0:05

From the BBC World Service, This

0:09

is the climate question with Sophie Eastall

0:11

and Luke Jones. This week,

0:13

we're off to a tropical rainforest. So

0:18

was born in Colombia and I remember

0:20

growing up just being amazed by

0:22

the biodiversity in the country.

0:25

Felipe Zapata is a botanist. in

0:28

the rainforest, you get to see

0:30

many pieces of monkeys. You

0:32

get to see the jaguar,

0:35

which is our largest category

0:37

in South America. We

0:40

had to hear crickets and

0:42

cicadas. and then you hear

0:44

the frogs also singing in the background.

0:47

And if you are lucky, you get to see

0:49

flocks of birds and flocks of birds

0:51

moving around on the birds. making

0:54

noises.

0:59

There are a few trees in the tropics.

1:01

that I really like. One is

1:03

called the Jaromos because

1:06

has huge leaves. The

1:08

leaves are almost like seabury.

1:11

They look white and they shine. But

1:13

at the same time, these plants have

1:15

a close association with

1:18

ants. so ants live

1:20

inside the stems of these trees

1:22

and they form this kind of unique mutualistic

1:24

association. Columbia

1:28

is one of the most biodiversity countries

1:30

in the world.

1:31

Yeah. It has more species of

1:33

birds and orchids than anywhere else.

1:35

And

1:35

seven hundred and thirty six different types of

1:37

frog now. It ranks second

1:39

in the world for amphibians. It is literally

1:42

mega diverse. That's the actual scientific term

1:44

for it.

1:44

Mega Diverse. Nice.

1:47

I heard that Colombia is actually home

1:50

to ten percent of the world's plant

1:52

and animal species, which is pretty

1:54

impressive.

1:54

But they're under threat from farming,

1:57

from pollution, from most humans,

1:59

basically.

1:59

We still discourage species

2:02

every single day but at the same time, we

2:04

are losing many of those

2:06

habitats fairly rapidly. So

2:09

it's hard to imagine although we're

2:11

losing mainly because we don't even know

2:13

all the biodiversity that we have.

2:15

The stats on biodiversity loss

2:18

are shocking and particularly in the part

2:20

of the world where you're from. I saw

2:22

a report from the charity WWF

2:24

that in Latin America and the

2:26

Caribbean, wildlife populations

2:29

have dropped. On average, ninety

2:31

four percent since nineteen

2:33

seventy. Yeah. it's shocking.

2:36

The forest is being completely destroyed,

2:39

and all the trees have been cut down.

2:41

You don't see any more take the birds that

2:43

used to be in those places or the

2:45

plants and the associated organisms that

2:48

come with with all the plants or the pollinators, etcetera.

2:51

So it's really sad to see one of those

2:53

places that used to be a beautiful

2:55

lush green forest to

2:58

become like a flat place for

3:01

agriculture or mining. This

3:03

isn't just happening in Colombia. Biodiversity being

3:06

destroyed right around the world. One

3:08

study said it was happening one thousand

3:10

times faster than ever before in

3:12

the history of Earth. Wow. That is

3:15

in saying really awful.

3:17

And if you're concerned about global warming,

3:19

then this should worry

3:20

you too. Because you can't

3:22

really separate the two. This week

3:24

on the climate question, we're asking, how

3:27

much does biodiversity matter

3:29

to climate change?

3:41

Let's

3:41

stick with the Mega Columbia,

3:44

but we're off to another very different

3:47

natural habitat.

3:49

I would say that I'm in my favorite

3:51

place in the world. I would say

3:53

that the Panama is the most unique

3:55

ecosystem in the world. Marcella

3:57

Fernandez is a conservationist.

