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a saturday afternoon

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most anything hiking eleven

0:57

read , corner of washington state and green street

1:00

in new york city's greenwich village on

1:02

the eighth floor of the ass building where

1:04

employees of the triangle silly tiffany

1:06

as as we can eat know mean think think

1:09

ever popular simple get professional

1:12

button down women's last known

1:14

as the shirt the this is no this

1:16

enterprise occupying all

1:18

three of the ten story ask buildings top

1:20

floors the triangle shirtwaist company

1:23

both five shirtwaist plus workers

1:25

most our hundred ellis island arrival so

1:28

heavily italians ellis and almost

1:30

entirely seems just

1:32

as we look across the open work faith in

1:34

the eighth floor at the road tightly

1:37

packed in humming sowing seeds under southern

1:39

long form of cutting tables

1:41

it's predominantly women in teenage girls

1:43

tables are making everything you're offering now

1:47

for forty are about time to

1:49

close up shop workers are grabbing

1:51

their half hope and preparing to descend

1:53

at least eight if not all ten floors

1:55

to head home oh and it's saturday

1:58

night nothing more you

1:59

in only be happy day off tomorrow

2:02

like , as that end of the work week

2:05

the week the starting to set in monk

2:07

the eighth floor workers workers

2:09

one were trying to cross to samuel

2:13

, the sort

2:16

started grab the red pill

2:18

started the summer to see

2:20

another medium doesn't

2:25

he got to move quickly then this for

2:27

had over nine thousand square feet hubbard

2:29

with highly flammable com there

2:31

isn't square moment to lose seats

2:34

for stairwell has there whole samuel

2:37

yells prof before to shipping clerk louis sentiment

2:39

fluid get me the hosted the

2:43

hosts drawdown is louis type of thing is

2:46

for no water com clear

2:49

that there's no fighting fire samuel

2:52

yell for all believe they're feeding get out

2:55

every one of

2:57

your fairway for women

2:59

find fire passivity

3:02

other to the one he still goes

3:04

to washington on the one

3:06

of the , thought of

3:08

me owners max planck the feral pigs

3:11

such measures to guard is still

3:13

in the serial but he cannot get feral great way

3:16

, that amid the fear of green to death

3:19

and fucking from firmly against the inward

3:21

open doors open it

3:24

up in st louis ground

3:26

forces with hold

3:28

on to the actually you

3:31

don't know for sure but he gets the door opens

3:33

and women fly down the line there hero

3:37

you can descend at once many

3:39

, die for for ,

3:43

there are the elevator and thankfully some

3:45

and operator or twenty

3:47

seven year old italian immigrants so the

3:49

seat of of the the flames to

3:51

make as many trips as possible maximum

3:54

octopuses ten but amid the site

3:56

of women on fire to the cramps

3:58

up for

4:08

realize women or something out our

4:11

backs fearing

4:13

woman dies the boss other

4:20

amersham fire on the building your

4:23

it , doesn't the press

4:26

and to and to the first voice

4:28

of windows and really into the really on those

4:31

, building for those

4:34

fire for

4:37

the them factor

4:40

silver spring fire a fear

4:42

, and for as a

4:44

hot flow and not even

4:47

from a window at the sight of winning

4:49

girl filled with it's fair hearing

4:52

from the a story window people

4:54

are enough

5:07

the only minutes later firefighters arrived

5:10

maneuvering around bodies on the ground a

5:12

crank their ladders into the sky

5:14

the too short

5:16

the labs were made for normal six storey

5:18

buildings stuff these new steel been

5:20

skyscrapers firefighters

5:23

find the same problem with their hoses which can't

5:25

spray pasta seventy four

5:27

the damage

5:28

undaunted are rescuers trying to their

5:30

nets they never caught someone

5:32

from such sites it got

5:34

to try

5:36

a woman jumps to them

5:37

more a nap

5:40

wix right through the five mins

5:43

the be no thought there now lacerated

5:45

bloodied palms the firefighters

5:47

he got the next to keep trying the

5:50

don't want the

5:52

no hope of survival women

5:54

and girls fall like rain

5:56

and top floors i'm

5:59

humble hum

6:01

phone at human torches off

6:04

, on the street street films

6:06

take one last measure of

6:09

human comfort human the

6:11

hold their sister hold mother

6:15

and jumped gather to they are united

6:17

in certain the

6:20

blade as soon under control but

6:22

, too late late eighty

6:24

bodies my broken in the streets a

6:27

score fill the elevator shafts and

6:29

fifty more charge unrecognized

6:31

