0:00

This. He.

0:02

Is Twists this weekend. Science

0:05

Episode number Nine Hundred Sixty

0:07

Nine Recorded on Wednesday, May.

0:09

Eight, Two Thousand and Twenty

0:11

Four. Where. Are all

0:14

the science mom's. Hey

0:16

everyone, I'm Doctor Kiki and tonight

0:18

on the show we are going

0:20

to fill your head with light

0:22

leprosy. And. Little implants,

0:25

But. First. Thanks. To

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our amazing patriot sponsors for their

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generous support of twists. You.

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Can become a part of

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the Patriot community at patriot.com/this

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weekend science. The. School

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I'm a disclaimer: Disclaimer: Kids.

0:42

These days. It's. A

0:44

phrase often spoken by people have a

0:46

certain age before detailing all the things

0:48

they can go wrong with the current

0:50

generation of young people. And.

0:53

Being of a certain age myself, I think

0:55

it's time that I weigh in on. Kids.

0:58

These days. Hands

1:01

these days it's. Been. A

1:03

lot of time on social

1:05

media, watching the you tubes

1:07

the influences and playing video

1:10

games online. In. My

1:12

day. We. Didn't do any of that. Online

1:15

hadn't been invented yet. For one. Instead.

1:18

Of getting information from Google, we

1:20

get a lot of information that

1:22

requires some level of so scrutiny.

1:24

Differentiate good sources from bad. In.

1:27

My day. We asked our questions to

1:30

slightly older kids. And. Went

1:32

with whatever they said. We.

1:34

hung out at malls, watch wherever

1:36

was on television, and only play

1:38

video games if we had enough

1:40

quarters. Kids. These

1:42

days, her anti war, anti

1:45

fascist, and anti corporate greed.

1:47

He also proved gender equality.

1:50

In my Day and in your

1:52

Parents and Grandparents day. Youth.

1:55

Was also anti war, anti

1:57

corporate greed and percival right.

2:00

The great grandparents are called

2:02

the greatest generation. And. They

2:04

invented Anti Fascism Fight Against

2:06

It. And. One. They.

2:08

Would be proud of you. Kids. These

2:11

days don't want to work dead end

2:13

jobs for low pay. It's neither did

2:15

your parents or grandparents and they're dead

2:17

and low paying jobs. Had. More

2:20

purchase power than yours. Kids

2:22

today believe in a better future

2:24

than the world as they found

2:26

it. And that is something

2:28

that has guided every generation. And

2:31

why kids of every generation

2:33

love this weekend Science. And

2:36

the up next. And

3:14

a good sense to you tear

3:16

just in and as a line

3:19

out there. Welcome to another episode

3:21

of this week in Science. We're

3:24

back again to talk about all

3:26

the science news that we that

3:28

would be fun to discuss. Oh

3:30

yeah with that a ton of

3:32

stuff. Oh my kids these days.

3:37

And you will make it a little

3:39

aside and considering the kids in the

3:41

world just wanna say hail You Science

3:43

Mom's It's all on his mother's day

3:45

and there are you science noms do

3:47

in the science and the morning. On

3:50

a say are amazing! You are an.

3:54

Easy like to do and if you feel like.

3:56

It yet. You can even have kids

3:58

these days. That mom's these

4:01

days. Now. But.

4:04

Science also helps a lot as well, but

4:06

I'd love to hear from the science bombs

4:08

out there. Send us a note about. Your.

4:11

Experience as a super science mom.

4:14

And I'd love to share your amazing this with

4:16

the Twist community. If you would

4:18

share it with us that would be

4:20

great. Everyone out there though thank you

4:23

for joining us or another episode. Me

4:25

does only have a great show ahead.

4:28

I'm surface. Because

4:30

I've thought a lot about it. I'll

4:33

I mean, I've brains. Lots of brain

4:35

stories that I have new. So many

4:37

stories about exciting blue balls. Parrot.

4:42

Step. Dad's bad business. A

4:44

new look at light and

4:46

lot since thought about things

4:49

and brains. But. You

4:51

have rest just an. Object

4:54

The. Bird. Flu. Their.

4:57

Carefully know just how. It

5:00

leprosy. A

5:05

Oh and know what you should

5:07

be eating right now fiverr event

5:09

dementia later. Well,

5:12

since years, we've got all

5:14

these wonderful diseases tonight I

5:17

think. Maybe you sit. Be.

5:19

Eating whatever that is, so I can't wait for

5:21

you to tell us. Okay,

5:25

But before we jump into the show a little,

5:27

love all of you. To. Be

5:29

reminded that subscribing to Twist is

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Ask. Somebody who is wearing a shirt

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really really. Be there. Are there for.

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Me or their. Time. And refined and

6:44

have refined. This is. Science I know you

6:46

supposed to critique people really does look

6:48

a a good it's let's move on

6:50

to the science and the questions. Yeah.

6:53

Yeah. Okay. Glue balls.

6:58

Well. Sooner. Glue but

7:00

a groove all. Swear they important what

7:02

is the big deal? This is like

7:04

the big things as last. Week

7:06

in here. He in yeah

7:08

that he would he ever

7:10

actually seen. The. New

7:13

Bar is a lumpy,

7:15

clumpy bunch of blue

7:17

arms. Yeah. Absolutely

7:19

that's exactly what of them have

7:21

that. I

7:26

have an era of how did you

7:28

know just a to show a mirror

7:30

And I'm Yvette. Or

7:34

it so. This is

7:36

an unusual and

7:39

previously unconfirmed standard

7:41

model predicts in.

7:44

Word. Suggested there's a state where

7:46

gluons which will about. Exist.

7:51

Smudged together and so

7:54

researchers has been trying

7:56

to smash things together

7:59

for. Very long time to

8:01

break. Adams. Apart. To.

8:03

Smaller pieces to see whether the smaller

8:05

pieces do when they're broken apart. I

8:08

mean, normally like when a car

8:10

crashes into another car. They're

8:13

just smaller pieces that the pieces of

8:15

the car don't meld together. Ah, But.

8:18

That's not how matter

8:20

work, since so protons,

8:22

neutrons, electrons, they're held

8:24

together by these blue

8:26

lines. And so there's.

8:29

This idea that that lots of

8:31

ideas about how. Is.

8:33

Binding takes place, but first you

8:36

have to figure out whether or

8:38

not the gluons are behind Act

8:40

Together And so there's this new

8:42

paper that says a cool review

8:44

letters this last week and and

8:47

so this may be the light

8:49

blue ball as they discovered. As

8:52

predicted by the standard model,

8:57

And this is an exotic

8:59

particles and not exotic like

9:01

coming. Like as

9:03

are known. Pythons.

9:05

That shouldn't be in Florida.

9:07

Kind of the exotic, but

9:09

ah, exotic in that it's

9:11

rarely seen. It. Predicted.

9:15

That they didn't know that are

9:17

not legally be able to find

9:19

it and this gives more information

9:21

about how are universe is held

9:23

together. So. That's really. The

9:26

big deal here is that once

9:28

you start figuring out. How.

9:30

The gluons are sticking together. And

9:33

how this particular piece of

9:35

the standard. Model. This

9:37

new discovery the energy

9:39

that was released. In their

9:41

discovery. Can. We say discovery

9:43

because it's it's. always been there, but this is the first

9:45

time. That. Researchers.

9:47

Have been able to put together all

9:50

the energy signals in the right order

9:52

to be able to. Say

9:55

that they're seeing. This. Particular

9:57

thing and. Any.

10:01

A lot of quirks and

10:03

there's glue on his and

10:05

hers. Combinations of all these

10:07

things. and in. River runs

10:09

his forget who despise the

10:11

whole. Thing's been

10:14

further apart and having listened

10:16

attraction to the more you

10:18

pool loons apart they're stronger

10:20

every attack their can like

10:22

a rubber band as you

10:24

boom you might say it.

10:27

Is creating more attention to go back? Yes,

10:31

Sell it in an email. He had

10:33

some sort of venom in the marriage

10:36

and. Analogy. Second my

10:38

hands on about fight selling right

10:40

handed a gravity. Magnetism. All

10:42

these things get weaker. As

10:45

you pull things a great authentic. These.

10:48

Things. They get

10:51

stronger. Cell line of attack

10:53

is a failing lot of

10:55

time. To jealous as

10:57

so. Anyway, they were

11:00

able to. Do

11:02

some work at. In

11:05

Beijing, their Electron Positron collider.

11:07

that's best three, the Beijing

11:10

Spectrometer or three he's I've

11:12

been working since two thousand

11:15

and eight sleep that a

11:17

whole bunch of that particle.

11:21

Impact Advance and to have been

11:23

able to. See

11:25

the. Energy residences things

11:28

that it sees of particles

11:30

that comes from it. And

11:32

now they has said that

11:34

they have discovered these blue

11:36

balls. Government.

11:40

This. Is.

11:43

The third that with the weakest

11:45

energy other the smallest one that

11:47

they've ever seen so far. With

11:49

the only one readers. We're

11:52

and so. Those are the biggest.

11:54

The Big: as innocent as lights so that

11:57

I think it's the latest. it's predicted by

11:59

the sea. Hundred now. So the

12:01

question they plan at the scene. The.

12:03

The heavier ones are the more

12:06

energetic once anyway, The.

12:08

Researchers think they have great

12:10

results. Of. According

12:12

to other physicists and at.

12:15

That this. Is important.

12:18

For. Really testing parts of

12:20

the standard model which to

12:22

date. We. Really

12:24

haven't disproved in any.

12:27

Major way Celts. I'm. There.

12:30

Are lots more questions. To answer.

