0:00

August

0:11

fifteen ninety, less

0:13

than ten miles off the mid east coast of America,

0:16

a bright full moon, the color

0:18

of bone, rises steadily into

0:20

the sky down below

0:23

the towering hulks of two ships

0:25

on route from England, the Hopewell

0:28

and Moonlight, plow headlong

0:30

through the waves as they edge ever closer

0:32

to the northern ridge of the Outer Bank, a

0:35

two hundred mile stretch of barrier

0:37

islands and spits located

0:39

roughly six hundred miles north of Florida.

0:43

Between the bank and the mainland lay

0:46

a body of water known as the Pamlico

0:49

Sound, at the top of which

0:51

was the ship's target destination, an

0:54

island named Roanoak. On

0:58

the Hopewell's deck, Governor John

1:00

White, who has waited desperately

1:03

for almost three years for this moment,

1:06

strains his eyes in the darkening twilight

1:08

for any sign of his people coming

1:10

from the island. It

1:13

was back in August fifteen eighty seven

1:16

that due to a series of calamitous events,

1:19

White had been forced to leave Roanoke

1:21

and the colony of women, men and

1:24

children he had been charged with establishing

1:26

there. There

1:29

had been a hundred and seventeen of them in

1:31

total, his own daughter and

1:33

granddaughter among them, and

1:36

every day since leaving them he had

1:38

been consumed with despair, not

1:41

only out of fear for their safety,

1:43

but for his own future too, for

1:46

all of it had been dependent on his

1:48

successful return to the island. Now

1:52

finally he was on the brink of

1:54

reuniting with them.

1:57

It is hard to articulate the sheer's

2:00

sense of relief that washed over Governor

2:02

White that early August evening, when,

2:05

as he cast his eyes beyond the outer

2:07

bank he spotted the telltale

2:09

sign of campfire smoke rising

2:11

high above Roanoake's trees.

2:15

How his legs threatened to give way

2:17

from underneath him at the thought of

2:19

what it might signify that,

2:22

somehow they had managed to survive

2:25

after all that time. The

2:29

rest of those on board, however, were

2:31

a little less infused, for

2:33

no doubt they had heard all the stories

2:36

about just what exactly lurked

2:38

beyond those distant trees. For

2:41

most of them, who had only signed up to

2:44

the trip for the chance to plunder treasure

2:46

from Spanish merchants, they

2:48

would sooner sail headlong into cannon

2:50

fire than take one step onto

2:53

that god forsaken continent. You're

2:57

listening to unexplained and I'm

3:00

Richard McClane smith. It

3:10

had all begun, as such things do, with

3:12

an unbridled thirst for glory followed

3:15

by a magnificent overreach. On

3:18

this occasion, it was Sir Humphrey Gilbert,

3:21

English soldier and member of Parliament,

3:24

who, in fifteen eighty three, with

3:26

a fleet of six ships, set

3:28

a course for the Americas. On

3:31

August fifth, Gilbert landed

3:33

at the port of Saint John in Newfoundland,

3:37

despite finding it populated by vessels

3:39

from France, Portugal, and Spain, not

3:42

to mention already inhabited by a number

3:44

of indigenous communities, he

3:47

declared it and all the land a

3:49

thousand miles to the north and south of it,

3:51

the property of England by order

3:54

of Queen Elizabeth. However,

3:58

due to their fast diminishing supply, Gilbert

4:01

and his cohorts were unable to form a

4:03

settlement to officiate his declaration,

4:05

and were eventually forced to return to

4:07

England after getting

4:09

caught up in a violent storm just off

4:12

the coast of the Azores, Gilbert

4:14

rejected the advice of his fellow sailors

4:16

to evacuate his vessel. Hours

4:19

later, his ship had sunk taking

4:22

Gilbert with it. The

4:25

following year, Gilbert's half

4:27

brother, Walter Raleigh, a young

4:30

courtier who had become a close confidant

4:32

of Queen Elizabeth, decided to

4:34

take up the mantle. Raleigh,

4:38

who had captained one of the vessels when Gilbert's

4:40

original trip, persuaded Elizabeth

4:43

to transfer Gilbert's original agreement

4:45

to him, entitling him to

4:47

all lands he could settle in the New World

4:50

and any subsequent riches discovered

4:53

Therein learning

4:55

from his half brother's mistakes, Raleigh

4:58

realized it would be vital to first find

5:00

a suitable location before making

5:03

any attempt to settle a colony there,

5:06

and so in fifteen eighty four,

5:09

two Captains Philip Amadas

5:12

and Arthur barlow were sent on

5:14

a reconnaissance mission to do just that.