charge hearted fleece

6:33

me hearted silvers one

6:36

hundred repeat six were thirty

6:39

three men and boys and one hundred

6:41

eighty three women he

6:43

needs current

7:00

the world to see again and

7:03

again

7:22

the clock when chain

7:23

cobb seen at the triangle shirtwaist

7:25

factory sealed new yorkers with outrage

7:28

particularly as a recall these women had recently

7:30

gone on strike over unsafe working conditions

7:33

they were largely ignored now

7:36

they're dead

7:37

while much of the outcry focuses on workplace regulations

7:40

some come to a different conclusion

7:42

the become convinced that american women

7:44

need the ability to fight for themselves at

7:46

the ballot box that brings

7:49

us to how we pivot to today's tail the

7:52

long winding path to women's

7:54

suffrage the do it justice

7:56

for starting back in colonial america

7:59

will learn what legal right swimming hole in

8:01

the colonies

8:02

one calling a woman who allegedly does

8:04

vote and check out revolutionary new

8:06

jersey where women are in fact

8:08

voting that hear

8:10

the long past the women's suffrage starts to

8:12

wine new jersey disenfranchises

8:15

women and decades later will

8:17

bear witness as elizabeth cady stanton

8:19

susan b anthony sojourner truth

8:21

and others reignite the idea of women's

8:23

suffrage entering the late nineteenth

8:25

century or find the western territories

8:28

and states in franchising and even

8:30

he looking women get across

8:32

the nation will also meet ladies who are

8:34

leading the charge against women

8:37

suffered finally in

8:39

the twentieth century a rising generation

8:41

of british influenced marching protesting

8:44

hunger striking suffragists

8:46

will come to the for

8:47

this and more will eventually lead us

8:49

to a constitutional amendment guaranteeing

8:52

women the vote at the national level

8:55

i told you it's long past thou

8:57

shall we begin very good

9:00

in it's time to leave progressive era new york

9:03

then revisit colonial massachusetts

9:05

rewind

9:10

october thirtieth seventeen fifty six

9:13

and a small new england village of oxbridge

9:15

is in the midst of a town meeting history

9:18

, them stems from the same problem

9:20

currently plaguing all of british north america

9:22

america french and indian war aka

9:25

with seven years or for

9:27

two years this contest between the empire's

9:29

of france britain and their respective indigenous

9:31

allies has raised primarily in the

9:33

ohio country now the

9:36

province of massachusetts bay is asking

9:38

us wage for funds to help with the war effort

9:41

that , is what brings today's deliberations

9:44

and soon will require a vote from

9:46

the town's land of the men that

9:48

before these gents voice their will appoint

9:51

his race what about the cat family

9:53

i'm cathy , i attacked

9:56

isn't here sickness took

9:58

the former militia captain to the great worse

10:03

yet he caught them as eighteen year

10:05

old son caleb who fell ill and

10:07

died hazard college only a week or two

10:09

priors god rest both their

10:11

souls thus , task

10:13

family lox an adult male yet

10:16

as one of the wealthiest landowners in oxbridge

10:18

will bear much of the burden if the town

10:20

approves the tax tax that wouldn't

10:22

be right since everyone in british north america

10:25

knows that taxation as a gift from

10:27

the people or as one slogan

10:29

will they to put to no taxation

10:31

it representation sounds

10:33

like there's representation one answer to die

10:36

as widow videos must speak for her

10:38

family must the landholders spoke

10:40

with the crucial support landholders lydia tax

10:43

barely passes a forty

10:45

four year old widow just became the first woman

10:48

ever to vote and what

10:50

will become the united states of america

10:55

so the story goes

10:57

historians will later debate whether lydia really

11:00

voted or not but big

11:02

if true and besides how awesome

11:04

that we had a reason to mention the seven years' war

11:07

more than one hundred episodes into this podcast

11:10

joking aside with you story set

11:12

up an excellent question could

11:14

this happen given the legal status of

11:16

women and british north america that

11:18

figure that out the last

11:21

decades before the revolution colonies

11:23

more or less run with england's common law in

11:25

brief this means legal decisions by judges

11:28

set legal precedents that influence future

11:30

interpretations of the law

11:34

well within the body of precedents is

11:36

the doctrine of culture right

11:39

from the french word cool yeah t of which

11:41

means to cover covered your means

11:43

husband's cover conceal or absorb

11:45