12:32

And so. Now I'm more

12:34

work. On Blue Balls

12:36

needs to happen and I do

12:39

hope that in as a coming

12:41

months of the able to get

12:43

eaten Siegel on the show a

12:46

who is Amazing podcast or science

12:48

writer. We've had him on

12:50

the show previously to talk about black

12:52

holes in all sorts of astrophysics stuff

12:54

and ah of we. Hopefully he'll come

12:56

back. Can be able to tell us

12:59

much more about this particular. Discovery.

13:02

I'm in particle physics. I think that

13:04

he would really be able to do

13:06

that because it's written an article for

13:08

the Big Think exactly on this subject.

13:11

That that I says, he'll have more

13:13

information than I do. So

13:16

many questions. Yes, blue.

13:19

Balls Blue balls, glue on.

13:21

It's good for us understanding

13:23

things. Talk to anyone about.

13:25

Ah taxes powers may have a

13:28

bird flu problem. No.

13:31

I'm actually potentially more dangerous.

13:33

Reluctance by cattle ranchers.

13:35

Problem. Know reluctance

13:38

to cooperate with

13:40

confronting him throwing.

13:43

Admitting that there's an outbreak. So this.

13:45

Is kind of started a while back with

13:47

reports of sick cows. Some.

13:50

Increased. Illnesses.

13:52

In workers. And.

13:54

And an alarming number of

13:57

dead birds and barn cats.

14:00

The cats also that's a big one as

14:02

well. I'm yeah we haven't talked about this

14:04

yet on the show and. Yeah,

14:07

I'm sorry, but we haven't discussed it yet.

14:09

but I'm glad you're bringing this whole thing

14:11

up. So keep going over.

14:13

I didn't ever wrote a loser.

14:16

it's been married. In

14:18

Texas who has oh forty

14:20

thousand and cattle under her

14:22

that are monitoring care. Me:

14:26

this is he goes. And

14:28

here's all these reports: They're

14:30

sick workers, dead cats, dead

14:32

birds she goes and tests

14:35

rather typical illnesses that they

14:37

have on their testing. Whitney

14:39

and. The. Results

14:42

came back. Negative. Never.

14:46

Not upright. Okay. Nothing you. Can.

14:49

Just click cheated the test singer who did the

14:51

testing. What happened. Veterinarian,

14:55

She died all the tests and see.

14:57

Them as they all come back

14:59

mayor. And so she

15:02

goes. Oh okay, so

15:04

it's something that's not in that someone

15:06

you're testing. It. Doesn't tell

15:08

you everything that's possible. Under

15:12

that a in the world they didn't

15:14

come back with Every type of diagnosis

15:16

testing is usually going to be for.

15:19

For. Standard diseases do expectancy because

15:21

every test. Is very specific.

15:23

Looking for a specific. Thing.

15:26

I. says. He takes

15:28

earth a sample set and

15:30

he sends it to their

15:32

Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Iowa

15:34

State University. The. Samples

15:36

are tested, their. Air

15:39

with a a more rigorous, a

15:41

broader. Spectrum. Of of

15:43

things that it's wikia. Looking.

15:45

For and they come back positive.

15:48

Or. A bird flu virus

15:50

never before seen in cattle. It.

15:54

Was the fact that roof. But

15:56

this isn't This is a bird

15:58

flu virus that epidemiologists as. In

16:00

and people who are

16:03

concerned about. Add

16:05

new flu. Viruses.

16:08

They've been watching. They've been watching it for a

16:10

while. But

16:12

it was the first proof that bird

16:14

flu this the hype A H Five

16:16

N One. Could. Infect

16:19

Couch. Hadn't. Seen it before. And

16:24

in a in A when. When. You

16:27

look at how this plays out. Veterinarian,

16:29

My dream: Forty thousand saddle.

16:31

All of the tests come

16:34

back Negative. Under the

16:36

the normal spectrum of what

16:38

a veterinarian contest for. So.

16:42

the a happy don't see it. Yet.

16:45

Way what happened just any flu

16:47

flu and see should be. Bird.

16:49

Flu generally. Should

16:53

be part. Of the testing, right? I

16:55

haven't. No no no because his little

16:57

cattle we've ever gotten a before so it's

16:59

when you have where we have that usually

17:01

when you have these disease get he said

17:04

testing kit. They're looking

17:06

for a very specific perhaps antigen

17:08

or something in there and so

17:10

their their pre made. They're not

17:12

just going there. They're. Not

17:14

a I base that are going to look for every type

17:17

of. Thing and matched

17:19

up to databases. It's pretty simple.

17:22

So when you have a more like

17:24

if you go to a public health.

17:28

Lab. There's something at where people are getting

17:30

samples from all over and sending him and

17:32

doctors the same human to see what it

17:34

is. There this single

17:37

sample will go through a

17:39

you know a a six

17:41

hundred. Potential. Test

17:43

to see if it matches up to

17:45

different things. Here. In

17:47

the field testing much more limited

17:49

is looking for the typical things

17:51

that you know maybe hook and

17:54

mouth disease or whatever the you

17:56

know cattle earth Shadow normally him

17:58

down with wherever they can. Well

18:00

that's what is looking for. So.

18:04

Sniff kind of how this unfolds. It's

18:06

not that Mrs. Early, this hasn't been

18:08

going on before. It's that

18:11

the field tests and I have not

18:13

been down and if bird flu because

18:15

we didn't know they added. That

18:18

we know this. That swine

18:20

pigs. Are heading. Again,

18:22

third slayer that's a very know com. They

18:24

know that it is something that has. A

18:27

Herrings it's yeah there's a there's

18:29

huge reservoir for the are further

18:31

bird flu throughout. Mostly

18:34

Southeast Asia and and

18:36

America as is also

18:38

to. Send us. I

18:41

was the university kind of sounds the

18:43

alarm. hey, and now they've Now that

18:45

is. The testing is more dow then.

18:48

There's thirty six herds in the U

18:50

S known be infected. This is, actually,

18:52

it may be more than this now.

18:54

Is. Is this series of bye

18:56

week or so. At.

18:59

The time. Almost.

19:02

Every farm that had sick animals

19:04

that was being investigated. They're.

19:08

Also sick people. This

19:11

always sick people somewhere for this was

19:13

like. You know

19:15

that that? They're reliable, sturdy farmhand

19:17

who's never called him a day

19:20

sick in his life. Ah,

19:22

didn't show up. There

19:24

was a lot of like sort of saints

19:26

illness with this as so far only two

19:29

people in the Us were confirmed to be

19:31

infected with this H Five N One. At

19:33

well this was Am Rica but one of

19:35

on was a Texas dairy worker. And

19:38

it was linked to the catwalk outbreak

19:40

according to the Cdc. The

19:43

Doctor Gregory Grain Infectious Disease at

19:45

the Me our is the University

19:48

Plus medical branch in Galveston. He's

19:50

been taking samples from livestock and

19:52

people are in Texas farms. With.

19:55

Confirmed cows factions. Bit.

19:59

Weird. The route he says is

20:01

the seen a mission to be

20:03

to linked in time and space

20:05

so when sensei is biologically possible

20:08

that the infection is going from

20:10

cow the person. But.

20:12

The problem is. This

20:15

is a the disease. The degree diseases

20:17

like that it's a scarlet letter. This

20:19

is actually air sec. Hey Russo Colorado

20:21

Veterinarian. it has the stigma associated with

20:23

right now. Basically what it means is

20:26

you can't sell your cows out of

20:28

state. He. They

20:31

have to be. if you so has as they they have

20:33

to be tested. Ah,

20:35

for all other test, it's completely up

20:38

to the cattle ranches whether or not

20:40

they want to test the cattle. And

20:44

so. They're. Not.

20:47

Been. Testing. Is.

20:49

It could get. In a

20:51

way out. A test. Then you

20:54

know ever there, there's a

20:56

problem here. Have

20:59

our leader and haven't had as a new

21:02

wow health officials under their land. And

21:05

current every so we do not know

21:07

what we do not measure. Unfortunately

21:10

though, horses left the barn and

21:12

took a lot faster than well

21:14

with mobilise. This. Is

21:16

it? says. Country country doctor

21:18

talk. So

21:22

all opposite conduct tests must

21:25

report positive results to the

21:27

Agriculture Department. So many farmers

21:29

have simply decided against testing.

21:32

Hoping. To ah outlast

21:34

at last the outbreak.

21:37

And is also some reluctance.

21:39

It says reluctance of workers

21:41

and farmers. The. I

21:44

think the workers. It's sort of like. It's.

21:47

Like working. In.

21:49

An industry where if you speak out

21:51

you mean our hegemony. I feel like

21:53

it might be. Al

21:55

where that's coming from. So.

21:59

Now. We know from recent history.

22:02

How infections in

22:04

fact, Like

22:07

very. Early pandemic or. Dangerous

22:11

infections Can Irises can

22:13

impact society. The.

22:16

Economy, businesses, all sorts

22:18

effects self and. This.

22:20

Is. An

22:22

people have been talking about this and

22:25

it's It's interesting to see what's happening

22:27

for milk. So far they

22:29

ah result came out. I think it

22:31

was last week that one in five.

22:36

Gallons of milk was infected

22:38

with this avian flu virus.

22:40

However, because of pasteurization year

22:42

in the United States, it's

22:44

not an issue because the

22:46

pasteurization processed as destroy the

22:49

virus and that's and that's

22:51

fine and. Maybe mount a time

22:53

to get that unpasteurized milk? If

22:57

you're into that same am. Still

22:59

get that. He can I

23:02

meet the I? In other countries

23:04

have on. As for as long

23:06

as they're unpasteurized milk. but. The

23:09

U S not so much and. But

23:12

this the issue year though is.

