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0:47

Hide any A Alex have you ever heard

0:50

of through the printing. Yeah, of course there's

0:52

so much hype about that a few years ago.

0:54

Yeah, Right? Like have you ever used to three

0:56

to print early to have anything made from pretty

0:58

printing? I've never used. One but I do have

1:00

like some boxes and stuff that were made with

1:03

three. the printer. And. What have you look

1:05

like? They're plastic and

1:07

there's lots of ridges. On It

1:09

because they build everything and layers over and over

1:11

and over again. Kind of like a with on

1:13

your Something Epic Records. So this

1:15

idea of depositing a material

1:18

in layers. Make. Sense for like

1:20

little things that we have at home right? that

1:22

hype around you know we're going to have one

1:24

of even every home haven't really come to pass

1:26

right? right? No Star Trek replicators? Not

1:28

yet. But it turns out there

1:31

is a really useful place for this

1:33

kind of technique which is in manufacturing.

1:35

So the technical term is additive Manufacturing.

1:37

Roka and some people are saying that

1:39

additive manufacturing could actually transforming entire industry

1:41

like a could lay the foundation for

1:43

what they're calling the factory of the

1:46

Future. Pretty. Printing works

1:48

differently than other methods for making stuff,

1:50

so unlike casting or molding which happens

1:52

when a material is placed inside or

1:54

round, something else or three, D deposits

1:56

layers of a material like plastic or

1:58

metal on top of. Can.

2:01

I know hobbyist do still use

2:03

treaty printers Machines like the a

2:05

much wider applications there used to

2:07

make parts for cars. Medical.

2:09

implants like Keith, and even

2:11

parts for commercial airplanes. And.

2:14

Aura a Stir is t across. We

2:16

have replaced a lot of conventional polymer

2:18

parts and was edited so many such

2:21

in simply because it's cheaper. That

2:24

fuck assaults he overseas additive manufacturing

2:26

research and technology at the Airbus.

2:29

Airplanes are, of course, complicated

2:31

and sophisticated. Pieces of technology so

2:33

the company can't Three different everything but

2:35

you might have written in a plane

2:37

that you just really printed parts. Were.

2:41

Also metal parts and always who

2:43

sixteen specifically in the doors and

2:45

when I say metal this means

2:47

titanium actually so it's a high

2:49

strength and there's a very good

2:52

use case and mechanism that's opening

2:54

and closing basically the doors and

2:56

this pottery could make it so

2:58

to present later. so cheaper and

3:00

manufacturing. This. Technology has also become

3:03

big money and the years since it

3:05

became popular with hobbyists. The. Market

3:07

for three D printing materials was about

3:09

seventeen billion dollars and twenty twenty two.

3:12

And. It's expected to grow to nearly

3:14

a hundred billion dollars or twenty thirty

3:16

two, according to market research firm Precedence

3:18

Research. It's biggest impact on

3:21

the future may not be those Star Trek

3:23

style replicators in our homes like we were

3:25

promised. Instead. It may be

3:27

changing how we mixed. But

3:30

the technology is still fairly new and

3:32

engineers are still figuring out how best

3:34

to use three printing and for what.

3:36

From the last return on, this is

3:39

the future of everything. I'm Alex Avila

3:41

and I'm Danny Louis. Today we're looking

3:43

at how additive manufacturing could change the

3:46

way we make everything from airplanes to

3:48

cars to houses and how the technology

3:50

could make them more quickly. And Celeste

3:53

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viking.com. I

4:31

recently paid a visit to Rutgers

4:33

University in New Jersey where I

4:35

met with Rajiv Malhotra. Malhotra studies

4:37

new ways to manufacture things, including

4:39

with three, the printing and he's

4:41

showing me this wild thing one

4:43

of his graduate students has put

4:45

together. This is a

4:48

access is y axis and a z. Axis and

4:50

this is mounted on a roomba.

4:53

right? The a little roomba

4:55

but a mutant one. Picture.