4:00

Only four countries in the world

4:02

have this ecosystem, and

4:05

it's up to three thousand meters

4:07

above sea level. It is usually

4:09

the ecosystem that it's before the

4:11

glacier. it's just

4:13

unique. It's very humid. It's chile,

4:16

and it is basically a

4:18

machine of creating water and

4:20

fog. These are the Parramos

4:22

of Colombia. And

4:23

these parallels are, well,

4:26

think of a wild hilly, grassy

4:28

moorland. They're honed more than five

4:30

thousand plant species. Many of them endangered

4:33

and found nowhere else on Earth.

4:35

Can you describe it for us? What can

4:37

you see?

4:38

Well, it's like fifty

4:40

shades of green. You

4:42

can see

4:43

different types of green that you didn't

4:45

even know exist.

4:46

And there are some amazing creatures.

4:49

the favorite of many

4:51

is the Condor. Colombia

4:53

has sixty two condos,

4:55

and it's really rare to see one.

4:58

the first time I saw a Honda, I couldn't

5:00

believe it. I started crying. There's

5:02

another very special one that I haven't seen

5:04

it, which is It's

5:07

the bear with glasses. But

5:09

I'm here in front of the king

5:11

of the Paramo, which is the fréricorn.

5:13

The scientific name is Espelipia.

5:17

And basically, this is

5:19

special type of plant, very

5:21

unique that can carry a lot of

5:23

water. It's almost like a sponge.

5:26

and it has amazing leaves

5:28

that are able to capture every

5:30

drop of water and carry

5:32

it in their body. So

5:35

through the leaves, they can create fog

5:37

and through its roots, it can create

5:39

rivers. So basically, I

5:41

am located in the place

5:43

where eighty percent of the water,

5:45

the drinking water of colombians

5:47

come from. They

5:48

sound amazing. What do these

5:51

plants look like? Oh

5:52

my god. I wish you were all here.

5:55

to see them because they are spectacular.

5:58

They are Wow. The nature

6:00

has the capacity to create so much

6:02

beauty. you can imagine a

6:04

tree full of leaves

6:06

that are very very very long, almost

6:10

like rabbit ears. And instead

6:12

of being white, they are

6:14

green. They have hairs,

6:16

like small type of hairs that

6:18

are the ones that produce all the magic.

6:20

to capture this humidity. Are

6:23

you saying that they can actually affect

6:25

the weather? Yes. Yes. Hundred

6:28

percent. So they can carry four

6:30

times their weight in

6:32

water.

6:33

Right?

6:33

So they have a crucial role

6:36

whenever there's not enough water

6:38

they start giving it back

6:40

to the land, and there's sometimes drier

6:43

seasons. They work like reservoirs.

6:45

They also have the capacity to do what we

6:47

call carbon sequestration. So capture

6:50

all those particles of

6:52

carbon dioxide that C02

6:54

that is in there and they

6:56

can put it below the

6:58

soil. So these are

7:00

really masters of capturing

7:02

emissions. And

7:03

these magic plants that Marcella

7:05

describes are so symbolic in Colombia.

7:07

They even have them on their coins,

7:10

but they're under threat from farming.

7:12

The Panama

7:13

has been extremely effective. You

7:15

can see cows up to three

7:17

thousand meters. You can see agriculture

7:19

in places where they shouldn't.

7:22

So you could even see a tractor

7:24

destroying hectares

7:26

and hectares of Paramo, four

7:28

thousand meters of sea level, where

7:31

only private hornets and endemic

7:33

plants of the Paramo should be grown

7:36

and mining as well. Paramo's

7:39

have gold. There's ninety three

7:41

types of species of flying

7:43

horn. Fifty of them are in some

7:46

sort of extension danger,

7:48

and fifteen of them are critical

7:51

danger of extinction.

7:52

On top of regulating the water supply

7:55

and sucking up carbon, there's yet

7:57

another reason why these succulent plants

7:59

are important.

7:59

And it's the very reason that inspired

8:02

Marcella to stop what she was doing

8:04

and start home conservation charity, Kumbra's

8:07

Blancas, which means white peaks.