23:15

Can. We get people to

23:17

communicate in away with the

23:19

reinsurers, with the people who

23:21

are working to underscore the

23:23

importance of testing and controlling

23:26

the spread of. This.

23:28

Virus since it is affecting people

23:31

that we have not yet seen

23:33

person to person spread. Leave.

23:36

That county human. Potentially.

23:38

And put it seems like or could have been caught a

23:40

cat to human. Has anyone done

23:42

that? Because there are six cats as

23:44

well at the ranch Is. So how

23:46

is the virus jumping? What mutations are

23:48

taking place? That. Allow

23:51

it to jump and. And.

23:55

The hell. They. Don't know.

23:57

remember. When. You,

23:59

we all were. For coveted flu

24:01

perez dropped wash your hands

24:03

were mask. If

24:06

you're. Concerned severity of mine is

24:08

that is is also a Cows

24:10

are so very socially and I'm

24:13

very social yes. And. If

24:16

he ever look out into a cow

24:19

pasture and eventually cows didn't hang out

24:21

with together pretty close. An

24:23

area know the and as an up

24:25

and say hello so it seems like

24:28

they're a pretty good candidate for to

24:30

spread quickly. cats. As.

24:33

I realized they were catches, especially farm

24:36

catches in our friends with anybody not

24:38

even at a cast. But

24:41

they will get they will encounter

24:43

birds. Yeah, quite

24:45

a bit. Yeah said another

24:48

question. Is it going to go back

24:50

and forth and. Have.

24:53

Been funny if any tasting

24:55

eleven bird cat chow. Lab.

24:59

At. The however it lacks any

25:01

and as. I imagine

25:03

there's an air desiccation. From.

25:06

The birds, the bird. the

25:08

grass gets eaten by someone.

25:10

or perhaps you know. I

25:13

don't know who's looking at the mall

25:15

novels and the rats and mice that

25:17

are on these plans as well. Is.

25:21

That there's a lot that needs to

25:23

be taken into account silent, genetically and.

25:27

That has not yet been reported as far

25:29

as I am aware. For

25:33

hours I would hate to see. Been.

25:36

A major outbreak on account

25:39

of the. Nobody

25:41

was allowed to check the cows. Like

25:45

it's ridiculous. It's ridiculous. especially post

25:47

over to be like. Well.

25:50

We don't want to mess with their

25:52

indices like the Make Farmers. Remain

25:54

farmer number in year of were. Finance

25:57

I lost. They lost their makes.

26:00

And then a last out of their

26:02

makes an insect Wow their marriage is

26:04

in a little more promised him. Earlier.

26:09

Maybe. And. Low enough

26:11

and that's where I think

26:13

this is where the Air

26:16

as science, communication, public health

26:18

communication were understanding the community.

26:21

Of Ranchers and the people who depend

26:23

on the ranching industry. And

26:25

figuring out how to how to

26:27

speak with them. In. A

26:30

way that makes sense seeger out. a

26:32

way that works with how they work.

26:35

To make get upset to like it

26:38

doesn't It's not all or none right

26:40

there. That can be people working together

26:42

to help solve a problem. That

26:46

I'm I'm losing. This even though

26:48

is that the and very often anymore

26:50

or. The new movies when when

26:53

you're talking about ah, any

26:55

kind of livestock industry. Public

26:58

health is. Here.

27:02

The farm income is here. I'm

27:05

sorry. It's just how it always

27:07

going to be is this shouldn't

27:09

be this. I. Will.

27:12

Give you acknowledge and food in a

27:14

factory. The. After you can come

27:16

in at any point in look at inspect

27:18

which you done as I possibly the same

27:21

way root for livestock and I don't understand

27:23

why it's not. Oh it is,

27:25

that is it. And every. Year in the process

27:27

of making the food even if it's cows

27:29

in the field. Yeah. I.

27:31

Mean our at Dairy Cows minnows

27:34

you like whenever hours and why

27:36

there's to be there the Us

27:38

government him can't say like hey

27:41

we're in as soon as I'm.

27:44

Veterinarian, And spectres into they

27:46

do. Think I'd sell, sell

27:48

at funding and at the

27:51

ability to actually enforce the

27:53

regulations. I mean, it's there.

27:55

There's a lot that is.

27:57

In place that any. The.

28:00

Our regulations and there is. A

28:02

lot of stuff happening. that's. It

28:06

is difficult, but yes we

28:08

should all be concerned about.

28:12

The cows. The. Farmers, the

28:14

ranchers, the people, the birds,

28:17

the cats. and I mean

28:19

fingers crossed is that this

28:21

one doesn't mutate and turn

28:23

into a. A

28:26

virus that. Get.

28:29

Spread among people that would not

28:32

be great. Swimmer

28:37

for word is. A

28:40

wave recover from. The flew

28:43

into and. Get

28:45

them baby birds! Were

28:49

happen. Well normally

28:52

it's when I heard

28:54

ah, scenes or. Parrot.

28:58

Parrot type species of birds

29:00

I've. Read

29:03

meet. The at the

29:05

stepdad or the mail. I mean,

29:07

sometimes even a step mom. Oh,

29:10

come into the situation, there is

29:12

a lot of infanticide in. The

29:15

parrot. Species of

29:17

birds. Lots their social species

29:19

and you know it sank

29:22

or right? Well. You're

29:24

coming in. And their these

29:26

babies that they're not yours. You.

29:29

Don't want to take care of him and you're

29:31

like I'm and I have my own babies. So.

29:34

Better for you, evolutionarily

29:37

speaking. To

29:39

kill the the step children and

29:41

then have your own babies. And

29:44

this has been like the ongoing

29:46

hypothesis and like what people are

29:48

basically seen for years and union

29:51

years and years I have personally

29:53

seen buddy regards with you. There.

30:00

In Budgies the and but as a

30:02

common word for them and blinking and

30:04

in common with the budget vigorous a

30:06

way. As. Parakeets,

30:09

And weight with blood. Dripping.

30:12

Down there southern be good, say

30:14

speakers. It was mating season and.

30:18

Oh gosh, Yes. So

30:20

it's it's. He. Does gruesome. It's

30:23

hers. Nature's the thing and

30:25

so researchers have been like okay these

30:27

parents is it looks like a. Little

30:30

lions. Male lions come in

30:32

and kill the cubs or you know it's

30:34

get rid of the other. They lose two

30:36

pounds it so many species We see it

30:39

over and over and over again. But this

30:41

new study in the Proceedings of the National

30:43

Academy of Sciences. He's

30:45

researchers out of U C.

30:47

Berkeley has been looking at

30:50

green romped. Parrot.

30:52

Lets. Them from South

30:54

America. Their. Small so that's

30:56

where their parent let's instead of

30:58

just parents. I guess the the

31:00

have Thirty years. Of

31:02

observations on these birds

31:05

and. They.

31:07

Looked at. What?

31:09

Happens The families. When.

31:12

A father died disappeared and a

31:14

step dad came in. What happened?

31:18

Did. Infanticide happen all

31:20

the time. Was. It

31:23

always on. And so the

31:25

study, like since Nineteen Eighty

31:27

Eight is researchers at it

31:29

in Venezuela. on a cattle

31:32

ranch in glory goal Venezuela

31:34

and. They've been watching the

31:36

birds and checking out what they're doing

31:38

and so they made some artificial nesting

31:40

sites at of Pvc pipes and put

31:43

them through the ranch and they banded

31:45

a bunch of them so they can

31:47

see who was doing what where and.

31:50

And. They

31:53

found. In. Some cases

31:56

dead babies, In.

31:58

Some of these. Some

32:00

of these at. And

32:03

some of these. Artificial. Nesting

32:05

sites but they didn't know exactly what

32:07

was going on and these artificial nesting

32:10

sites are very similar to like these

32:12

other kind of tree trunks and other

32:14

things. Less. The.

32:16

Babies might be raised

32:19

by their their parents

32:21

and. So one of

32:23

the graduate students of this researcher was

32:25

like, okay, why did they die. Who.

32:28

Has it's. Stepped

32:30

out or is it something

32:32

else and so on. And

32:36

we were very good. Oh yeah, they just

32:38

in time for mother Day, it's gone. Yeah

32:40

hey dad's now I'm so

32:43

anyway the the researchers were

32:45

like okay yeah we found

32:48

as as step dad or

32:50

a male who didn't belong

32:52

there exiting the nest. With.

32:56

P. Quote. From

32:58

the researchers and. This.

33:02

Research. Or by singer. So.

33:04

The been looking at it if

33:06

twenty seven hundred nests. Thirty years

33:08

checked. It all out and. Let

33:12

the sand is dead. Definitely

33:15

think. It's

33:17

not always death to the babies.

33:20

That sometimes. Stepdad.

33:24

Come in. And they take care

33:26

of the young. Those.

33:29

Step dad's are usually a little

33:32

bit younger. Than. The

33:34

average. Parrot with dad. And

33:37

then. They. Seemed

33:40

actually has no

33:42

longer. Term. More

33:45

reproductive relationships. So

33:48

they end up having at least as

33:50

many. Offspring if not

33:52

more than the offering. Than

33:55

the males who would. Kill

33:59

to bid. So. Which.

34:02

They are they older older

34:04

male houses as in have

34:06

less. Time. Possibly.

34:10

Yeah so the question is

34:13

like what's going on with

34:15

regards to resource competition and

34:17

this is a species of

34:19

bird where there are not

34:21

as many females as are

34:23

males have lots of lots

34:25

of males is lot of

34:27

competition over nesting sites so

34:29

leg there's a lot of

34:32

studying among the males that

34:34

babies are getting wounded that

34:36

this is this is is

34:38

not as nice friendly. Tiny

34:40

green rounds paint let society know

34:43

is is. Competition.