their wives in a legal sense the

11:48

eighteenth century england's great legal thinker

11:50

sir william blackstone puts hi

11:53

marriage the husband and wife are one

11:55

person in law that is the

11:57

very been or legal existence of

11:59

the woman and it during the marriage

12:01

or at least incorporated and consolidated

12:04

into that of the husband

12:06

ah

12:08

the

12:08

legally economically and politically

12:10

speaking the whites individual identity

12:14

this appears what about an

12:16

unmarried woman sticking with friends

12:18

common law designates her as fun

12:20

so not covered by a man

12:23

these saw or single women

12:25

can own some property make contracts

12:28

own businesses they do not

12:30

vote not even those who are widows

12:33

in fact when a man dies the

12:35

land that would trigger voting rights the a state

12:37

doesn't transfer to his widow between air

12:40

son but in lydia

12:42

case for eighteen year old adult son caleb

12:45

has just though is that sufficient

12:47

cause for us to believe lydia voted

12:50

the roof off of historian j l bells

12:52

analysis it's not beyond the pale

12:54

that in this context the

12:56

townsman may have let wealthy

12:59

elite lydia way

13:01

bill has his doubts

13:02

i did too

13:04

what vote that makes heard the decision

13:06

makers feel a little tooth fairy

13:08

tale ask for historic event that's first

13:10

written record appears more than a century

13:12

later and eighteen sixty four at

13:15

the hand of attacked family to send in the last

13:18

further while her son caleb his dad

13:20

what about her older boy twenty three year old

13:22

josiah jr so

13:24

again did them in of oxbridge make

13:26

extraordinary decision to let newly widowed

13:29

and thus from so lydia vote well

13:32

, don't know if it's as out there as a certain

13:34

cherry tree tale from mount vernon but

13:37

i'm uncomfortable calling the fact

13:45

we do have other documented pre united

13:47

states steps towards women's rights

13:49

though and the most famous comes from abigail

13:51

adams we , on this episode

13:53

eight but here's a refresher in

13:56

early seventeen seventy six america's

13:58

original power couple john

13:59

abigail adams or states appeared nine

14:03

, for the independence vote in philadelphia

14:06

philadelphia holding down the for and war

14:08

torn massachusetts thus the

14:10

communicating through letters or when john

14:12

right about independents and right about nation which

14:14

abigail loves he

14:17

makes a revolutionary suggestion of are on

14:19

replying on march thirty first and

14:22

by the way in the new coat of laws

14:24

which i suppose we'll be necessary for you

14:26

to make i desire you would remember

14:28

the ladies and be more generous and favorable

14:31

to them than your ancestors the

14:33

not put such unlimited power in the hands

14:35

of the husband's remember all men

14:37

would be tyrants they could this

14:39

particular care and attention is not

14:41

paid to the ladies we are determined

14:43

to foment rebellion and will not hold

14:46

ourselves bound by any laws in

14:48

which we have no voice or representation

14:51

many historians question whether abigail

14:54

talking about women's suffrage the

14:56

vast majority of people women including

14:58

don't have women's suffrage on their radar yet

15:01

suggestions that this may be more of

15:03

a call for greater right and other protections

15:06

sorely lacking within the doctrine of coverage

15:08

her whatever her intention john's

15:10

response shows that he doesn't take this seriously

15:13

the tongue in cheek tone he replies that

15:16

wives are already the real masters not

15:18

the husbands and therefore

15:20

well

15:21

we know better than repeal are masculine systems

15:24

which would completely subjective to the despotism

15:26

up the petticoat

15:27

those com and yet

15:30

the spirit of seventy six is producing

15:32

women's suffrage in one state

15:37

on july second seventeen seventy six

15:40

the very same day the continental

15:42

congress votes in favor of independence

15:44

the jersey becomes the fourth state to establish

15:47

it's own independent from britain constitution

15:50

the fourth article describes voters as follows

15:53

quote the all inhabitants

15:55

of this colonies a full age who

15:57

are worth fifty pounds proclamation

15:59

the clear state in the same

16:02

shall be entitled to vote for representatives

16:05

and council and since

16:09

that habitats is a gender neutral

16:11

word wow the masculine pronouns

16:14

he is all over this document

16:16

excluded from this article on voting

16:19

which uses they

16:20

now the article does have a property

16:22