8:09

I was reading the newspaper almost

8:11

five years ago, and I read

8:13

the Columbia, my country,

8:15

has tropical glaciers and that

8:17

in the past century, we lost

8:20

eight of them. I was literally

8:22

in shock.

8:22

I was asking

8:24

myself, in which country

8:26

have I been living? If

8:27

I don't know that Colombia has tropical

8:30

glaciers, Nobody in my

8:31

country knows.

8:33

So immediately, I had

8:35

this project in my head. I

8:37

always think of Colombia's a

8:39

warm country. What is a tropical

8:42

glacier? Yeah. Well, a tropical

8:44

glacier, I like to pull them as

8:46

miracles. So

8:48

we could find tropical glaciers in

8:50

the Andes region, certain countries such

8:52

as Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia,

8:55

Bolivia, Peru, but

8:57

we can also find it in Indonesia and Papua

8:59

New Guinea. And in Africa, we can find

9:02

it in Mauquenia, Cimanjaro,

9:04

and the Rens river mountains. So these

9:06

are the tropical glaciers of the

9:08

world, and we consider

9:10

them like terminally ill patients.

9:12

They are the martyrs of climate

9:14

change because they are the first ones

9:16

to disappear. And

9:18

how do the frileron? How

9:20

do these succulents connect with the

9:23

glassiers. So the Panama

9:25

and the glacier behave like

9:27

one. They cannot live without one

9:29

another. So what can we

9:31

do to try to make

9:33

snow? And then we started to

9:35

focus on the frilly hornets. how

9:37

could we create green houses

9:40

and plant many,

9:41

many, many flight attendants. What

9:43

if in the next ten years,

9:45

we

9:45

restore this ecosystem

9:48

all over the country. Well,

9:50

maybe we could actually create

9:52

snow because that's what the friday

9:54

home can do. they can capture

9:57

the water, transform it into

9:59

fog, keep

9:59

the humidity, keep the temperatures

10:02

colder, And if we really

10:04

do this in a positively aggressive

10:07

way, maybe it's no kind of

10:09

more than it's coming

10:10

right now.

10:17

This

10:17

goes way beyond

10:18

succulents and glassiers and

10:21

Weybe on Columbia as well, biodiversity

10:23

loss is hitting animal species

10:25

around the world. Yeah. Have you seen

10:27

the late red list. Red list.

10:29

It's not a good list to be on. It's

10:31

from the International Union for the

10:33

Conservation of Nature, and it tells

10:35

us which species are at risk of extinction and

10:37

how much. Okay. So what's the damage?

10:39

More than a quarter of all

10:41

mammals are at risk. thirty

10:44

seven percent of sharks and

10:46

forty one percent of amphibians. That's

10:48

things like frogs

10:49

and toads. Okay. And

10:51

aside from that obviously being very upsetting

10:53

for nature itself in this

10:55

variety, biodiversity is

10:58

inextricably linked to climate change as

11:00

well.

11:00

They are, and that's one of the reasons why

11:03

world leaders have gathered for another

11:05

conference. It's another cop in fact

11:07

They're there to come up with a plan to try

11:08

and halt and reverse humans'

11:11

relentless destruction of nature.

11:13

It's called COP fifteen. this

11:15

time, conference of the parties to the convention

11:17

on biological biodiversity, and

11:19

it's happening now in Montreal, Canada.

11:21

Yeah. And the pressure is on. With

11:24

biodiversity disappearing at such

11:26

an alarming rate, it's seen as a

11:28

make or break moment to save

11:30

nature.

11:30

BBC Science correspondent Victoria Gill

11:32

is in Montreal for this

11:34

conference and can help explain

11:36

Vic welcome. Thank you. I hope I can

11:38

help. I hope I have much sleep. And

11:40

the the last few days. Well, it's an easy

11:42

question first of all, I guess. Why is this called

11:44

COP again? We've had COP twenty

11:46

seven. And now we've gone back to COP

11:48

fifteen. What's happening? Well, we're

11:50

still moving forward, I promise. These are

11:52

different cops for different conventions. There are lots

11:54

of cops. wherever you've got a UN convention that lots of

11:56

countries or parties have signed up to,

11:58

you get a conference of the

11:59

parties, a cop, you know, so there's a cop

12:02

for the convention against organized crime. There's a

12:04

cop for the convention of combating

12:06

desertification, obviously, one for

12:08

the conventional

12:09

climate change, and this one is

12:10

for So we are

12:13

moving

12:13

forward. This is the fifteenth of these.

