In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic and protests following the death of George Floyd exposed long-standing equity issues in health care. Patients of all races, genders and religions sought more equitable care while health care workers asked for more inclusiveness and respect in the workplace. 

In the meantime, a business case for health equity began to emerge. According to one study, the U.S. economic output would increase by $2.7 trillion annually if race-based disparities within the health care system were addressed. Health care leaders have taken notice of the need to improve health equity. But it's an enormous challenge and prioritizing measures is no easy task. 

So how much has changed regarding health equity in the last 18 months? Here to explain what's happening is Joy Fitzgerald, Chief Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Officer with UnitedHealth Group.