postmodernism. Which

39:14

questions as many people do now

39:16

where the progress and truth with

39:19

possible at all. And

39:21

even in politics for all

39:23

the decades dramas, the seventies

39:25

actually resolved little. Most.

39:28

Of the decisive changes to Britain

39:30

and the Us during the late

39:32

twentieth century, Didn't. Come until

39:35

afterwards with Margaret Thatcher and

39:37

Ronald Reagan seminal Nineteen eighties

39:40

government's. A.

39:42

Similar dynamic may be at work

39:44

now. Breaks. It has

39:46

yet to happen. Global.

39:48

Capitalism has yet to alter course

39:51

as. Growth slows and inequality

39:53

grows. Trump's presidency has

39:55

yet to be judged by the

39:57

electorate. Britain. Has

39:59

yet to experience Boris Johnson's

40:01

equally risky brand of populism

40:03

as a form of government

40:05

in any significant sense, rather

40:07

than as a crude but

40:09

effective new way of winning

40:11

elections. A

40:14

radical government of the left, while

40:17

appealing to an increase in number

40:19

of young voters remains a more

40:21

theoretical prospects still. The.

40:23

Climate crisis is probably. Only just

40:26

beginning. Digital. Technology has

40:28

only just started to change us.

40:30

And many of the people involved in

40:33

all the political activism of the last

40:35

ten years I've just beginning their careers.

40:37

As voters as possible

40:39

politicians. If

40:41

you think the twenty tens or age

40:44

of crises. Have seen too much

40:46

upheaval. Or. If you think things

40:48

haven't been shaken up enough, Just.

40:50

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41:01

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