12:15

Okay. And although it is a big

12:17

conference in the world's governments

12:19

are there, really not getting as

12:21

much airtime as the last

12:23

cop. Mhmm. How significant is

12:25

this gathering? This is

12:27

hugely urgent. This COP was very

12:29

delayed because it was supposed to take place in

12:31

China. So it was delayed

12:32

by the pandemic and then by that

12:35

country's

12:35

extreme COVID restrictions.

12:38

So

12:38

Canada sort of stepped in at the last

12:40

minutes to host it in Montreal. And

12:43

even still that we've had this kind of, you

12:45

know, nearly three year, two and a half year

12:47

delay, We're still in a position

12:49

where the the agreement that's on the table

12:51

to do, you know, what you were talking about there,

12:53

to

12:53

reverse our relentless disruption of the

12:55

natural world. There's still a lot of

12:57

divisive points in that to do list that

12:59

needs to be signed off in the next couple of

13:01

weeks. There's a lot at stake. It is something that

13:03

I

13:03

spoke to the UN's biodiversity chief

13:06

Elizabeth Maruma and Remo about

13:08

yesterday. The

13:09

scientists are telling us this is the

13:12

last chance. whether they do

13:14

it or we perish and there will

13:16

be nothing left

13:16

for grandchildren or future

13:19

generation. So that

13:20

was what she had to say as all the arguments

13:22

get underway. Before we get to

13:24

what might be agreed and what needs to be agreed,

13:26

just explain for the link between

13:28

actually protecting the biodiversity

13:30

around the world and helping fight

13:32

climate change.

13:33

So we've essentially knocked the

13:36

world out of balance when it

13:38

comes to the cycle of carbon

13:40

emissions and nature's job

13:42

of taking that carbon away.

13:44

by chopping down trees, by

13:46

destroying wetlands, by taking

13:48

anything that is made

13:50

of carbon and taking it off planet's

13:52

surface or taken out of the oceans, we're

13:54

doing some destruction.

13:55

There's also this kind of the flip

13:57

side of that climate change and by

13:59

biodiversity, two of the same

14:02

coin, you know, these intrinsically linked issues.

14:04

Because if we look at, say, one of

14:06

the big flagship goals of this agreement

14:08

about protecting more of

14:10

the seas and the earth's surface.

14:12

If you protect, say, an area of

14:14

land for an ecosystem where

14:17

certain wildlife lives. So you think about

14:19

the Arctic, for example, and the

14:21

polar bears that live there. If climate

14:23

change then warms that ecosystem

14:25

too much, and the polar bears can't

14:27

survive because there's no sea ice to hunt on

14:29

and pounce on seals, then

14:31

it does no point in protecting

14:33

an area where it's unsurvivably warm.

14:35

So they're intrinsically connected.

14:37

It's kind of this big cycle. Yeah.

14:39

That makes complete sense. So

14:42

everybody's gathered there to try and

14:44

do something. this gonna be like

14:46

the last cop or every

14:48

cop where you have days of wrangling and

14:50

then hopefully some kind of

14:52

agreement and a gavel bang down at

14:54

the end. that I mean, that's the plan,

14:56

but there is quite

14:56

a lot of concern that there are still some issues

14:59

of division because this is a

15:01

really complicated issue. But what we've

15:03

got here is essentially a an

15:05

action plan, like a to do list

15:07

to reverse the decline of

15:09

biodiversity. You talked about some of those

15:11

huge stats about, you know, the number of wildlife

15:13

species that have threatened the habitats that

15:15

have been lost. Human activity

15:18

has changed three quarters of

15:20

the the planet's surface has transformed it.