5:17

When Amadas and Barlowe returned to England,

5:20

Raleigh was surprised to find them accompanied

5:23

by two Native Americans named

5:25

Manteo and one chiefs. As

5:29

the captains would go on to explain, the

5:31

men were both members of the Sikhatan

5:34

tribe led by a man named

5:36

Winjina, with whom they had

5:38

struck up a relationship shortly

5:40

after reaching America. Having

5:43

made it to the top of the Outer Bank on the

5:45

east coast. They had disembarked

5:47

at an encouraging looking island, where

5:50

they were later met by members of the tribe,

5:52

including its head chief's brother, Granganameo.

5:56

The man had invited them to visit his home

5:59

on an island they called Roanoke.

6:02

The island, said Barlow and Amadas,

6:05

was exactly what Raleigh was looking for.

6:09

It isn't known under what circumstances

6:11

exactly Manteo and one Cheese

6:14

had been brought back to England, and

6:16

quite what they would have made of London at the time

6:19

is impossible to comprehend. None

6:21

the less, both were given living

6:24

quarters in Raleigh's London home, while

6:26

renowned scholar of the day Thomas

6:28

Harriet was drafted in to

6:31

help learn their language and teach

6:33

them English in return. Though

6:36

Harriet's intentions had been scholarly

6:39

hugely excited at the prospect of learning

6:41

the Secotan's native tongue, what

6:43

Raleigh really wanted to know was

6:46

whether the tribe would pose any threat

6:48

to his colonial ambitions. As

6:51

Harriet assured him soon after, there

6:54

would only be one winner if it came to

6:56

a fight between them and the English.

7:00

Encouraged by Barlowe and Amadas's findings

7:03

and with the opportunity for plundering Spanish

7:05

vessels en route, Raleigh

7:07

had little difficulty raising the finance

7:09

to take the project to its next stage.

7:13

All he needed to complete it were

7:15

some colonists. John

7:24

White had been scratching a living as an expert

7:26

watercolorist when he first learned

7:29

that Walter Raleigh, now Sir Walter,

7:31

having been rewarded by the Queen for his imminent

7:34

venture, was looking for an artist

7:36

to help document his mission to the New World,

7:40

borne some time in the fifteen forties.

7:42

By fifteen eighty four, White had

7:45

endured the death of both his baby's son

7:47

and his wife, With his teenage

7:49

daughter Eleanor having left the family

7:52

home after recently becoming engaged,

7:55

White saw little reason not to put himself

7:57

forward for the trip. White

8:00

had watched patiently as Raleigh

8:02

perused his handiwork, admiring

8:04

especially the realist images of Esquimau's

8:07

paddling through ice floes in kayaks.

8:11

White had painted them on an earlier voyage

8:13

he'd taken to the Arctic in fifteen

8:15

seventy seven. Pleased

8:17

with what he saw, Raleigh offered

8:20

White the job. He

8:22

would be joined by an army of roughly sixty

8:25

soldiers, along with various

8:27

construction workers and artisans, livestock

8:30

hunting, docks, and all other provisions

8:33

necessary to sustain the colony

8:35

until they could become self sufficient. Thomas

8:39

Harriot, Manteo, and one cheese

8:42

would also be joining them.

8:44

No women were to be taken on the first

8:47

excursion. For

8:50

leader of the expedition, Rawleigh chose

8:52

his cousin, Richard Grenville,

8:55

though he had only ever sailed as far as France

8:58

and had no experience in diploma see

9:00

whatsoever, he nonetheless

9:02

had the requisite hatred of Spain that

9:04

Rawly considered essential for the job.