34:46

And. They found

34:48

that the attacks on the children occurred more

34:50

often when the parrot lit population was high

34:52

and there was higher competition. In.

34:55

The research six coauthor Carol Berg

34:57

at the School of Inner Game

34:59

Biological and Chemical Sciences at the

35:01

University of Texas Rio Grande Valley

35:04

Brownsville Am. Quote

35:06

is great. At low population levels it's i

35:08

love and peace mate. But when you get

35:10

to to when you get a high population

35:12

densities it's a bloodbath. So.

35:18

You if. The males they want to

35:20

breed. They're driven to breed. And.

35:23

Sometimes. It

35:25

works to killed bet is that

35:27

aren't yours but ah the sickness

35:30

strategy is not. Always.

35:32

The best strategies And so

35:34

this. Suggests. That

35:37

as males who adopt unrelated

35:39

ah spring. Nest

35:42

with widowed females. They start

35:44

breeding earlier. And the

35:46

head researcher by singer sets

35:48

stepfathers scored Love a New

35:51

Meat and Real Estate and

35:53

Nests. And

35:56

us ah the C Berkeley

35:58

As press. He

36:00

didn't. Who wrote this bad? Press.

36:02

Releases fantastic but specific

36:04

sophisticated I think it

36:06

said. I.

36:09

Really do appreciate this

36:11

study because it does

36:13

give new i'm. Here.

36:16

New ideas for why these

36:18

kinds is strategies exist and

36:21

that they don't always exist

36:23

within a species, and that

36:25

there are evolutionary. trade

36:28

off. For. Tactics

36:30

like infanticide in the

36:32

success of the. Incident

36:35

reproductions be down. There

36:40

should be a yeah I've yeah

36:43

it should be at can't figure

36:45

one. but the success. As. You

36:48

would think sell. Beer

36:50

Anyway, Nasty

36:54

little green rubbed. Pair it.

36:56

let's. Tell

36:58

me something else, Jansen. Oh

37:01

evident some archaeological sites in

37:03

the Middle Road or English

37:06

City of Winchester. Meant.

37:08

To be. As

37:10

be confused with the medieval. Spanish

37:14

city of Winchester, the. Medieval.

37:18

Won't. Sell my billie say it's

37:20

a of winchester english city of

37:22

would just. Shows

37:24

that strains that caused leprosy

37:26

and people during i think

37:28

this century's or moto some

37:30

through the along outbreak of

37:32

leprosy. Came. From.

37:36

Not evil spirits. Not

37:38

unclean thoughts. Not human. Rights.

37:42

Fleas are which is curses.

37:44

clever. Red squirrels. And

37:46

apple. From Zoc remains. One

37:50

sack the only that telling them as red

37:52

squirrel. What? Genetic.

37:55

Analysis was able to identify red

37:57

squirrels the first ancient and more

37:59

host of leprosy. according to researchers,

38:02

The Mercy of Basil in Switzerland

38:04

leprosy is one of the. Oldest.

38:07

Recorded diseases, noom history and

38:09

is still prevalent to this

38:12

day and parts of Asia,

38:14

Africa, South America, and of

38:16

course Florida. People.

38:19

Places. Where. Fidget what might be as

38:22

the chorus Florida. Keys.

38:25

Of of the Florida eyes as

38:27

like has a yearly serves Murphy

38:29

and for it. Look for that

38:31

blessedly Florida. Just google it and

38:33

you'll see every year they have

38:36

a surge of leprosy. Their. I

38:39

did not know that. Also anymore

38:41

but interstate. Yeah, that

38:43

so the common denominator. Maybe

38:45

places where people eat squirrel?

38:50

As. A kit

38:53

type. So. A place.

38:56

Like a if you don't know. Small

38:59

game is still. There is still

39:02

a thing in any us at.

39:04

Parts. Of the Us. Up

39:06

were of in Tennessee a noun

39:09

in the South and especially popular

39:11

in. Florida. So

39:15

so apparently big in Vietnam. Going.

39:17

To just google researching

39:19

without betting sources. Am.

39:24

January. Until now

39:26

I've ever been pretty unclear how. Leprosy.

39:30

May have. Spread. To

39:33

people from animals in the past. This

39:36

study. Cannavaro looked at twenty

39:38

five human and twelve scroll

39:40

samples. At

39:43

to archaeological sites and Winchester.

39:45

So Winchester. Was

39:47

immediately Billie Days well

39:49

known for it's. Leprosarium.

39:54

To: They're basically air. Place

39:57

where they didn't practice on his head.

39:59

leprosy. It gets our people. are

40:01

we the place where people were

40:03

leprosy to hang out or away

40:05

from everybody else? Winters

40:08

are also had. Another.

40:13

Thing it was known for which was

40:15

the for trade. In the

40:17

Middle Ages. Squirrel. For

40:19

was fashionable. A

40:21

reasonable choice to trim inline

40:24

garments. Many people. May.

40:26

Have even been kept. Squirrels.

40:28

As pets. I

40:32

would not so and I can see they

40:34

did a fluffy tales as being something that

40:36

people who like that kind of thing sir.

40:39

He attacked and to. Help

40:41

you will have pets because they were

40:43

trapping the they would happen in the

40:46

wild and they would trap a when

40:48

you're very young one and so it's

40:50

You know this one's not big enough

40:52

the day eat or turn into a

40:54

trim for a hat. And

40:56

so you might the try to raise

40:58

it in a cage. I'm in l

41:00

with lil it's like hey this one's

41:02

a who knows it's name in as

41:04

always happy to see me in in

41:06

it. Then you. Can put it outside.

41:08

adding to I might attract other squirrels.

41:11

And it gives them. It gives

41:13

everybody leprosy. So oranges and easy

41:16

to sequence in reconstructed for genomes

41:18

representing medieval strains of a leprosy,

41:21

including one from red squirrel. And.

41:23

They also looked at some ancient

41:25

d middle age stare. People

41:28

strains that they had. And

41:31

yeah, a spam at the Medieval

41:33

Scroll strain is more closely related

41:36

to human strains. From. Medieval

41:38

Winchester to than than to modern

41:40

squirrel stream from England. Indicating

41:43

that the infection was circulating between

41:45

people and animals in the middle

41:47

ages and away that of course

41:49

had not been detected. Before.

41:53

It was always thought to be

41:55

evil spirits and clean thoughts. and

41:58

which is I

42:01

think we've been away from the unclean thoughts and

42:04

witches for a while but it's

42:06

interesting. Actually when

42:08

you say we, if

42:12

you're talking about the Hmong people

42:14

in Vietnam, this is still

42:17

a cause of leprosy. So

42:23

we need to all

42:26

get illuminated

42:30

by the light of science all

42:33

at once for us to say we. Don't

42:36

keep pet squirrels. Avoid

42:40

the bacterium, the

42:42

red squirrel harbors,

42:45

right? But

42:48

it's not the same anymore as it used to be but

42:50

it's still an out, there's still an outbreak. It's

42:52

just a different strain because it's now been circulating

42:54

and evolving for all this time. But

42:56

the point is that. It's much better at its job.

42:59

When, you know, where does leprosy come from?

43:02

How does people, why do people in Florida

43:04

keep having these leprosy outbreaks? Now unclean

43:07

thoughts, sure. Witches,

43:10

of course. Little

43:13

spirits, plenty in Florida.

43:16

Mmm, also squirrel meat.

43:20

Okay, yeah, small game

43:22

hunters. So as

43:24

we look at things like COVID-19, Breakout

43:27

breaks this bird flu that's now cow's

43:29

cat's bird. Who knows, like you

43:32

were pointing out, who knows what else. Yeah,

43:34

I mean there's this crude, so,

43:36

the, quote unquote, mad cow, they're

43:39

deer, hunters are

43:41

being exposed to the prion. Yeah,

43:47

the deer also had the

43:49

contagious protein folding disease. A

43:51

high reservoir of COVID as

43:53

well, and deer. And so

43:55

when we look at this thing and say, oh, it's a bird flu,

43:58

it's only in birds, or it's a, this is a bird flu. disease

44:00

or that disease or whatever it is, you got to

44:02

realize like even if it

44:04

hasn't hit humans on a large

44:06

scale, it may be running

44:09

through the animals and requires a

44:11

form of really close contact repeatedly

44:13

maybe for it to jump into

44:15

a human host. And

44:19

we've been doing it for a very long

44:21

time and so like I said these bacteria,

44:23

they're like, hey, I like you, I know what

44:25

to do. Yeah,

44:29

food, it's fantastic. But

44:33

yeah, at the same time, like

44:35

you were getting at, I

44:37

said we, right? Who's we? That's

44:40

my, you and me. Right, us,

44:43

right. That's my educated

44:45

white lady perspective, you know,

44:49

from a Western perspective. And

44:52

so I'm putting my own biases on

44:54

it that were unconscious when I said

44:56

we and that's good. Absolutely be, which

45:00

is evil spirits and unclean thoughts. But

45:03

in different areas, people are thinking different

45:08

things. So I think we're in

45:10

a science show. I say we, but if I, yeah, anyway,

45:15

this gets into my next story. This gets into

45:17

my next story. It's the same way. Oh, I

45:19

didn't know we were transitioning. I'm sorry. We're transitioning

45:21

because. I'm just pushing back.

45:23

Like, what are you talking about? No, there's

45:25

the right answer. Well, they can't be a

45:27

wrong answer. Science is proven there's a right

45:29

answer. Come on now. Some

45:33

researchers from North Carolina

45:35

State University's pool college

45:38

of management did

45:40

some work in Kenya in an

45:43

area. And this is a quote from Aaron

45:45

Powell, the corresponding author of the study, who

45:48

actually is an associate professor of

45:50

entrepreneurship at this college of management.