15:23

So there

15:23

is a lot to do, you know, when you're tackling

15:26

pollution, pests, sides,

15:28

agriculture without vilifying and

15:30

stopping farmers from being able to produce food

15:32

for eight billion people and then trying

15:34

to protect nature at the same time. That is one

15:36

heck of a to

15:36

do list, so a lot to be signed off

15:38

and everybody has to agree before that gavel

15:40

can go down. And we'll get into what

15:42

could be in that a little bit later on. But

15:44

just finally for now, we've had fourteen

15:47

of these conferences biodiversity

15:50

previously before this cop fifteen. And I presume

15:52

we've had targets and agreements since then. How

15:54

has that gone? Have they all been met?

15:56

No.

15:57

Which is one of the reasons

15:59

why

15:59

this is being, you know,

16:02

people from the

16:02

UN and leaders who are here

16:05

are pulling no punches at least in

16:07

their rhetoric that this is the most important

16:09

meeting for an agreement for the

16:11

diversity of life on our planet. You know,

16:13

Elizabeth Rooma Roama Roama said to

16:15

me, we have to remind everybody that

16:17

nature isn't just a nice thing to have.

16:19

It's the food we eat. It's the air

16:21

we breathe. It's the water we

16:23

drink. It is the foundation

16:25

of life. So yes,

16:27

there's a lot on the table. Yeah.

16:29

Lots to look

16:29

for and lots of hope there for sure.

16:32

Thank you so much, Victoria. Well, we're gonna

16:34

hear more from you and the conference

16:36

cup fifteen in Montréal and the

16:38

agreement that could be thrashed out a bit

16:40

later. We caught up with our

16:42

next guest as she was on her

16:44

way to the conference.

16:50

My name is Akansha Katri, and I

16:52

had the Nature and Biodiversity work

16:54

at the World Economic Forum.

16:58

The one point five degree

17:00

pathway is based on a scenario

17:02

which assumes that nature and

17:04

its abundance

17:05

stays at a certain

17:07

level. But if you constantly

17:09

keep on declining in terms

17:11

of nature, the

17:12

scenario actually kind of goes outside

17:14

of the window.

17:17

point

17:17

five degrees above industrial levels

17:19

was the limit of global warming

17:21

setback in twenty fifteen, also known as

17:23

the Paris Agreement, signed by

17:26

world leaders avoid the most dangerous irreversible effects

17:28

of climate change. It's a goal

17:30

that's already incredibly fragile.

17:33

I

17:33

can't just say that biodiversity

17:35

a crucial part of it. So

17:37

what's driving the destruction of nature?

17:39

We

17:40

can actually point to very

17:43

areas that need to be focused on,

17:45

which science has been talking about

17:47

for quite some time now. So

17:49

first of all, of course, we have

17:51

to look at our food system. The

17:53

biggest driver of deforestation

17:57

is agriculture. The second

17:59

is pollution. One of the

18:01

biggest drivers is actually

18:03

agriculture runoff. so

18:05

pesticides, fertilizers that we use in

18:08

intensive agriculture, eventually

18:10

finds its way into the

18:12

water streams or the soil,

18:14

and also into our bodies.

18:17

Right? In fact, a study in

18:19

twenty nineteen found that pesticide

18:21

use an agriculture have led

18:23

to a decline of forty

18:25

percent of the world's insects.

18:26

Another driver is invasive species,

18:29

plants or animals introduced to

18:31

a non native habitat. Invasive

18:33

alien species happen because

18:35

we are constantly turning

18:37

around habitats, which means

18:39

that what would have been in

18:41

a delicate balance today does

18:44

not happen, and we have a few species

18:46

which are eating up the others. And

18:48

that completely changes the

18:50

integrity of an ecosystem. And

18:52

lastly and most importantly, climate

18:54

change is responsible for about

18:56

thirteen percent of biodiversity loss.