9:08

After delivering the colonists to Roanoke

9:11

Island, Grenville was to return

9:13

straight home, leaving the group in

9:15

the hands of Korea soldier Master

9:17

Ralph Lane. Master

9:20

Lane was a particular favorite of Queen Elizabeth's,

9:23

having been instrumental in the English

9:25

Crown's ongoing efforts to colonize

9:27

Ireland. With

9:29

everything ready to go, in the early

9:32

hours of April fourth, fifteen

9:34

eighty five, four vessels

9:36

laden with the first genuine attempt

9:38

to establish an English colony in North

9:40

America set sail for

9:42

the New World. A

9:46

few days later, three and a half

9:48

thousand miles away, members

9:50

of the Secotan tribe gather around

9:52

the dying embers of a village fire as

9:55

dawn breaks above the surrounding tree

9:58

tops. Much

10:00

discussion had been given to the strange men

10:02

with whom they had communed so many

10:05

moons ago, not least

10:07

in wondering when, if

10:09

ever they might return. Friends

10:13

and family of Manteo and One Cheese

10:16

were especially anxious to see their sons

10:18

and brothers again. As

10:21

the rest of the villagers began to wake and

10:23

prepare for the day ahead, it

10:26

took a moment to realize that something

10:28

wasn't quite right. The

10:31

sky seemed darker than normal,

10:34

and the dawn unusually slow

10:36

to arrive. Then

10:40

one of the tribe gasped and pointed

10:42

toward the horizon at the strange

10:45

sight of what appeared to be a bright

10:47

white ring rising steadily

10:49

into the sky. It

10:51

was a total eclipse of the sun. As

10:55

the tribe's leader, Wingina, gazed

10:58

on, the message was

11:00

loud and clear. Something

11:02

ominous was heading their way. Roughly

11:12

two new moons after Chief Winjina

11:14

and his tribe witnessed the apparent

11:16

portent of doom. Came the

11:19

unsettling news that

11:21

men matching the description of

11:23

those they had met one summer ago,

11:25

had arrived at the Aquascokog settlement

11:28

another tribe of Secotan not far

11:31

from Wingjina's people, and

11:33

burned the entire village to the ground.

11:36

Those men were now heading their way.

11:40

When Master Lane and Richard Grenville

11:42

finally arrived at the Secotan village

11:45

with sixty armed men in tow, it

11:47

is clear that news of their arrival had

11:49

preceded them

11:52

before long. With the help of Manteo

11:54

and one cheese, it is quickly established

11:57

that they mean the tribe no harm. However,

12:00

when it has explained that Grenville had

12:03

ordered the destruction of the aquascocok settlement

12:06

because he believed one of the savages as

12:08

he called them, had stolen a silver

12:10

cup of his, it was clear

12:12

to Winna that theirs would be a complicated

12:15

relationship. Banteo

12:18

went on to explain that the men had

12:20

come to establish a settlement of their own

12:22

and were intent on using Roanoke as

12:25

their base. After

12:27

setting up a meeting with Winjuner's brother

12:29

Guanganimeo, the elders

12:32

agreed not to stand in their way if

12:34

they limited themselves to the north end of

12:36

the island. With

12:39

both parties seemingly relieved to

12:41

have come to a diplomatic agreement, the

12:43

English colonists promptly began unloading

12:45

all their equipment and supplies onto the

12:48

island. By

12:50

the third week, they had constructed

12:52

a fort complete with gun emplacements,

12:55

a church, storehouses,

12:57

a series of thatched roofed homes, as

13:00

well as an armory and even a jail.