requirement which likely excludes

16:25

married women subject to coverage here

16:27

what the word in still open the door for

16:29

the single woman

16:30

the fan so

16:32

henson the to historians

16:34

will argue over donald you know

16:36

that several state constitutions use gender

16:39

neutral language

16:40

maybe delaware likewise says inhabitants

16:43

get the states don't grant women the vote

16:46

the other historians disagree they'll

16:48

argue the under the logic of no taxation

16:50

without representation it only

16:53

follow that as the head of her household

16:56

a console should vote and some

16:58

and revolutionary america surely see the

17:01

whatever new jersey intentions and seventeen

17:03

seventy six the state seventy nine

17:05

he lost the question the

17:08

only applies to seven of new jersey thirteen

17:10

counties all of which are heavily quaker

17:12

and federalist while describing

17:14

where a voter me ballot the seventy

17:16

nine the last says and i quote

17:19

he or she those

17:22

quotes he died in her second

17:25

in heaven he ninety the new jersey legislature

17:28

unequivocally describes the potential vote or

17:30

not only has he with

17:33

the word he

17:35

needed since ninety seven he

17:37

jersey extends it's clearly intentional

17:40

women's suffrage to author to county it

17:42

also digit the words clear est

17:45

on the property requirements

17:46

so does that mean all new jersey

17:49

women regardless of marital status have

17:51

the boat it sure sounds more justifiable

17:53

in any case the percentage of

17:55

women voting dramatically increases

17:58

despite whatever doubts historians

17:59

we're about abigail adams intentions when

18:02

writing to john all those years ago she

18:04

welcomes the news cheering her

18:06

country women in the garden

18:09

what my new jersey if , prefer

18:11

the same reason free blacks are voting here here

18:14

other states that tend to be solidly democratic

18:16

republican or federalists the garden

18:18

state split and parties are happy

18:20

to pick up any votes the can the

18:23

could be that federal insured only

18:25

women in their counties got their clear legal not

18:27

and seventy nine it's all republicans caught

18:29

up with them at up by seventy nine seventy

18:31

neither free blacks nor women will have the

18:34

vote for long here

18:35

the become scapegoats for any irregularities

18:37

in elections this is especially

18:40

true of essex county eighteen or seven

18:42

boat to decide whether elizabeth or

18:44

newark will become the new came seat

18:46

the voter fraud is so obvious the new

18:48

jersey state legislature rejects it altogether

18:51

then in october of that same year state

18:53

legislature does as many other states are presently

18:56

doing

18:57

it limits devote to quote

18:59

free white male citizens

19:02

com

19:03

the at the door closes on black voters

19:05

and various northern states

19:07

new jersey the loan american

19:09

state that had a franchise women

19:11

amid the revolution close the

19:13

door on both groups

19:18

little movement are visible agitation for women

19:20

suffer to scene for the next few decades

19:23

not until the eighteen thirty

19:25

you might recall from episode forty this is

19:27

a time with several social reform movements

19:29

like the abolition of slavery the alcohol

19:31

limiting is not ending temperance movement

19:34

a public education starts take off

19:36

that women at the forefront of much of this these

19:39

movements begin indirectly encouraging

19:41

women suffered for instance when

19:43

kentucky establishes a school system and eighteen

19:45

thirty eight that same law also

19:47

grants to states rural tax pain

19:49

found souls the right to vote on

19:51

issues related to taxation and education

19:54

sometimes it's the negative experiences within

19:57

the social movements that propel women's rights

19:59

and suffrage the civically i'm

20:01

referring to be eighteen forty london based

20:03

world anti slavery convention

20:06

even after elizabeth cady stanton and lucretia

20:08

mott travel all the way across the atlantic

20:10

to be there the men running the show vote

20:12

to exclude when lucrecia

20:15

lizzie are understandably so furious that

20:17

fury lead them to hold the united states

20:19

first ever women's rights convention in

20:21

eighteen forty eight at seneca falls new

20:24

york the gave you the details

20:26

on a cynical fall convention and episode forty

20:28

five here's a quick refresher held

20:30

at wesleyan methodist church in seneca

20:32

falls new york the convention attracts

20:35

roughly three hundred attendees the

20:37

to include a few men notably the

20:39

powerful or raider and silk emancipated