18:59

So the two are actually quite

19:02

intertwined. So not

19:03

only is man made building

19:05

and fishing and farming,

19:08

causing biodiversity does. But man

19:10

made climate change is also killing

19:12

off species and plants. Which puts us in

19:14

a kind of vicious circle, doesn't it? Because

19:17

that then in itself drives climate

19:19

change even further. It's

19:20

often been talked about like how the Amazon can

19:22

actually go from bigger carbon sink to

19:24

a carbon emitter if it goes beyond a

19:27

certain tipping point. A

19:29

sneaky example or unusual one

19:31

is looking at

19:33

whales. There was a study which talks about the carbon

19:36

sequestration potential of

19:38

whales, both in terms of what they

19:40

do by consuming the fighter

19:42

plantants from the

19:44

water, but also the amount of carbon

19:46

they actually store in

19:48

their bodies. Is it

19:50

other ecosystems as well? I

19:52

mean, is it corals? Is it

19:54

wetlands? Peetlands? Which

19:56

areas are important? Peaklins and vetlins

19:58

are these unique ecosystems which

19:59

have a huge carbon sink

20:02

potential. The other ones would

20:04

be mangrove. So mangroves

20:06

actually have a carbon sink

20:08

potential way more than actually the

20:10

rainforest even. So

20:13

protecting mangrove's is as

20:15

critical as protecting rainforests. Mangrove's

20:17

rainforest, Paitlands,

20:20

wales even all of these important,

20:22

not just for living in a

20:24

beautiful varied world, but also for

20:26

sucking up so much carbon dioxide. We've

20:28

made programs about these before on the

20:30

climate question have a callback on

20:32

BBC sounds. to

20:35

hear them.

20:41

So we've heard the

20:41

problem, but how can we reverse

20:44

this loss of precious plants and

20:46

animals? It's not going

20:46

to be easy, but as ever,

20:49

money is a good motivator. Currently,

20:51

many people make money from destroying nature,

20:54

but could we make protecting it

20:56

financially worthwhile? So

20:58

our economic system incentivizes

21:02

or

21:02

rewards behavior,

21:04

which cuts that tree down. So

21:07

we need to shift that. So there is

21:09

need for a transition finance.

21:11

Where we want to get to

21:13

is that a standing forest

21:16

brings more money than a

21:18

fallen tree.

21:18

I actually earn more money from a

21:21

healthy ecosystem than a degraded

21:23

one? Governments have been

21:25

subsidizing farmers for

21:27

a very long time. So most

21:30

of the incentives were

21:32

designed for increasing productivity.

21:35

we need to move them away from

21:37

harming nature to actually being

21:40

nature positive. If we could look at

21:42

a different paradigm where

21:44

as a I'm not

21:46

only compensated for the produce,

21:48

so the say, suppose, the apples that I

21:50

grow, but I'm also compensated for

21:52

the ecosystem services that

21:54

I provide to the world. So maybe I'll earn

21:57

ten pounds from the

21:59

apples that I sell, but

22:01

I will earn an additional five pounds because

22:03

my soil is healthy and that is

22:06

securing water retention for the

22:08

entire neighborhood. So

22:10

once

22:10

again, it comes down to money. Just

22:13

like with cop twenty seven and reducing

22:15

emissions, cop fifteen and

22:17

protecting biodiversity will need

22:19

a lot.

22:20

of cash. And many people couldn't agree that

22:22

there is an urgent case for this, but

22:24

still is an agreement that's

22:26

ambitious and well funded enough

22:29

actually possible. It's

22:30

a especially when there are so many

22:32

competing priorities. Let's go back

22:34

to Victoria Gill, the BBC science

22:37

correspondent, who's at the

22:39

conference, Victoria, we

22:41

know that it's never easy getting

22:43

a hundred and ninety six countries

22:45

to agree on a deal.