13:04

By the end of August, the one hundred

13:06

and seven settlers watched with no little

13:08

apprehension as the last ship

13:10

of their fleet weighed anchor and

13:12

sailed off into the horizon. It

13:17

wasn't long before their problems began

13:19

to mount. Many

13:21

of the more wealthy colonists had come

13:23

merely to seek their fortune and

13:25

had neither the skills nor the inclination

13:28

to knuckle down with the rest. Having

13:31

failed to include any alcohol with their

13:33

provisions was also having a

13:35

serious effect on morale. Of

13:38

more pressing concern, however, was

13:41

there faster pleating food store. On

13:45

arrival in the New World. A ship carrying

13:47

the majority of their provisions had

13:50

run aground, destroying much of its cargo

13:52

in the process. Then, having

13:54

made it to Roanoke much later than planned,

13:57

there had been no chance to plant seeds in

13:59

time for a harvest before winter. Their

14:03

only hope was to convince Winjina

14:05

to share some of his tribes upcoming harvest

14:08

with them until they could fully support

14:10

themselves. Their

14:12

predicament was not helped by the

14:14

fact that soon after their arrival, hundreds

14:17

of Sikatan died unexpectedly.

14:21

Winjinnah had little doubt that the settlers

14:23

were to blame. However,

14:25

it wasn't a supernatural power, as

14:27

he'd suspected, but rather

14:29

the smallpox and measles they'd

14:32

brought with them from Europe. Thanks

14:36

largely to Manteo's skills of diplomacy,

14:39

Lane succeeded in convincing Winjina to

14:41

help feed the colony. The

14:44

tribe even go as far as constructing

14:46

fishing traps for them, since

14:48

the English so far had even struggled

14:50

to catch any fish, and

14:52

disaster was averted for the time being.

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16:08

Concerned that win Joanna's patients was running

16:11

out, Lane instructed

16:13

John White and Thomas Harriot

16:15

to travel deeper into the continent to

16:18

create a map of what was still uncharted

16:20

territory for them in the event they

16:22

might need to resettle elsewhere. By

16:25

the time White and Harriet returned a

16:27

few months later, having struck

16:29

up friendly relationships with a number of

16:31

other tribes further up the coast, everything

16:34

had changed. Fighting

16:37

had broken out between a number of the colonists

16:40

and the Secotan at the south end of the island.

16:43

Lane was also by now in no doubt

16:46

that Winna was planning to slaughter

16:48

them all. In

16:50

the spring of fifteen eighty six, Lane

16:53

takes to the waters with forty men, and

16:56

together they head north on the search

16:58

for more tribes to form an aliance with. Back

17:01

at the Secotan village on the mainland, with

17:04

weeks having passed and Lane

17:06

and his men yet to reappear, Chief

17:09

Winjuna, believing they had died, demands

17:12

the tribe cut all contact with the English

17:14

settlers. But when

17:16

Lane and his men return some weeks

17:18

later, tired and famished

17:21

but very much alive, winjan

17:23

As people are reluctant to put his plan

17:26

into action. When

17:28

they receive word that Lane had made contact

17:30

with the Choanoak with plans

17:32

to pit the two tribes against each other, it

17:35

was clear they had little choice but to

17:37

act. One

17:41

morning, two of the colonists

17:43

in charge of collecting fish from the Secotan

17:45

traps find that they have all been

17:47

destroyed. When Lane

17:50

demands to know what is going on, he

17:52

is informed in no uncertain terms that

17:54

the Secotan will no longer be providing

17:57

food for his people. Over

18:00

the next few weeks, the colonists

18:03

slowly begin to starve. A

18:06

captain's stafford is despatched with twenty

18:08

men to seek help from Monteo's home,

18:11

a tribe of Secotan located

18:13

some forty miles further down the outer bank

18:16

on another island named Crowetoen.

18:20

Others were sent to the main land to forage

18:22

whatever they could, but

18:24

Lane knows it will not be enough. As

18:28

his army steadily weakens,

18:30

so too does his conviction grow that

18:32

Wingina was about to attack them

18:34

at any minute. It

18:43

was just as the sun was disappearing

18:45

below the horizon that a small

18:47

group of Lane's men struck out and

18:49

hijacked every secoat and canoe on the island

18:52

they could find. Only

18:54

one was still out on the water. Realizing

18:58

they were under attack, its two

19:00

occupants began paddling furiously

19:03

toward the mainland. However,

19:06

Lane's men were able to catch them before

19:08

they could alert their compatriots there. From

19:12

the banks of Roanoke, the remaining Sikotan

19:15

watch as the English brought the two

19:17

men back to the island and

19:19

promptly cut off their heads.