20:41

abolitionists frederick douglas the

20:44

convention votes to sign a document called

20:46

a declaration of sentiments the

20:49

had a very declaration of independence vibes

20:51

as it asserts that hope all

20:54

men and women are created equal those

20:56

close then continues with the list

20:59

of injuries and you sir patients not

21:01

afflicted by king a punk follies but

21:03

by men upon women

21:05

the convention also votes on eleven accompanying

21:07

they solutions

21:08

the fly through unanimously with the

21:10

exception of the night which makes the

21:13

guerin claim that women should have

21:15

the right

21:16

so while many women are prepared

21:18

to speak up for more rights than the doctrine

21:20

of coverage are currently affords them calling

21:23

for the vote that kills

21:25

too radical

21:26

the even for them the only with the

21:28

hard lobbying of elizabeth and frederick

21:31

that the night resolution passes

21:33

seneca convention is great success

21:35

it awful start a blossoming friendship between

21:38

elizabeth cady stanton susan b anthony

21:40

and frederick douglas natural

21:42

alignment between or cause after all

21:45

both groups seeking a civil rights

21:47

no one better illustrates this alignment

21:49

the know to fall in both groups black

21:52

american

21:53

and one black american woman is about

21:55

to make a big splash in the public sphere

21:59

it the morning of may

22:02

twenty nine eighteen fifty one for

22:04

, akron ohio attending the second

22:07

day of a women's convince convince

22:09

sin city something black woman rises

22:11

and address the audience she

22:13

says and part may i say

22:16

part may words

22:18

i want to see a few words about this matter i

22:21

am a woman's rights

22:23

have as much muscle as any man

22:26

and can do as much work as any man

22:28

the cloud and wreath incest

22:31

and soft and mode

22:33

can any man do more than that

22:36

for men seem to be all and confusion

22:39

and don't know what to do why children

22:42

if you have women's rights give

22:44

it to her and you will feel bad

22:46

you will have your own rights and

22:48

he won't be so much trouble

22:51

i can't read i can hear

22:53

i have heard the bible and have learned that

22:56

eve caused man since well

22:58

a woman upset the world do

23:00

give her a chance to set it right side up

23:02

again that how keen jesus

23:04

into the world

23:05

the god who created him and woman

23:07

who bore him

23:09

man where is your part the

23:12

women are coming up less a d

23:14

god and a few the men are coming

23:16

up with them a man is

23:18

in a tight please the poor slaves

23:20

on him woman is coming on him the

23:23

he surely between a hawk and a buzzard

23:26

invention president francis de gates

23:28

will produce a different version of the speech during

23:30

the civil war

23:32

in france is accounts speaker

23:34

a formerly enslaved new yorker named

23:36

sojourner truth somehow

23:38

had had his dialect as she asked

23:40

the audience

23:49

the fact the civil rights advances

23:52

with leaders like lizzie susan and frederick

23:54

fourteen friendships and alliances between

23:56

different signs overlapping assume

23:59

difficult

23:59

the priority

24:13

american scandals podcast from wondering

24:16

the takes you deep into the most infamous scandals

24:18

in american history to see what drives someone

24:20

to break the rules i loved show

24:23

it hosted by my dear friend and collaborator

24:25

or given a subject so i say

24:27

my partner in crime the podcast

24:30

are not sen lindsey graham you

24:32

know the background music in each tds yeah

24:34

that's lindsey's work so few enjoy my

24:36

story telling and style it's hard to imagine

24:39

you will enjoy lindsey's to

24:41

the upcoming season explores the unique

24:43

polarizing global impact of edward

24:45

snowden

24:46

this young in a say contractor leak

24:48

thousands of documents outlining secret

24:50

mass government surveillance did that make

24:52

him a hero patriot are a traitor

24:55

was he what made him take and how

24:57

did he get caught explore all

24:59

of this with my good friend lindsey graham

25:01

on american scandal listen to american

25:04

scandal snowden on apple podcasts

25:07

amazon music or you can listen ad free

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know joining one three plus and when dream

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in the last two weeks podcasting

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story killing his take me on the road

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new york

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it may twelve eighteen sixty nine more