4:57

A black disk with a bunch of exposed

5:00

circuit boards on top of it, along with

5:02

a spool of bright blue plastic fiber that

5:04

plastic seeds into the nozzle of a three

5:06

the printer attached to the back of the

5:09

robot vacuum. So. It leaves a trail

5:11

behind it as it trundles around on top of

5:13

a medal table. Not. Everything went

5:15

according to plan though. The. Roomba

5:17

started moving but the printer wasn't

5:19

working. Down

5:24

right now I've been Nesterovic is one

5:26

of Malhotra graduate students. here

5:31

of hop and are able to maneuver

5:33

without any issues. A

5:35

few minutes and one internet cable later,

5:38

the roomba was ready to print. Finding

5:45

out where it is, It

5:47

is touching the base and point where I'm

5:49

that it's going to start. Consistent

5:52

as much. As

5:55

we watched the roomba drove on top of

5:58

the square of bright blue plastic about two

6:00

feet long on each side. It

6:02

was about as thick as a couple of credit

6:04

cards and was made from the same stuff coils

6:06

up on that spool attached to the robots back.

6:09

As. The roomba slowly moved onto the square,

6:11

more that plastic was laid down behind

6:13

it on top of the sheet. Kind

6:16

of like a slime trail left by snail. Plus.

6:19

Lead was printed, one little mobile on the

6:21

table and the second live was printed. it

6:23

climbed back. And is printed at.

6:25

Night. Momma. Just

6:28

as the reason for the roomba

6:30

is to make additive manufacturing more

6:32

adaptable, he says a mobile printer

6:34

that isn't constrained by a box

6:36

could allow future printers to build

6:38

larger and more complex objects. Wanna

6:41

make them bigger and bigger? Meeting the machine

6:43

bigger and bigger. Vivid eventually will make something

6:45

the size. It's roots. You have to buy

6:47

something. Bit of industry has hundreds of thousands

6:49

of dollars. In fact,

6:52

sides with the limitation that Haka shots

6:54

in charge of additive manufacturing airbases said

6:56

with something that could make this technology

6:58

more useful for his company in the

7:00

future. The. Technology makes a lot

7:03

of advancements. Machines are getting bigger

7:05

and more productive, so additive manufacturing

7:07

becomes more and more robust, becomes

7:09

more and more and stand the

7:11

technology and it's more and more

7:13

easy to implement. It. This.

7:15

Is something that lots of companies are

7:17

experimenting with in their industrial processes minus

7:19

the room bus. Being.

7:22

Able to use a bunch of three

7:24

printers to make lots of small parts,

7:26

whether they're prototypes, molds, or tools for

7:28

factory workers to use. One. Of

7:30

those companies his forte. The. Maker

7:32

of the Mustang and the F. One fifty. When.

7:36

Our clients here in North America.

7:38

we have probably over seventy three

7:41

print to help make ergonomic aids

7:43

operators to hold pops in a

7:45

better way to get higher quality

7:47

to use for spare parts for

7:50

equipment. And they can do it

7:52

very quickly and they can you to receive li

7:54

prototype. That's. Adrian Price.

7:57

Easy Executive Director for Global

7:59

Manufacturing Engineer. The Ford Motor Company.

8:02

He. Says the Automaker has been using Three

8:04

Be Printing to design and produce cars for

8:06

decades. If. You go back to

8:08

the value chain. Every Ford model that

8:10

we make in North America. That.

8:13

Car was either touched by a sweetie

8:15

pretty pop or a sweetie printed part

8:17

was used to develop the prototype for

8:20

it. Or. As reedy printed part was

8:22

used to make a tool to help make it.

8:25

Price. As Three Printing Corp Additive

8:27

Manufacturing whatever you want to call it,

8:30

Is becoming a larger part of the factory

8:32

line. But. There are some

8:34

challenges. this technology still nice overcome.

8:36

One. Of the things that were working on

8:39

obviously is, how do we scale that

8:41

and get it way more efficient at

8:43

much higher production volumes? How do we

8:45

get to three hundred and seventy five

8:47

thousand parts coming out of the process

8:49

right? Cost efficient way. For. The

8:51

most part price as forty is a standard

8:53

three d printers. For. Large projects.