45:53

She said this area is where

45:56

society is collectivist. Everyone is accustomed

45:58

to sharing what they have. and

46:00

supporting each other to the best of

46:02

their ability, but it's also impoverished. And

46:05

so they designed an entrepreneurship program

46:08

to help people in

46:10

the community start businesses

46:13

that would help them financially.

46:17

They wanted to understand the

46:19

religious backgrounds, faith backgrounds, how

46:21

that informed entrepreneurship. So

46:26

they got people in rural,

46:29

impoverished Kenya to start small businesses and they

46:31

helped them do that and they gave them

46:33

a model to follow to start doing that.

46:36

But it wasn't great.

46:39

No, look, you

46:42

have a collective society where people are

46:44

sharing and helping each other in every

46:46

way they can. You're like, no, no,

46:48

here's a way to be selfish and

46:51

hey, capitalized for the rest of your

46:53

society. Here's a way to do things

46:56

completely against the grain. It's like being

46:58

collectivist in a capitalist society that also

47:00

probably doesn't work too great. Yeah,

47:03

so it wasn't great for the

47:05

entrepreneurs or other community members. They

47:08

did end up interviews with 25

47:10

participants in the program and

47:13

this was over four and a half years. They also

47:16

visited the villages and observed this

47:18

stuff and the interactions between the

47:20

entrepreneurs, the people in the villages

47:22

and everything. And the

47:26

community wasn't happy. They're like,

47:28

wait a minute, what? We share stuff and now

47:30

all of a sudden you're asking me to pay

47:32

for things for like what?

47:34

And so there was what they

47:36

say, social friction and

47:39

entrepreneurs were threatened with being

47:42

cursed. Yeah, there

47:44

you go. Yeah. But they

47:46

found that there were some individuals

47:48

who continued. They were able to

47:51

rationalize their entrepreneurship because in those

47:53

cases, their religious backgrounds actually played

47:56

a role. And so some of

47:58

them were traditionally religious, we're

48:00

afraid of the curses, we're like, I'm

48:03

out. Others were

48:05

able to kind of make

48:09

it a break between what was business and

48:11

what was their personal life and they were

48:14

able to continue with that because they were like, oh

48:17

no, no, no, this is not me personally,

48:19

it's my business. So the curse is not going to affect

48:21

my business. So like, this is going to be fine, it's

48:23

going to be great. And then

48:25

there was another subset who identified as Christian and

48:28

because they were Christian, they felt

48:30

protected from the curses

48:32

because it was not a traditional

48:34

belief anymore and so the compartmentalization

48:36

was totally different. I

48:40

think this is just a fascinating paper,

48:43

the title to profit or not to

48:45

profit founder. You're charging me for the

48:48

bread. My cousin brought

48:50

you the flower. I

48:53

personally brought all

48:55

of the firewood that you used. I

48:57

dropped that off as I was going around, dropped

48:59

off firewood to everybody else and

49:02

somebody else even collected water

49:04

and brought it over for you to do your

49:06

big and then you put it together. I get

49:08

it. You put time and energy doing that. But

49:11

you didn't collect any wood, you didn't collect the

49:13

flower and you didn't collect the water and now

49:15

you're charging people. This is the problem with being

49:18

the entrepreneur, which

49:24

I thought word in the

49:27

way that it's used in the US

49:29

nowadays is like, hey, are you delusional?

49:32

Do you want to think rich

49:35

while losing money?

49:39

Here's how. You

49:41

too can do my thing. Yeah.

49:44

Yes. Or people who

49:46

are already wealthy from inherited wealth,

49:49

calling themselves entrepreneurs. No,

49:51

you're not an entrepreneur. You just

49:53

had enough money to bring you

49:55

before. They're thought

49:57

leaders. Whatever.

50:00

Anyway, the important take-home for this is, oh my God, the way we

50:02

think about money and business

50:13

and all this stuff. If we're

50:15

just like, we're going to pick up what

50:17

we do and take it to another country

50:19

and just tell them, well, teach them how,

50:21

you know, teacher man had a fish, you

50:23

know, our way. Because

50:26

of course, you know, their way of fishing

50:28

isn't good, you know. So

50:32

the researchers say

50:34

that if you're overseeing programs

50:37

focused on introducing entrepreneurship to

50:39

alleviate poverty, maybe you should

50:41

actually take local cultures

50:44

and context into account.

50:49

Do I have to say this out loud? I

50:53

guess I do. Yeah. Yeah,

50:55

yeah, yeah. Yeah. Because,

50:57

but again, you know, anyway, I want

50:59

to... Yeah,

51:05

there's so much to talk about, but we got to get

51:07

through a few more stories before you have to leave very

51:09

soon. So we're going to... Cut a roll. We're

51:12

going to bucket through some things. I just want to say very

51:15

quickly, a study came out a couple of weeks ago, wanted

51:17

to talk about it, but we didn't have the show last

51:19

week. What they're calling is

51:21

a photo molecular effect discovered by MIT.

51:24

This is something...

51:27

People have had this question forever about evaporation

51:31

of water from the surface

51:33

of things. It's like very

51:35

often the math doesn't work out because

51:37

what you would think of the vaporization based

51:40

on the heat that would cause condensation,

51:42

vaporization, like water leaving a

51:44

body of water

51:47

and going into

51:49

the air, it's never quite worked out. There's

51:52

always more water in the air than

51:54

they had accounted for. And

51:57

so these researchers at MIT, G... just

52:01

figured this thing out, photomolecular

52:04

effect, which basically

52:06

means photons of light are

52:08

bumping into the photons, not

52:10

photons, the molecules of water

52:12

and breaking them apart. But

52:15

there is a, they're bumping

52:17

into each other and the

52:19

energy of smashing

52:22

photons into water molecules

52:25

leads to more vaporization. Anyway.

52:34

Nobody ever, people didn't, this is

52:36

like crazy. And

52:39

the effect is strongest when light hits water at

52:41

an angle of 45 degrees. Also

52:44

with transverse magnetic polarization

52:47

and green light apparently is the best. So

52:50

if you want to start working in desalination

52:52

or in anything that has to do with

52:54

cleaning water and a little of vaporization, but

52:56

these are the things that you need to

52:59

think, you don't understand why

53:01

green light is the thing that works the best. But

53:03

anyway. New

53:06

news. It's still the sun

53:08

that's doing a lot of. But not the

53:10

heat, it's not heat. It's

53:13

actual the light. The

53:15

light interacts with water and

53:18

goes, go in the

53:20

air now, water and it does. And that's what

53:22

happens. So, but there's also like heat

53:25

is also, does it though?

53:28

It does, no, that's a part of it. And

53:30

that's what we've calculated for ages. That's

53:33

the physics that has been calculated

53:35

for ages, but nobody took into

53:37

account the like actual molecular interactions

53:39

with the light, the

53:41

photons. And

53:44

there's also like the existing humidity in the air

53:47

to determine whether or not evaporation

53:49

occurs, even under, like so. There

53:53

are so many things to take

53:56

into consideration. I'm so glad everyone

53:58

is here. Robbie

54:00

things with us. This is the

54:02

second science. If you aren't loving

54:05

the show, make sure you share

54:07

it with a friend and he

54:09

can head over to twist.org to

54:11

access a link to our Zazzle

54:13

store. Also to Our Patriot on

54:15

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54:18

in an ongoing fashion. You can

54:20

decide to. To.

54:22

Support us as a patron from whatever amount

54:24

you're able to give. Ten dollars and more

54:27

per month and you will be thanked by

54:29

name at the end of the show. The

54:31

get a whole bunch of people doing that

54:34

and you know I know. I know people

54:36

have financial difficulties and I see some people

54:38

who have had to turn their. That

54:41

their donations often. Do you know?

54:43

Listening to the show. Tell.

54:46

People About Twists. I just hope you keep

54:48

enjoying it. But you know we really cannot

54:50

do any of this without you. So. For

54:54

all of it. All. It takes for

54:56

being here and thank you for your support. Hey,

54:59

just and you want to tell me a couple of

55:01

stories, or do you want me to time our brains.

55:04

Are them over there are just go

55:06

to a to the as a good

55:08

for you schedule for that if the

55:10

holiday. Your

55:12

and other things are stiff

55:14

for him. It's a holiday

55:16

here. I don't know which

55:18

one because way way more

55:20

holidays. There's. Like a lotta

55:22

lotta holidays and love holidays. And at

55:25

is that the liberation day that I

55:27

thought that was last week. but anyway,

55:30

Ah oh so this this story.

55:32

The. As the meander face And this

55:34

is not a Marxist, it's just this

55:37

link. If we

55:39

can certainly didn't. Like my face. Me:

55:43

And her face up will do so.

55:45

I'm gonna have a minute by minute

55:48

do This whole knows my face. This

55:50

is not demanded this. Year's

55:52

is not. As

55:54

little me, this. How.

55:56

Much Neanderthal do you have? Like almost

55:59

none. More than

56:01

or so, And I was actually disappointed

56:03

at how little. Oh

56:05

I'm sorry. Okay, nice

56:08

and or sees. We

56:13

will see this some unique

56:15

alert which is amazing at

56:17

sharing. These as releases and

56:19

bit of there was no. Losers

56:22

their be as it to their

56:24

reconstructed face of a seventy five.

56:27

Thousand. Year old female. From.

56:30

The. Hours

56:33

that are Shannon Dar

56:36

Care. This.

56:39

In Iraq is one of the.

56:42

The. Sort of more more

56:44

famous meander early manner so

56:47

sites that became very well

56:49

publicized. For.

56:52

Be burials. Oh

56:55

right. right? Burials.