26:24

than one thousand people mostly women

26:27

are gathered in new york city's gorgeous

26:29

new concert venue near union square

26:32

dine way hall this is

26:34

a meeting of the american equal rights association

26:38

for three years this organization has fought

26:40

to and franchise all american citizens irrespective

26:43

of race color or sex but

26:45

now yet to be ratified fifteenth

26:47

amendment has led some including elizabeth

26:49

cady stanton cady stanton if they

26:51

should support this amendment while it excludes

26:53

women these use harsh words

26:56

recently asserting that women should certainly

26:58

get the vote for won't

27:01

unwashed ditch diggers black boots

27:03

butchers and barbers freshman the plantations

27:06

of the south close quote so

27:09

, right now in fact stephen

27:11

fosters taking lucy to task questioning

27:14

her leadership in the organization the

27:16

to are arguing back and forth

27:20

finally the salt and pepper abolitionist

27:23

frederick douglass had enough

27:25

the right to speak there

27:28

is no name greater than that of elizabeth

27:30

cady stanton in the matter of women's rights

27:32

and equal rights

27:34

the my sentiments are tensed i

27:36

must say that i do not see how anyone

27:38

can pretend that they're the same urgency

27:40

giving the ballots woman to

27:42

the negro because the

27:45

matters a question of life and death when

27:47

women because they are women

27:49

are hunted down through the cities of new

27:51

york new orleans with their

27:53

drags on their houses and hung from lampposts

27:56

their children are torn from their arms and

27:58

airplanes gas down upon the pavement

28:01

when they are objects of insult enrage

28:03

at every turn when they are in danger

28:06

of having their homes burned down

28:08

then they will have an urgency to obtain

28:10

the ballot equal to our own avoid

28:13

, and crowd that

28:15

not true about black women

28:18

they to close down

28:20

yeah yeah yeah

28:22

it is true the black one not

28:24

because she's a woman or because

28:26

she's black standing

28:28

up for her dear friend susan b anthony

28:30

enters the free

28:32

douglas talks about the wrong the negro

28:34

but with all the outrageous that he

28:37

today suffers see would not exchange

28:39

his sex and take the place of elizabeth

28:41

cady stanton i

28:43

, to know if brand new the right of suffers

28:46

will change the nature of our success

28:49

with will see the sunni arab system

28:51

of woman he will play through where she

28:54

can earn her own blood

28:59

the debate rages on five

29:01

days and both groups feel

29:03

betrayed by the other the american

29:06

equal rights association collapses within

29:08

the next year

29:13

this post civil war era

29:15

that is

29:16

the reconstruction era there's an only

29:18

and the alliance between black leadership and

29:20

women's suffrage leadership that

29:22

awful splits the women's suffrage movement elizabeth

29:25

cady stanton and her friend susan b anthony

29:27

take a hard one feeling betrayed

29:30

establish the national women's suffrage

29:32

association or the end of usa

29:35

which does not support the fifteenth amendment the

29:37

end of you as a focuses on federal action

29:40

seeking a constitutional amendment to a

29:42

franchise women meanwhile

29:44

less radical suffragists like lucy

29:46

stone and her husband henry brown

29:49

blackburn formed the american women's

29:51

suffrage association or the a

29:53

w essay this more moderate

29:55

group includes men supports the fifteenth

29:58

amendment and focuses it's

29:59

in on state legal action

30:02

i know the names are similar

30:04

if that's throwing you just think of major league

30:06

baseball

30:08

the mlb has the national an american

30:10

leagues women's suffrage has the national

30:12

and american association

30:14

the

30:17

let's see how each association does

30:20

early on the more moderate a

30:22

w as a strategy seems more

30:25

promising particularly out west

30:28

and sixty nine the same year of the

30:30

organizations creation the territory

30:32

of wyoming and franchises women and

30:34

eighty seventy the territory further

30:36

makes history when wyoming resident esther

30:39

hobart morris becomes the first woman to

30:41

serve as justice of the peace in the modern world

30:44

senior the utah territorial

30:46

legislature voted unanimously to enfranchise

30:49

women which allows you time sarah

30:51

young to become the first american woman to cast

30:53

a ballot under a modern women's suffrage

30:55

law many americans are happy

30:57

about women's suffrage newton assume

31:00

that the territories women will use the ballot box

31:02

to strike out against the polygamous teachings

31:04

of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints

31:07

or mormon church they don't

31:10

such when congress clamped down on mormon

31:12

polygamy and eighteen eighty seven with the

31:14

edmunds tucker act it also strips

31:16

the franchise from utah women that

31:19

leads to conundrum for the nation's suffragists

31:22

they want suffers for you to non mormon

31:24

women certainly

31:26

the aren't so sure about mormon women for

31:28

now fierce advocate of suffrage and

31:30

polygamy

31:31

the uncomfortable work continues

31:34

and a question settles when as we

31:36

learned in the last episode you to my dominant

31:38

sauce officially and polygamy and eighty

31:40

nine

31:41

but seem to allow further polygamous

31:43

unions doesn't end those marriages are families

31:46

already in existence