8:55

The company's engineers often make multiple parts

8:58

and stick them together. Records.

9:00

Professor of Achievement hooks us as the

9:02

Roomba project is one way to solve

9:04

the problems of speed, size, and efficiency.

9:07

Good idea. To

9:10

six years is to be able to

9:12

say he have an army of these

9:14

three four five of these working together.

9:17

To be small, small that is such

9:19

a small. Small sections add up to

9:21

bigger pipes and not all of them

9:23

working together. So that now

9:26

you can build a. Heart

9:28

that is bigger than each individual

9:30

robot on each individual additive manufacturing

9:33

the ship. If multiple printers

9:35

mounted on a room bus or something

9:37

like them. Can. Work together on

9:39

something larger than themselves. That. Could

9:42

open the gates to larger and more

9:44

intricate three d printing projects. Turning.

9:46

Each robot into what Malhotra calls a

9:49

tiny factory. And. Whether you're

9:51

building a tool to make a car

9:53

parts or the part itself, Malhotra says

9:55

additive manufacturing has the potential to be

9:57

a lot more precise. Lasagna,

10:00

The good example of additive manufacturing

10:02

actually read be few I'd sees

10:04

you are tomato sauce and all

10:06

of that rights three months same

10:08

thing in added many sanctioning. We

10:10

can add different materials the different

10:12

layers of different locations. We can

10:14

leave. Space as out live, we don't

10:16

need them. And. Set of

10:18

carving a solid block of metal to make

10:20

a mold for a tool. For example, a

10:22

three pointer or a team of robots could

10:25

just make the tool itself. Saving.

10:27

Time, Materials and money.

10:30

On. The flipside. Relying. On just

10:32

one machine could mean big problems if

10:35

something breaks. One. Of the

10:37

issues with additive manufacturing is there's

10:39

a lot of chances for to

10:41

go wrong. Right? You're adding material

10:43

point by point. If you're adding

10:45

fifty thousand points than a good

10:47

gambler, know how many chances you

10:49

have of screwing that up? Rice.

10:52

A lot bigger part Beagle

10:54

France. And potentially losing time

10:57

and money that three printing was supposed to

10:59

save in the first place. To.

11:01

Prevent a three d printed object from

11:03

falling apart like a poorly made lasagna.

11:06

Malhotra. Showed me another project one of his

11:08

graduate students is working on. A

11:10

device that acts like a self correcting

11:12

inkjet printer. Of

11:17

the status Assess assess.

11:21

It. Was a really small error. But.

11:23

As we was on a close up camera scream.

11:25

A. Gap. A fraction of an inch appeared

11:28

between two lines of plastic. Attend

11:32

the properties of the dogs right?

11:34

It's a don't want to know

11:36

it's correct itself. As we

11:38

spoke. The. Gap sealed up. The.

11:40

Freshly printed plastic was once again being

11:42

laid directly next to the previous line.

11:46

This. Was just a demonstration, but Malhotra says

11:48

even a small error could permanently week

11:50

and a three d printed object. You're

11:53

putting pieces of lasagna on top of each other's

11:55

You need the cheese to stick their to begin

11:57

to be right if you don't have it and

11:59

then you'd start. The read it. it's like a

12:01

bad sandwich just for the past. That.

12:03

Same inset printer has other abilities

12:06

to. A rak that allows

12:08

for up to fourteen different nozzles to be

12:10

used at once, unlike conventional thirty printers, would

12:12

only have. Malhotra. Showed me

12:14

a few different objects the students had made with this

12:16

device. Multicolored. Objects made

12:18

from a variety of plastic filaments.

12:21

Each. Of these, the others

12:23

corresponds to a difference. Extruders

12:25

Two different printer said that

12:27

I did one section Luzon

12:29

section Bronzes All of them

12:32

are printed Epicenter. Just

12:34

like a home printer has separate cartridges for

12:36

different kinds of that. Making.

12:38

A three The printer that can mix

12:40

different materials the same way an inkjet

12:42

printer mixes different colors. Could be a

12:44

step towards having a single printer that

12:47

can make complex parts out of multiple

12:49

materials all in one go. The key

12:51

is to be able to do it.