19:24

In response, the Sikoten turned immediately

19:26

on the newcomers, but their weapons

19:28

were no match for the firepower of

19:30

the English soldiers and was soon

19:33

sent scattering into the trees for shelter. Though

19:37

Lane had managed to stop them from getting word

19:39

to Winjanna, it was now

19:41

or never. When

19:44

Lane arrived at winjoun As settlement later

19:46

that night, along with twenty seven

19:48

armed men and Manteo at

19:50

his side. He informed the

19:52

chieftain that they were merely passing through

19:55

before heading on to crow Aten. None

19:58

the less, Win invited

20:00

them in to rest for a while. The

20:04

chief led Lane and the twenty seven men

20:06

inside before taking a seat

20:08

on the floor, where he was surrounded

20:10

by eight of his most trusted advisers.

20:14

When Lane and his men showed little

20:16

sign of joining him, he knew

20:18

exactly why they had really come.

20:22

At the cry of Christ our victory,

20:25

the English raised their muskets

20:27

and fired a volley of shots into the circle

20:29

of elders, stopping

20:32

for a moment to give Manteo the chance

20:34

to rescue any of his friends. Lane

20:37

then ordered a second volley of gunfire.

20:42

Miraculously, Wingina, having

20:44

anticipated the attack, had

20:46

managed to survive the first wave before

20:49

getting shot in the back of the leg. As

20:51

he ran into the surrounding forest, he

20:54

was swiftly followed by two of Lane's men,

20:57

who did their best to keep up with him in their

20:59

cumbersome armor as he darted lithely

21:01

between the trees. Sometime

21:05

later, as Lane surveyed the

21:07

damage, the bleeding corpses of the

21:09

tribe's elders strung out on the floor

21:12

before him, the two

21:14

soldiers returned from out of the forest.

21:17

Clutched in the hands of one of them

21:20

was the severed head of Chieftain Wingina.

21:29

It was the second week of June before Captain

21:32

Stafford and his men arrived back

21:34

at the English fort on Roanoke, completely

21:36

exhausted and bearing unexpected

21:39

news. Having

21:41

set off back toward Roanoke some weeks

21:43

before, his men had spotted

21:46

ships approaching from out of the east, Fearing

21:49

they might be Spanish vessels, that had

21:51

been much rejoicing on discovering the English

21:53

flags flying from their masts. The

21:57

vast fleet, numbering twenty three ships

21:59

in tow had sailed up from the

22:01

Caribbean under the guidance of Sir

22:03

Francis Drake. Drake

22:06

had originally been sent to rescue a fleet

22:08

of English grain ships that were being held

22:10

captive by the Spanish crown. After

22:13

completing the task, however, he

22:15

took the opportunity to head to the Caribbean

22:18

in search of Spanish merchants

22:20

and colonial towns to plunder. Whilst

22:24

there, he had caught wind of the King

22:26

of Spain's plot to locate the English

22:28

settlement at Roanoke and have it

22:30

destroyed. Drake

22:33

had considered it his duty to come to

22:35

their rescue. A

22:38

few weeks later, with Drake's fleet

22:40

having made it to the other end of the Outer Bank,

22:43

Master Lane was rode out to speak

22:45

to them. Lane

22:47

wasted no time in outlining the dire

22:50

situation and requested supplies

22:52

to last at least four months. Drake

22:56

Dulie agreed, going even further

22:58

by offering two captains and one

23:00

of his ships, named the Francis,

23:02

to help further secure the Roanoke

23:05

settlement. With

23:07

the Francis freshly loaded, Drake

23:09

ordered its captain and crew to join

23:11

Lane's group, but just

23:14

as they were about to begin unloading the vessel,

23:16

a violent storm ripped across the coast,

23:19

scattering the Francis and a number of Drake's

23:22

fleet back into the Atlantic. By

23:25

the time the storm had abated, Lane

23:28

and Drake realized that the Francis

23:30

was nowhere to be seen, its

23:33

crew having clearly not fancied

23:35

its chances in the New World. With

23:39

Drake only able to offer one other boat

23:41

that was too cumbersome for navigating the shallows

23:43

of the Pamlico Sound, and the

23:46

additional supplies now gone, Lane

23:49

realized their race was run.