31:47

which leads to a serious situation when

31:50

utah becomes a state and women's suffrage

31:52

is restored and eighty ninety six

31:54

that same year martha huge cannon

31:57

a welsh immigrant start suffragist

31:59

and good morning to the look into

32:01

the new you to think legislature

32:04

the martha format he has

32:06

a friend's collar becomes the first

32:08

american woman to serve as a state senator

32:11

and among the candidates the polygamous woman's

32:13

defeated is her own husband

32:15

angus this

32:17

unique drama please out in utah women

32:19

continue dating the vote out west there

32:22

are few reasons for this but an overarching

32:24

one is that he states are trying to attract

32:26

more settlers including one

32:28

colorado enfranchises women and eighty

32:30

ninety three or idaho does to and eighty

32:33

nine six a , ahead

32:35

of ourselves ourselves been going on

32:37

back east securely with

32:39

elizabeth cady stanton and susan

32:41

began these individual thing

32:47

during the same decades the end of usa

32:49

is focused on the national site

32:51

rather than seek a new amendment though susan

32:54

b anthony and others are first trying to argue

32:56

that the fourteenth amendment already grants

32:59

women's the right to vote that's

33:01

true that is first of the reconstruction amendments

33:03

speaks of male citizens in it's essentially

33:06

three says compromise repealing section

33:08

two looking to fetch in one

33:10

the strong jaw bespectacled woman argues

33:13

that the right to vote is inherent to the rights

33:15

of citizenship by this logic

33:18

members of the end of usa all over the country

33:20

including susan ourself register

33:22

to vote in eighty seventy two which

33:25

by the way is the same year that

33:27

victoria would have technically becomes

33:29

the first woman to run for us president

33:32

susan even successfully both in new york

33:35

these promptly arrested and find one hundred

33:37

dollars the never pays

33:40

the rest garners national attention some

33:43

large susan's resolve others marker

33:45

attempt in radicalism meanwhile

33:48

missouri's virginia minor who's

33:50

led the charge and women trying to vote this year

33:52

is when she's denied to vote she

33:55

and her supportive husband press the case all

33:57

the way up to the us supreme court and eating seventy

33:59

five

34:00

core it and having it

34:02

scotus rules in minor v half percent

34:04

that us citizenship does not be stowed

34:06

the right have suffered the end

34:08

of usa continues it's national site

34:11

and eating seventy eight women's suffrage

34:13

constitutional amendment is even introduced

34:15

in congress they defeated

34:18

and frankly neither are the to women's

34:20

suffrage association sees much movement in

34:22

the next decade

34:23

perhaps then it's time to reunite

34:26

the fractured women's movement

34:28

encouraged by new generation of younger suffragists

34:31

the to associations matriarch to bury

34:33

their to decade old hatchet need to

34:35

nine

34:36

the more moderate states oriented

34:38

american women's suffrage association

34:40

or the aid of usa and the more

34:43

radical amendment focus national

34:45

women's suffrage association or

34:47

the end of usa merged their names

34:49

and ideas as the national american

34:52

women's suffrage association

34:54

for nasr not

34:56

the will work the state and federal level

34:59

as for the division first caused by the fifteenth

35:01

amendment that's largely handled by

35:03

ignoring the issues facing the black new

35:06

as jim crow laws cut away at the black

35:08

male vote naso won't into

35:10

the fight

35:11

then years before black women

35:13

following in the stats the now deceased sojourner

35:16

truth like a young i to be wells

35:18

are stuck between a rock and hard place elizabeth

35:22

cady stanton serves as not says first

35:24

president

35:25

he does so more symbolically though allowing

35:27

her dear old friend susan b to drive

35:29

the organization which is and will

35:31

continue to do during her own presidency

35:34

the ceiling or union under these pioneering

35:37

aging leaders doesn't mean all

35:39

as well for one and severance

35:41

with so many women still oppose it

35:47

the heard that correctly the days

35:49

of lydia attached to those of abigail

35:51

adams and on the fight for women's suffrage

35:53

has only been against unsupported men but

35:56

against unsupportive women elizabeth

35:58

cady stanton complaints quote

36:00

the contempt with which women themselves

36:02

regard the movement

36:04

quotes

36:05

the time of the nineteenth amendment passage

36:08

future nasr president carry chat

36:10

and cat was made that about one

36:12

third of women supports suffered another

36:14

third oppose it

36:15

lava last third is indifferent

36:18

yet even those figures will be an improvement

36:20

right now and the eighty nineties

36:23

there are arguably sistine thousand

36:25

organize suffragists across the whole

36:27

united states compare that

36:29

to twenty thousand organized anti

36:31

suffragists in the state of new york

36:34

alone

36:35

wow

36:36

sadly the sister against sister

36:39

fight is sometimes quite literal

36:41

take for instance the nathan sisters

36:43

modern and both are strong

36:45

women from the same sephardic jewish new

36:47

york family yet by the eighty

36:50

nineties they could not disagree more on women's

36:52

suffrage god speaks at pro

36:54

suffrage gatherings addresses the state

36:56

legislature and a tense international suffrage