12:53

Didn't enough scale. For

12:55

different applications with enough materials you

12:57

did of control. We need

12:59

to be able to do this across the

13:01

board. Or. When Ford can make

13:03

an added the remaining factored engine. En.

13:06

Masse then added to would realize it's to

13:08

pay. For. Now though,

13:10

Price. The Ford engineer said his company

13:13

is mostly looking at the future of

13:15

thirty printing and making small components and

13:17

tools not entire engines, but engine parts.

13:20

There's a limited amount of materials that

13:22

we can print at this point. some

13:25

more materials with broader properties because you

13:27

know. Reason why we use

13:29

allotted for materials in automotive in

13:31

Africa vehicles as we need for

13:34

specific property of that particular material

13:36

based on what is function is

13:38

right from in Syria parties sits

13:40

on to a suspension component pot

13:42

has to be very lightweight and

13:44

but also very robust. Plus.

13:47

He says additive manufacturing just isn't fast

13:49

enough for a company like Fort. If.

13:52

You take an F One fifty. Were

13:54

making one of those every fifty eight

13:56

seconds, right? So that's a lot of

13:58

volume A traditional manufacturing methods work. There

14:00

are those kind of things and so to

14:02

me this is more about you know, picking

14:04

the right tools. For. The job right.

14:06

Can't eat soup with a fork and in

14:09

the same way we have to think about

14:11

what is the right tools that get us

14:13

the most efficient. But. Some

14:15

researchers are already trying their hand at

14:17

some larger scale applications and making a

14:20

factory of the future. They sing consoles

14:22

These challenges. Alex has more

14:24

on how that could work after the break. Believe.

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14:59

Term Supply. In

15:09

aura know mean there's a house unlike any

15:11

other I've ever. Seen. Since

15:16

a fairly small one bedroom. About six hundred

15:18

square feet. With kids and living

15:20

room and bathroom. It's got a front

15:22

porch and lots of natural light. Oh,

15:25

that is pretty normal, but there

15:27

are details to give away it's

15:29

uniqueness. Like it's distinct curved walls

15:31

and ceilings. And they're made of

15:34

a woody material that I've never

15:36

seen before, this ridged and deposited

15:38

in layers. Prepared. High

15:40

school students work in the com industry in the

15:42

same week that I can live in this I

15:45

won't one are gonna get one of these. Sets.

15:47

Up A Dagger The Director of the Advanced

15:50

Structures and Composite Center at the University of

15:52

Maine. What's extra special about this home

15:54

he says is that it was. Three printed with

15:56

would fiber and bio. Weapon with all the

15:59

whole gullible. That are. Eventually Hopes to

16:01

be able to print one of these houses

16:03

in about Thirty eight and co printing to

16:05

someone took a lot longer. Once the pieces

16:07

are done, they can be ships and quickly

16:09

put together. To. Be screaming you get to

16:11

the house is her for the resembling the house or

16:13

a day and you don't. Be.

16:15

A Pdf goal of structures like these as. to

16:17

address a housing shortage going on in the

16:19

state. but that's not the only big thing

16:22

being made at the Composite. Center they

16:24

produced. A boat that actually floats.

16:26

Molds, For blades for offshore wind mills.

16:29

Even floor systems for high rise

16:31

buildings. Remember. How we talked

16:33

about large scale additive manufacturing. This is

16:35

where some of that is actually happening.

16:38

To printed stuff of course you need

16:40

a really big printer. The. One

16:42

at the University of Maine is the biggest

16:45

in the world. I got to see it

16:47

in action. actually. I stood inside it. To.

16:49

Give you a sense of just how big

16:51

it is. The printer is designed to print

16:53

objects as long as a hundred feet so

16:55

about to school buses and and and as

16:57

wide as twenty two feet which is a

16:59

little more than the with of to school

17:01

buses next to each other. It's a little

17:03

hard to hear Dagger here because we were

17:05

standing inside the printer. The

17:08

position for. Of. The

17:10

positions of food. Do

17:13

you work for those? The job as

17:15

a tool rather than under. The.