56:59

The flowers in the day. I die

57:01

A happy ending. Oh they thought they

57:03

were good habits and they weren't like

57:05

but it's actually kind of even more

57:07

interesting because I think they've since determined

57:09

that a think the current version is

57:11

that it was burrowing these the had

57:13

dropped all the power main account. My

57:16

way that means is. What

57:18

that means? is it actually. While.

57:20

It took away like the flower thing

57:22

was people thought was really. Like.

57:25

This neat level of excitement about

57:27

oh they they live our and

57:29

offerings to their than. Actually

57:32

ends up reconfirming.

57:35

The. The notion that it was

57:37

the were intentional burials as opposed to

57:40

know falling into a ditch and having

57:42

dirt follow the cave ruffalo on you

57:44

or something silly like this because. The

57:49

bees. The. Wearing

57:51

these are attracted to

57:53

loosen soil. so

57:56

it at running like now is that

57:58

there are places where these Neanderthals

58:00

were buried was dug out

58:02

first and then

58:04

several hours have to pass for

58:07

burrowing bees to find it and

58:09

decide to drop pollen and burrow

58:11

into it and then, only

58:14

then were the Neanderthals placed

58:16

in it. So

58:18

it shows a very intentional burial that

58:21

wasn't also just on site but like

58:23

it was dug out in advance and

58:26

then the deer departed

58:28

were then laid to rest

58:31

in these. So

58:34

yeah, face of the Neanderthal

58:36

woman though, reconstruction and

58:40

you know she kind of looks very

58:43

modern human-y. You

58:47

know, doesn't seem to have, can

58:51

you bring that photo up again? Oh I

58:55

can't hear you though, I don't know what happened.

58:58

It's a flattened skull. So it

59:01

was in the sediment, it

59:03

was flattened and then they

59:05

reconstructed it to

59:07

create, you know, took all the pieces like a

59:09

puzzle and made it a 3D skull

59:13

and then recreated

59:15

the face.

59:20

It's interesting though because it, I mean

59:23

there's some brow rigidness there I guess, it

59:25

just doesn't seem quite as pronounced, maybe it's

59:27

just the angle of the... Or maybe

59:30

it's because it's a female as opposed to

59:32

a male, maybe female Neanderthal didn't have as

59:34

prominent of a brown. I don't know these

59:36

things, I'm just asking a question. Yes,

59:39

somebody knows. She seems like

59:41

pretty modern human-y, doesn't, you

59:44

know, that too. And

59:46

they gave her a little smile, she

59:48

said, nice day, good day

59:51

in the cave. I

59:56

love the modern techniques that are

59:59

being used to reconstruct ancient

1:00:03

people. When you can

1:00:05

see a face, it makes things more real. Even

1:00:08

if it's a T-Rex,

1:00:12

get it right in the movies, dudes. Final

1:00:18

story for me, too, as a

1:00:20

team of nutritionists and

1:00:22

medical researchers at the Harvard TH

1:00:24

Chan School of Public Health has found

1:00:26

evidence that daily consumption

1:00:29

of olive oil may

1:00:31

reduce the chances of developing

1:00:33

dementia. So this

1:00:35

is kind of a correlative story,

1:00:39

study, in a sense, although

1:00:42

it's sort of picking apart

1:00:46

another correlative, which

1:00:48

is the Mediterranean diet. So

1:00:53

in a couple of different databases,

1:00:55

they put together from more

1:00:57

than, let's see, the

1:01:00

researchers studied patient data for more than 60,000 women,

1:01:03

including the nurses' health study and

1:01:05

more than 31,000 men

1:01:08

in the health professionals follow-up

1:01:10

study. Both databases

1:01:12

include historical information following

1:01:14

patients for up to 30 years. Researchers

1:01:17

found that 4,751 of their 92,383 patients listed

1:01:19

in the two databases had died from dementia-related

1:01:29

causes. In comparing diet

1:01:31

information, they found that those

1:01:33

who had consumed at least a half a

1:01:36

teaspoon of olive oil per day over the

1:01:38

course of the study's years were 28% less

1:01:41

likely to have died from diseases

1:01:43

related to the development of dementia.

1:01:46

So this is a big correlation

1:01:51

of one data

1:01:53

point of

1:01:56

olive oil. supposed

1:02:00

to be really great for the brain

1:02:02

and not part of this study. And

1:02:05

actually it may be killing people. Be

1:02:07

careful of fish oil. It may be killing

1:02:09

people. It definitely kills fish. But

1:02:12

like, you know, the

1:02:16

other flip of this might be true

1:02:18

that olive oil doesn't keep you healthier

1:02:20

but if the inverse was that other

1:02:23

people were using butter, butter leads to

1:02:26

dementia at higher rates and that olive oil

1:02:28

just keeps you at the plateau. So it's

1:02:31

all correlative and it depends on what angle

1:02:33

you're attacking this from. But

1:02:35

what I think was interesting about this is it

1:02:39

performed better than the Mediterranean

1:02:42

diet as a whole. Oh,

1:02:45

that's interesting. So just the whole

1:02:47

like eating everything. Right.

1:02:51

So then you can almost get to the

1:02:53

point where you're drilling down and saying, okay,

1:02:55

what is it about the Mediterranean diet? Maybe

1:02:58

it's just the olive oil. Olive oil.

1:03:01

Like that could be that could be that,

1:03:03

you know. So when you have these

1:03:05

correlations, part of what you're supposed to do

1:03:07

is then sort of eliminate

1:03:09

other factors. And you may

1:03:12

still have correlation and after correlation all

1:03:14

the way down but at some point

1:03:17

you might go, okay, we've actually limited so much

1:03:19

of the other correlations that we're now at

1:03:22

getting to the causal. This is still a long way off.

1:03:25

But yeah, olive

1:03:28

oil performed better and

1:03:33

mayonnaise kills people. But

1:03:36

the interesting thing. So

1:03:42

mayonnaise, if you're

1:03:44

really making your own mayonnaise, you make

1:03:46

it with olive oil. No, no,

1:03:48

no, no. You could make olive oil mayonnaise. Mayonnaise was

1:03:50

fine. Mayonnaise was fine. Mayonnaise was

1:03:52

fine. It's butter. I'm sorry, butter is killing

1:03:54

everyone. Butter. There's

1:03:58

a lot more stuff in the butter. I've

1:04:00

been different a very. Very early

1:04:02

sigrid on of it's other all of us

1:04:04

other vegetable oils to that i don't know.

1:04:08

The Fifth Avenue at the review

1:04:10

None of them, but as. I.

1:04:13

Think I think this is a very

1:04:16

interesting question. Ah, just. Off

1:04:18

the top my head from

1:04:20

basic neuroscience and dietitian like

1:04:22

nutrition science. And scuse

1:04:24

me. A

1:04:27

sense. Are good for

1:04:29

you. I don't want to have eight

1:04:31

everything in moderation, right? But your nervous

1:04:33

system. Requires. For

1:04:36

it's insulation. That is what

1:04:39

maintains the mailing seats. That is

1:04:41

what mean teams and fans like

1:04:43

set is important for your brain

1:04:46

to it may be that olive

1:04:48

oil is and more accessible type

1:04:50

of fat. For. The nervous system.

1:04:53

I mean cause they're specifically looking at dementia

1:04:55

and but I think this is a very

1:04:57

interesting question and died. I hope that. It.

1:05:00

Is. That is figured out at

1:05:02

some point by the heck. But I love olive

1:05:04

oil. And he

1:05:07

is it because this other things that

1:05:09

are good in life to. I

1:05:14

I I actually I like the

1:05:16

study also because I'm already almost

1:05:18

exclusively used olive oil for everyone.

1:05:22

So. I'm

1:05:24

not going to scramble. My A now in

1:05:26

Wales. sorry I didn't die like that.

1:05:28

I like it because it's convenient because

1:05:31

I've already done a. Wonderful

1:05:34

olive oil. Yeah, it's amazing.

1:05:36

things. Are you can

1:05:38

also do olive oil? Man is it's a whole

1:05:40

thing. He can make your own. Very

1:05:42

delicious and. But it I think

1:05:44

this is very interesting. Why

1:05:47

Now I hope the a correlation

1:05:49

We don't understand it. We do

1:05:52

know that a dairy based kind

1:05:54

of this app products do have

1:05:56

a less healthy effect most often,

1:05:59

but. My. I remember that

1:06:01

is not great. My alarm raf I

1:06:03

gotta go. You Have To go.

1:06:05

Item. Run Like now. You have

1:06:07

to go either. So many cool brain stories Zoc

1:06:09

about. Okay to. Bring him here. Bring a

1:06:11

with army as I just can't be here. I

1:06:14

have to go. Have

1:06:17

a wonderful day! I'll see you next

1:06:19

week! Or.

1:06:22

right? To this

1:06:24

does is you and me everybody. says.

1:06:28

You. And me and we're

1:06:30

going to talk about things in

1:06:32

your brains. That's what I want

1:06:34

to talk about now because as

1:06:36

we've talked about olive oil been

1:06:38

good for your brain as you

1:06:40

age. potentially a smokeless the Mediterranean

1:06:43

diet and. Turns

1:06:45

out that a your

1:06:47

brain works better. Thanks.

1:06:50

To cartilage. Like.

1:06:53

Are we talking about? oh

1:06:55

my guests, are there are

1:06:57

cartilage like structures that have

1:06:59

been sound. In

1:07:02

the brain, in the and

1:07:04

like a scaffolding that hold

1:07:06

little. Hope neurons

1:07:08

together in clusters. So if you've

1:07:10

ever taken, can Drayton. Calcium

1:07:13

and can to written for your

1:07:15

knees for the cartilage In this

1:07:17

they're helping to support the structures

1:07:20

that it that are part of

1:07:22

your joints. Might

1:07:24

also be helping your brain is

1:07:26

loud. This study finds that there

1:07:28

are and what are called and

1:07:31

Drayton sulfate clusters. They call it

1:07:33

C S Six and as a

1:07:35

result of their experimental manipulation this

1:07:37

seeing as six they found is.