22:48

Where do you think the big sticking points

22:49

are gonna be? At the moment,

22:52

Sophie, they're all sticking points. That's

22:54

something that has been

22:56

raised by some of the scientists we've

22:58

spoken to here.

22:58

Something that they've really raised a lot of

23:01

concern about is that they've presented this big

23:03

report to say, okay, this is the state

23:04

of is the impact that we're having,

23:07

and this is the evidence about what needs to be

23:09

done. And when that's

23:10

been handed over to the politicians, the

23:12

very first draft of that looked really, really good

23:14

in terms of it being aligned with the

23:16

science. With, of course, a lot of

23:18

other really crucial politics in there

23:20

as well.

23:20

But when

23:22

that has been put on paper in

23:24

the agreement that's

23:25

kind of on the table in front of

23:27

those nearly two hundred countries here, there's

23:29

a lot of brack kits in it. And what brackets mean

23:31

is areas where there's still a lot of

23:33

division. And at the last count, there

23:35

were hundreds of these brackets. So

23:38

they're almost all sticking points right now. So I

23:40

kind of don't want to ask this next question then,

23:42

Victoria. But can you look into your crystal

23:44

ball forwards? Is there anything where

23:46

you think something that will survive that

23:48

process and will be at the forefront of the agreement,

23:50

maybe some kind of new target. Yeah.

23:52

Well, the flagship one that keeps

23:55

getting talked about here and it might be

23:57

because

23:57

it's kind of a pithy catch phrase, is

23:59

this thirty by

23:59

thirty, thirty percent of land

24:02

and sea being protected by twenty

24:04

thirty. And that's, you know, it's

24:06

quantifiable, immeasurable, and

24:08

in some ways, that's sort of an

24:10

easier thing to sign up to than things

24:12

that are you know, more

24:14

politically tricky, more financially

24:16

costly. So I think that's gonna be the

24:18

one that people are are really pushing for.

24:21

And of course, We do know from the

24:23

last huge biodiversity conference

24:26

that happened twelve years ago in

24:28

Japan, the last big milestone one.

24:30

that what was agreed

24:32

wasn't stuck to at

24:34

all? No. BBC Science

24:37

correspondent Victoria Gill with them eyes peeled an

24:39

agreement set yet another cup. Thank

24:41

you.

24:45

Back in the Parramos

24:47

of Colombia, Marcellus has

24:49

a deal on nature can't come

24:52

soon enough. You know what I would like to

24:54

see? I would like to see

24:56

those negotiators diplomats,

24:59

people in suits, visiting

25:01

a glacier. Visiting a pyramid.

25:03

If we lose the pyramid,

25:05

we would lose

25:08

numerous species Cholora and Fauna.

25:10

The home of the Condor, the

25:12

home of the Bear,

25:14

so many rabbits, foxes,

25:16

will completely disappear. This is the home

25:18

of a lot of species that

25:20

only live here, and it

25:22

would be risking our water

25:25

supply, we would be accelerating the

25:27

melting of the glaciers, and we

25:29

would just become the country

25:32

that having more than sixty percent

25:34

of the pandemas in the world

25:36

allow them to be gone, to

25:38

disappear.

25:38

So this is

25:39

not something that we can

25:42

admit. That's

25:49

it. From the climate question this week.

25:51

Thanks for listening. If

25:52

you've got any questions or comments, please

25:54

get in touch. Maybe you've seen

25:57

biodiversity

25:57

loss where you live. The climate question at BBC

25:59

dot com

25:59

is our email. You can even send us a voice

26:02

note on that email as well. If you like, you can

26:04

actually hear your voice on the

26:06

show. This week's program was

26:07

made by producer, Georgia Cohn, researcher,

26:10

Francis Reid, series producer, Alex

26:12

Lewis, and editor, Bridget Harney. and

26:14

the

26:14

man who makes the rainforest sing

26:17

Tom Brigham. I'm Luke Jones. I'm

26:19

Sophie Easter. Goodbye. Bye.

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