17:18

University of Maine Composite Center is

17:20

already using this treaty printer to

17:22

make things on behalf of clients

17:24

which include architecture firms and Us

17:26

governments. It inside of one

17:28

city. Has admitted

17:30

to go for a smoking

17:33

section of the city fitting

17:35

with the the way to

17:37

go by having most of

17:39

the section focuses about meeting

17:41

together. He. Is the key

17:43

to getting ready to the. Citizen.

17:45

Is what dagger cause The Factory of the

17:47

Future. Say. You have a factory that

17:50

makes parts for an airplane instead of having

17:52

one machine that does just one thing. The

17:54

vision for the factory of the future is

17:56

that each machine can do multiple things. That.

17:59

Only possible. With a lot of

18:01

feedback and communication between various instruments

18:03

working together. So. This is

18:05

a closed loop manufacturing process where

18:07

you pretty something you're sensing at

18:10

the same time the selling the

18:12

information the computer. And in

18:14

ai system comes back and say we're we're met

18:16

were going to fix this poses a problem and

18:18

it on it with over and a boyfriend for

18:20

more events. And muttered gap.

18:23

Status. As the university has raised

18:25

eighty one point five million dollars to

18:27

construct. The Statuary of the Future and will

18:29

be breaking ground later this year. And

18:32

he's as a lot is still don't know

18:34

yet like what kinds of materials that could

18:36

use and what industries it could make a

18:38

difference for. For. The first to

18:40

do with the sword scale and try

18:42

to really understand the opportunities as well

18:44

as the challenges to try to use

18:46

this technology and try to understand with

18:48

with the festival future cause not everything

18:50

can be friends with know that he

18:52

should be fitted at what can be

18:54

pretty much should be preserved and had

18:56

a presence of the challenges of classes.

18:59

For. Airbus hop assaults who we met earlier

19:01

suffer change like that could be a.

19:03

Big deal for it's manufacturing process

19:06

and it's Bottom Line: So

19:08

it could mean that to don't have

19:10

a big depots anymore was spare parts

19:12

for example. But you just produce on

19:15

demand, very flexible and it's a big

19:17

advantage of additive manufacturing twin resilient additive

19:19

manufacturing as an industrial resilient technology or

19:22

would say because it's very flexible. you

19:24

can use the same machine for lot

19:26

of different parts and so this is

19:29

a big big benefit. Those.

19:31

Shots as. A company has plans to

19:33

expand its use of treaty printing and the

19:35

future. it's still figuring out. When and how

19:38

to best use it. That's

19:40

especially true as the technology improves and

19:42

the people designing the machines. Figure

19:44

out how to do things like use new

19:46

materials and reduce waste. As.

19:48

Additive Manufacturing they she still are very

19:50

complicated technology and and expenses technology so

19:53

we would use it for something that

19:55

is very simple as he can know

19:57

do by sheet metal bending a simple

19:59

L brackets. You don't want

20:01

to princess that. A part that is

20:03

complex. it's integrates a lot of different

20:05

factions. Could. You see some

20:07

day a plan made entirely of.

20:09

Pretty printing, just the three different plane.

20:12

Since. Some they yes,

20:14

of course. I can imagine it's in

20:16

the near future and the next five

20:18

years, Ten years they're probably not. Airplanes

20:20

are still very complex and have a

20:23

lot of technologies to manufacture them. The

20:27

Future of Everything as a production of

20:29

the Wall Street Journal, Seventy Elgon frets

20:31

in the Editorial Director of the Future

20:33

of Everything. This episode was produced by

20:36

me. Alex Avila and me Danny Louis

20:38

are fact checker as a partner Nathan

20:40

Michael a vow and just a function

20:42

or are sound designers and wrote our

20:44

theme music. Cotton Mill Sauce is our

20:47

supervising producer. As clean

20:49

as our development producer. Not

20:51

fall Away and Chris Simpli or the deputy

20:53

editor and for lot of Harrison is ahead

20:56

of new audio for the Wall Street Journal

20:58

with the show Styrofoam and leave us a

21:00

five star review on a silver platter. And

21:03

for listening.