23:52

Calling all the colonists together with

23:55

a heavy heart, Lane gave them

23:57

their choices. Either stay

23:59

there as they were and wait for the

24:01

next supply ship to arrive, whenever

24:03

that might be, or give

24:05

up and return to England. The

24:08

men didn't need asking twice.

24:12

Before the month was out, the first

24:15

English colony in America had

24:17

packed up whatever possessions they had left

24:20

and made their way onto one of the waiting

24:22

ships. Terrified

24:25

that he would be blamed for what the English had

24:27

done, Manteo had little

24:29

choice but to join them. Two one

24:32

chiefs had long since made his escape

24:34

back to his tribe to

24:37

help make room for the new cargo. Drake

24:40

is thought to have offloaded about five hundred

24:43

slaves taken from North and West

24:45

Africa and South America.

24:48

The individuals are said to have been simply

24:50

deposited on the Outer Bank and

24:53

left for dead. When

24:55

Lane conducted a head count of the colonists,

24:58

it was discovered that three of them were with

25:01

the weather beginning to take another turn for

25:03

the worst, and the rest of the attempted

25:05

settlers unwilling to spend another

25:07

minute there, the decision was

25:10

made to abandon them.

25:13

Moments later, Drake's fleet,

25:15

accompanied by Lane's failed colony,

25:18

pulled up their sails and, on

25:20

catching the first winds available, powered

25:23

on toward England. Three

25:31

days later, another vessel

25:34

approached the northern edge of the Outer Bank.

25:37

The boat, captained by Richard Grenville,

25:40

unbeknownst to Master Lane and the

25:42

recently vacated colonists, had

25:45

been sent by Walter Raleigh, packed

25:47

with supplies to assist them.

25:51

Having made his way to the fort on Roanoke,

25:53

Grenville was devastated to find the

25:56

place had been completely abandoned and

25:58

smashed up beyond recognition. After

26:02

mounting a quick search on the mainland, Grenville's

26:05

men capture a Secotan tribesman,

26:07

who in broken English, explains

26:10

that the colonists had been taken away

26:12

by a large number of ships. Though

26:16

relieved that the colony had not been murdered,

26:18

Grenville is loath to give up on the settlement

26:21

after Lane's men had occupied it for so

26:23

long. Choosing

26:26

fifteen men of his own and placing

26:28

them under the order of a man named

26:30

Master Coffin, Grenville

26:32

demanded that they take up command of

26:34

the Roanoke fort immediately. The

26:38

men were given enough supplies for two years,

26:41

as well as four cannons and some

26:43

muskets to defend themselves, and

26:47

with that Grenville was

26:49

gone and the Roanoke

26:52

Colony was reborn. For

26:54

the moment at least. You've

27:00

been listening to part one of Unexplained,

27:02

Season four, episode thirteen, Lost

27:06

in Stormy Visions. Part

27:08

two will be released next Friday, August

27:11

ninth. If

27:17

you enjoy listening to Unexplained and would

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like to help support us, you can now go

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to Unexplained podcast dot com

27:23

forward slash support.

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All donations, no matter how large

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or small, are massively appreciated.

27:32

All elements of Unexplained are produced

27:34

by me Richard McClain Smith. Please

27:37

subscribe and rate the show on iTunes,

27:39

and feel free to get in touch with any thoughts

27:42

or ideas regarding the stories you've heard

27:44

on the show. Perhaps you

27:46

have an explanation of your own you'd like to share.

27:50

You can reach us online at Unexplained

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