The Book of Ezra narrates the return of the Jewish exiles from Babylon to Jerusalem under the decree of Persian King Cyrus. Ezra, a scribe and priest, leads the effort to rebuild the temple, emphasising the importance of spiritual renewal and adherence to the Mosaic Law. The book highlights challenges faced by the returning exiles, including opposition from neighbouring peoples and internal conflicts. Ezra also focuses on the restoration of religious practices and the purification of the Jewish community.

Haggai, a prophet, emerges during the same period, encouraging the people to prioritise the reconstruction of the temple. He urges them to consider their ways and return to the Lord, promising blessings upon their obedience. Haggai's message spurs the people to resume building the temple despite setbacks and opposition. The book underscores the theme of divine restoration and the importance of faithfulness to God's commands amidst adversity.