1:07:40

Necessary. Necessary.

1:07:44

For. Synaptic plasticity. So.

1:07:47

When you learn new things when

1:07:49

you change behaviors. Alice if. You

1:07:51

know we talk about all their brains are so

1:07:53

plastic. It's like a great thing we learned in

1:07:55

the last twenty years. Great. Because

1:07:59

there. Little scaffolds that

1:08:01

are holding little neuron.

1:08:04

Clusters together and.

1:08:07

They. Allow those

1:08:09

clusters of neurons to respond

1:08:12

to environmental stimuli and they

1:08:14

are involved in a spatial

1:08:17

memory and this might actually

1:08:19

be. The. Brain.

1:08:23

Privilege. May. Be

1:08:25

a A and M Am taking liberty

1:08:27

with the word cartilage because it is

1:08:29

a very specific molecules are these. Can

1:08:31

Drayton sulfate. Clusters and. That

1:08:35

they might actually be parts. As

1:08:38

howl of these neurons work

1:08:40

together and part of the

1:08:42

synaptic processing of information this

1:08:45

came from. I'll sell reports

1:08:47

and it says. Brand new

1:08:49

study at a University of

1:08:52

Toronto in the German Center

1:08:54

for Neurodegenerative Diseases. I

1:08:59

don't think I ever considered

1:09:01

the idea that synaptic plasticity

1:09:03

and can Drayton or. Part.

1:09:06

The stuff that's involved in cartilage? Did

1:09:09

that would go together as. So.

1:09:12

This. Is a veer. I think this is

1:09:14

a really interesting. Piece of

1:09:16

work in this is started

1:09:18

distorted several years back ah

1:09:20

and has been ongoing. These.

1:09:23

Hundred and Sulfates word described back

1:09:25

in Two Thousand and Seven by

1:09:27

a Japanese research team and they

1:09:30

seemed kinda random and and people

1:09:32

that have forgot about him and

1:09:34

then. A.

1:09:36

Group. Brought. Him back

1:09:39

and this. Been studying them and

1:09:41

have found that they are associated

1:09:43

with glial cells in the brain.

1:09:45

Ah end when people have psychotic

1:09:47

disorders. These clusters

1:09:49

and they can. Drayton. Are

1:09:51

reduced, Or they've been looking

1:09:54

at the function of these clusters and.

1:09:56

Get. Organized, not just randomly throughout

1:09:58

the brain that. when they

1:10:00

are located somewhere,

1:10:03

they're in a recognizable geometric

1:10:05

shape according to these researchers.

1:10:10

So they did

1:10:12

experimental expression of this in

1:10:14

the brains of mice, and

1:10:21

were able to really

1:10:23

see how they affected

1:10:25

different neurons in the brain. I

1:10:30

think it's so cool. I love it. We

1:10:34

think of the brain as a jello, like,

1:10:36

I don't know, I have always thought of

1:10:38

the brain as something similar

1:10:41

to like a, I

1:10:44

don't know, a jello mold or something. And to

1:10:47

actually think that there is a

1:10:49

much more solid structure, a

1:10:52

scaffolding almost, that

1:10:54

I think is fascinating. So I'd love

1:10:56

to know more about how that's involved

1:10:59

in disorders

1:11:01

of the brain, in when

1:11:03

people have brain traumas, how

1:11:06

does that impact what's going on in the

1:11:08

brain? And is the

1:11:11

scaffolding potentially, if we could focus

1:11:13

on the scaffolding, could

1:11:15

we potentially help fix

1:11:19

what's happening or the

1:11:21

recovery of people who have undergone brain

1:11:24

traumas? Traumatic

1:11:28

brain traumas. Yeah,

1:11:31

yeah, so Robert Varner in YouTube, you say and

1:11:33

you take that stuff for your joints, you're

1:11:36

not old, no, but maybe

1:11:39

it's helping your brain too. I don't

1:11:41

know, but conjointing, it's involved in your

1:11:43

brain, your memory, learning spatial

1:11:45

memory, synaptic plasticity.

1:11:47

This to me is wonderful

1:11:50

and incredible, and I

1:11:52

don't know if you appreciate it as much as

1:11:54

I do, but this is I think a very

1:11:56

exciting discovery and I hope that they look into

1:11:58

it much more deeply. Because

1:12:01

really, it's like,

1:12:05

I don't know. It's very odd to

1:12:07

think of little bits of scaffolding,

1:12:11

holding up little bits of brain, holding

1:12:13

them together and going, okay, now you work together.

1:12:17

What else does it do? I want

1:12:19

to know. I really do want to know more. And

1:12:23

then when we move, it does make

1:12:25

me sad that Justin's not here right

1:12:28

now. When we move from these cartilage-like

1:12:30

structures, I would like to talk for

1:12:32

a moment about a study

1:12:34

that was published again in the

1:12:36

journal Cell. And researchers

1:12:42

created hybrid mice.

1:12:45

They incorporated rat stem

1:12:47

cells into mouse blastocysts

1:12:49

so that the mice

1:12:52

offspring that came from

1:12:55

this union would

1:12:58

have two species

1:13:00

neurons in their brains. This

1:13:06

experiment, we've

1:13:08

had lots of experiments where they've tried

1:13:10

to create chimeras and hybrid brains

1:13:15

put things together. And they've had limited

1:13:17

success, but it's been growing as

1:13:19

researchers have gotten better models and methods and been able

1:13:22

to put things together more and more and more. And

1:13:25

in this particular situation,

1:13:28

the researchers were able to

1:13:32

successfully integrate the rat

1:13:34

neurons into the mouse

1:13:36

brains. And

1:13:39

in creating this situation, the

1:13:41

mice were fine. They were totally

1:13:43

like normal mice. So the

1:13:45

question is, is like, OK, if you're a mouse

1:13:49

with a lot of rat neurons, are

1:13:51

you really a mouse or are you a rat? What's

1:13:53

going on? How does that work? They

1:13:56

behaved like mice. They didn't behave

1:13:58

like rats, but they were. absolutely

1:14:03

fine in terms of how

1:14:06

they developed and how they

1:14:08

behaved. So the researchers then

1:14:10

decided that they wanted

1:14:13

to know more about what

1:14:15

would happen if they disabled the

1:14:18

rat neurons and

1:14:22

how that would impact the mouse

1:14:24

behaviors. In

1:14:26

this situation, when they

1:14:29

disabled these circuits, there

1:14:33

was a difference in the ability

1:14:36

of these mice and how

1:14:38

they were able to behave.

1:14:40

So in

1:14:42

getting rid of the

1:14:45

rat neurons, they found that

1:14:48

if the mice didn't have

1:14:50

their own neurons in

1:14:53

there, their neurons weren't really able to

1:14:55

work and so there

1:14:57

was just dysfunctional mouse neurons in there and

1:14:59

so the mice weren't able, were the

1:15:03

mouse able to smell it? The mice able to smell a cookie?

1:15:05

If you give a mouse a cookie, anyway

1:15:08

they did that. They hit a cookie in

1:15:10

every mouse cage and they

1:15:13

were able to find it with the rat neurons but

1:15:16

if the mouse neurons

1:15:18

were silenced, they couldn't find it.

1:15:20

If the rat neurons were silenced,

1:15:23

it didn't quite work. The

1:15:25

main point is that the researchers

1:15:28

bring home is that

1:15:33

replacing neurons isn't plug and

1:15:35

play. You can't just, oh

1:15:38

you got a dysfunctional neuron, we'll put another

1:15:41

one in. And so

1:15:44

this potentially, what they hope is that the

1:15:47

hybrid brains like this will not only allow

1:15:49

us to understand more about our own brains

1:15:52

but also understand more about how

1:15:54

we can repair and replace parts

1:15:56

of the brain when brain cells

1:15:59

get sick. and die. So

1:16:01

do you have to empty out

1:16:03

the dysfunctional neurons first and

1:16:06

allow time for the other neurons

1:16:09

to develop? This

1:16:12

is the question. If

1:16:15

you give a mouse a cookie, if

1:16:18

they have a rat brain, they're probably still

1:16:20

going to like the cookie. All

1:16:25

right, moving on to my final couple of stories

1:16:27

really quickly here. Researchers have

1:16:29

created little teeny tiny implants,

1:16:32

nano sized, they're neuron

1:16:35

sized implants that

1:16:37

are going hopefully

1:16:40

to be able

1:16:42

to help people who have gone blind

1:16:45

see again. These are

1:16:48

brain interfaces that are specifically

1:16:50

right now being created for

1:16:52

the retina to replace damaged

1:16:54

retina. These what

1:16:58

they call highly flexible thin

1:17:00

polyimide shanks which

1:17:03

have little tiny less

1:17:05

than 15 micrometer

1:17:07

electrodes are

1:17:10

able to micro stimulate

1:17:14

neurons that lead to the

1:17:16

visual cortex. And so

1:17:18

it's not like, oh, yay, we

1:17:21

put it in a mouse and they can see

1:17:23

again, whoop, doo doo. It's kind

1:17:25

of like, like pixels

1:17:27

of light. There's light, dark,

1:17:29

light, dark, the resolution is

1:17:31

not great. But at the

1:17:33

same time, if they can up regulate

1:17:37

the or increase

1:17:40

the resolution of the implants

1:17:43

that they're creating, the hope is that

1:17:45

one day they would be able to

1:17:47

replace a damaged retina

1:17:50

and be able to fully replace

1:17:54

the damaged vision and

1:17:56

the interface between

1:17:58

how light comes in. Into the eye

1:18:01

and then gets turned into an

1:18:03

electro chemical stimulus that moves on

1:18:05

to the visual cortex. Eyes. As

1:18:08

we know I say we again

1:18:10

do that All the types of

1:18:12

this in. Not just

1:18:14

in the I raid. mostly are

1:18:16

visual cortex. Vision. And perception

1:18:19

is mostly a result. The brain.

