Max Holder, MSN, RN, CRNI, NE-BC, VA, BC and Karen Laforet, RN, MCISc, CCHN(C), VA-BC, CVAA(c) discuss how to identify sources of contamination which increase the risks of catheter bloodstream infection. They will address the clinical challenges associated with VAD maintenance that can impact outcomes and review the recommended guidelines, practices and evidence-based interventions for-MH VAD maintenance to aid with the reduction of BSI risk. They will also identify strategies for prevention of VA related bloodstream infection in patients.