1:18:23

Cell. Ah the. Initial

1:18:25

tests have suggested that they can

1:18:28

last. These implants can last at

1:18:30

least as long as a lifetime

1:18:32

of a mouse. So if they

1:18:35

could last for a long time,

1:18:37

which could be really cool, Because

1:18:40

one of the problems with implants is

1:18:43

that we can we worry. Whether.

1:18:45

Or not. They'll. Have to

1:18:47

be replaced. How long

1:18:49

are they gonna last? Are they gonna

1:18:52

deteriorated over time? What's

1:18:54

gonna go on there? How's it gonna

1:18:56

work? And so. With

1:18:59

these at with these.

1:19:01

Micro. Micro.

1:19:05

Electrodes that they have created this nano sized.

1:19:07

They are. Individually.

1:19:10

Able to interact. With. An

1:19:12

Iran. Which. Was very course

1:19:14

who knows where it'll go at. But.

1:19:17

It were treat. The mice

1:19:20

were able to perceive light

1:19:22

if this was something that

1:19:24

lasted their lifetime, and it

1:19:27

is something. That.

1:19:29

Could lead to treatments for people in

1:19:31

the future and I'm not gonna do

1:19:33

the same fi we ask cow. But

1:19:36

I hope that you'll do that yourself

1:19:38

because. So

1:19:41

many places and be. But it's. That.

1:19:43

My final story comes back to this

1:19:46

and that really big way. because what

1:19:48

Do you do? With. An

1:19:50

implant in your head. When.

1:19:52

It's gone. obsolete. So.

1:19:55

Many of our devices in this world.

1:19:58

Blues are you. Apple.

1:20:00

People. I

1:20:03

don't know. My dishwasher

1:20:05

refrigerate planned obsolescence? Or

1:20:08

software updates. What?

1:20:11

If you know what you don't want

1:20:13

to, you've got a plugin for your

1:20:15

implant and you don't want to update

1:20:17

the software because you don't wanna mess

1:20:19

up the way that it works with

1:20:22

your brain. And

1:20:25

suddenly. You. Have

1:20:28

a bricked implants. He

1:20:31

knew what do we do? What?

1:20:34

Are we going to do?

1:20:36

Researchers are talking now about

1:20:38

this issue which never was

1:20:40

an issue before, but Ah

1:20:43

has now. Is

1:20:45

something that people are talking about.

1:20:48

Tech abandonment and. The

1:20:50

idea that. Implants, Could

1:20:53

potentially. Not be.

1:20:55

Supported. By their producers anymore.

1:21:00

They have the researchers

1:21:02

who have have published

1:21:05

their study this last

1:21:07

week. They are acknowledging

1:21:09

exceptions. Like devices

1:21:11

that are being tested in clinical

1:21:13

trials are, they are. Talking

1:21:17

about things like Elon Musk, said

1:21:19

link or there are a lot

1:21:21

of things going on and they

1:21:23

hope. With. This research that's

1:21:25

been published in Jama Jammers

1:21:27

Network opened. It's that. Some

1:21:31

regulations can be put in place.

1:21:35

If. An implant manufacturer, Goes

1:21:38

bankrupt, What? Happens

1:21:40

to the patient. Do

1:21:43

take it away. Does it

1:21:46

stay? With.

1:21:48

What's going To happen? So

1:21:50

I think this is. This

1:21:52

is one of our satisfy. Questions.

1:21:56

rate that this is our future and how

1:21:58

did we get here to even considering

1:22:00

this particular question.

1:22:03

But I leave that to you all for the

1:22:06

rest of tonight. I am on

1:22:09

my own here. I'm sad that Justin had to

1:22:11

run away, but he had to catch a train

1:22:13

and go to work. I'd love to

1:22:15

know what you all think. Do you

1:22:18

have cochlear implants? Do you have

1:22:20

other implants? Have you ever had

1:22:22

an implant that stopped working? What

1:22:25

happened? What happened? How do you

1:22:27

deal with it? How would you deal with it? What

1:22:29

would you do with old technology

1:22:31

abandoned, not in a in

1:22:34

a dump somewhere or in a pick

1:22:37

and pull, but in your

1:22:39

body? What are we going to do with that? So

1:22:44

many questions for the future. I'm

1:22:46

so glad that somebody's thinking about something

1:22:48

these days. I'm

1:22:50

really glad that you are all here

1:22:52

thinking about things with me. I

1:22:56

do appreciate it. And to reiterate

1:22:58

once again, for all you

1:23:00

science moms out there doing all the science and

1:23:02

the momming, I think you're

1:23:05

amazing. It's not

1:23:07

easy. And if you feel

1:23:09

like it, you want to share, send me a

1:23:11

note about being a science mom,

1:23:13

what your experience is like. And I

1:23:15

would love to share your experience with

1:23:18

our twist community. Everyone

1:23:21

else, I just want to say thank you

1:23:23

so much for being here. Thanks for listening.

1:23:25

Thanks for watching. I hope you did enjoy

1:23:27

the show. Shout outs, Fata. Thank you for

1:23:29

all the show notes and the social media

1:23:32

and the support over the last couple of

1:23:34

weeks with stuff my family's been going through.

1:23:37

And Gord, Arne Lore,

1:23:39

everyone, thank you for

1:23:41

keeping the chat room

1:23:43

good places. Identify for thank

1:23:45

you for recording the show. Rachel,

1:23:47

thank you for editing

1:23:50

the show. Everyone in the chat

1:23:52

rooms. I see you my discord.

1:23:54

I see you.

1:23:56

YouTube. There's a

1:23:58

twitcher. Who's there? Oh, Is there other

1:24:00

Facebookers? Are there Facebookers here? Anyway, I've got Facebook also.

1:24:03

I see you and thank

1:24:06

you for chatting and thank you for

1:24:08

putting your comments into the chat. I

1:24:10

do watch them as

1:24:12

they roll past and I try to keep them in

1:24:14

mind. And yeah,

1:24:17

you're the reason we're here anyway. So

1:24:19

I love being able to talk with all

1:24:21

of you. Thank you

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also, of course, to our

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Patreon sponsors. I

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definitely have to say thank you. To

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our Twist Patrons, Alan Viola, Aaron

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on the right page. That's awesome.

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AKA Don Stilo, Ellie Carfin, Reagan

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boat. John Atwood, Rudy Garcia, Dave Wilkinson,

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Rodney Lewis, Paul Rick, Ramis, Phillip Shane,

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who's also doing some awesome documentary work

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these days and hosts the What If

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podcast. Kurt Larsen, Craig Landon, Sue Doster,

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Jason Olds, Dave Neighbor, Eric Knapp, Lon

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Makes, Shnocko, I see

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you. EO, Adam Michkahn, Aaron

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Luthan, Bob Calder, Marjorie Paul, Disney,

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David Simmerle, Patrick Pecoraro, and Tony

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Steele, an amazing artist who just

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is so sharing and giving of

1:25:48

his work. It is constantly

1:25:51

improving and doing amazing things. I

1:25:54

appreciate all the support from

1:25:56

all of you. Really, I

1:25:58

see you. Yes, Robert. It's

1:26:00

over already. It

1:26:02

is. Maybe

1:26:05

we actually hit a tight 90 tonight. Anyway,

1:26:09

thank you. Let me finish, I guess,

1:26:11

with what we normally do together, Justin

1:26:13

and I. On next week's show, we...

1:26:15

Oh wait, no, I gotta say, thank

1:26:18

you for supporting us on Patreon. If

1:26:20

you're interested in supporting us, you can

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find information at twist.org.

1:26:25

There's a link to Patreon there. On next week's show, we're

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1:26:30

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1:26:34

But if you want to listen to

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anything that you've heard today, show notes

1:26:54

and links to stories are going to

1:26:56

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1:26:58

sign up for our newsletter. I

1:27:00

will send one again someday. I

1:27:03

do love your feedback. I really love hearing

1:27:05

from people. So if there's a topic that

1:27:07

you want us to cover, address or a

1:27:09

suggestion for an interview, let us

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1:27:23

does not get spam filtered

1:27:25

into a

1:27:27

dysfunctional mouse neuron in

1:27:29

a hybrid brain that a rat neuron

1:27:33

thing is taking over. Oh my

1:27:35

goodness. Everyone,

1:27:38

we look forward to discussing science with

1:27:41

you again next week and we hope

1:27:43

that you'll join us once again.

1:27:45

And remember, if you have

1:27:47

learned anything

1:27:49

from this show,

1:27:52

it's all in your head. This

1:28:01

is the end of the world.

1:28:08

So I'm heading up shop, got my banner up for a

1:28:10

look. And

1:28:14

as the science is in,

1:28:17

I'm going to sell my

1:28:19

knife. Children have found the

1:28:21

robot with a simple device.

1:28:23

I'll reverse follow me with

1:28:25

a wave of mine. And

1:28:27

all this heatball is coming

1:28:30

your way. So

1:28:34

everybody listen to what I say.

1:28:37

I use the scientific methods for

1:28:39

all that is worth. And I'll

1:28:41

broadcast my opinion all over the

1:28:43

Earth. This

1:28:46

week is science. This

1:28:49

week is science. This

1:28:52

week is science.