36:58

meetings while her sister annie who

37:01

the founder of new york city's first liberal arts

37:03

college for women's barnard college

37:05

is publishing hundreds of letters to the editor

37:07

criticizing the women's suffrage movement the

37:10

to elite new york sisters were publicly exchange

37:13

verbal and written blows over suffers for

37:15

years to come

37:16

i know

37:17

the twenty first century viewpoint this

37:20

is nuts how does an educated

37:22

smart strong willed woman like any

37:24

not support women's suffrage or

37:27

give another example how does the brilliant

37:29

muckraking reporter the woman

37:31

who took down the man john the rockefeller

37:34

in episode one thirteen yes

37:36

either tarbell

37:37

struggle

37:38

the idea women's suffrage well

37:41

i can't speak perfectly for either of them the

37:43

we can get into the main anti suffragist

37:45

arguments first

37:47

and foremost are the gender norms of today that

37:50

museum curator and author jessica

37:52

d jenkins puts it quotes

37:55

most people saw life as two distinct

37:57

house with mean ideally suited

37:59

by nature to

37:59

public life while women range

38:02

in the home their introduction into

38:04

the political ring would mean chaos in both

38:06

spheres

38:07

com

38:08

that one quote sums up it's just about every

38:11

anti suffrage political cartoon i've

38:13

ever seen which often mocked suffragists

38:15

and a ride them for destroying the home for

38:18

example one depicts a man in

38:20

an apron on his knees cleaning

38:23

as his wife pinches his ear and task

38:26

captioned as follows

38:28

quote my wife's doing to suffrage

38:30

movement

38:31

suffering ever

38:35

the second issue for anti suffragists as

38:38

the perception that women's suffrage his radical

38:40

the number of suffragists support other ideas

38:43

seen as friends are dangerous

38:44

socialism free lot or

38:46

the example we got a little earlier outlast

38:49

polygamous mormonism many

38:51

respectable women condemn woman suffrage

38:53

as bad by association finally

38:56

some anti suffragist women would tell

38:58

you that using the masculine

39:01

ballot box would actually cost them power

39:04

women's , have been influencing social

39:06

issues for decades and elite educated

39:08

area date women can wield enormous

39:11

soft power even over politicians

39:14

politicians fear women's suffrage may threaten their

39:16

as they put they in direct influence

39:20

it's likely for some for all of these reasons

39:22

that some months after that tragic

39:24

fire at the triangle shirtwaist company

39:27

one and i suffer just leader is organizing

39:29

on a national level

39:34

in november twenty nine eleven

39:37

and a group of women is gathered in one of the sauce

39:39

homes inside the new red brick twelve

39:41

story luxury apartment building at

39:43

five sixty three part that in new

39:45

york city this , the home of

39:47

just seems rule dogs and as

39:49

for home suggests suggests slouch

39:52

the daughter of daughter former us minister to

39:54

russia study briefly at vassar

39:57

college before marrying her husband arthur

40:00

without josephine for

40:02

still , mrs aren't dot

40:05

is known for two things things

40:07

funding free daycare for the city's lower class

40:09

working class to fighting

40:12

against to suffered she

40:14

personally testified for the state legislatures

40:17

and lead a seat level and a suffered organization

40:20

that now with women from various states

40:22

gathered in her breath he can apartment the

40:24

city six year old green widow is

40:26

prepared old take a step today

40:29

she's organizing the national step

40:32

supposed to women's suffrage the

40:35

, began by selecting their leaders the

40:37

irony isn't lost them either but more

40:39

to the point they choose mrs robert

40:41

garrett of maryland is treasure in

40:43

our hostess mrs our daughters president

40:46

and with the reference to the pros suffragist yellow

40:48

flag the newly elected presidents

40:51

and describes what this organization flag mouth

40:54

we believe that political duties for women

40:57

interfere with the proper performance of

40:59

civic duties for which they are

41:01

peculiarly adapted and

41:03

women may maintain their independence

41:05

only by keeping out of politics and

41:07

away from the ballot box our national

41:09

association is brought into existence

41:12

combat the yellow peril women's

41:15

suffrage

41:16

it will follow the yellow flag and endeavor

41:18

to stamp out the pestilence

41:20

under mrs dodges leadership the

41:23

national association opposed women's suffrage

41:25

sees more than one hundred thousand women

41:27

join it's ranks with them first year as

41:29

, publishes pamphlets a newsletters that

41:31

number will swell the half a million for the decade

41:34

is out leaving the nation's almost exclusively

41:36

male legislators tillis three

41:38

half half contradictory messages

41:41

that receiving from minutes on in on

41:44

but it's not just the and has suffragists

41:46

having has games are rising generation

41:49

separatists are convinced that really

41:52

want me stronger

41:56

of those used across the atlantic

42:08

facebook is building tools to enhance

42:11

safety and security over forty

42:13

million people are using facebook's privacy

42:15

check up each month that's nearly sixty

42:17

times the population of

42:18

washington d c learn more

42:21

about

42:21

work ahead at facebook dot

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forward slash action

42:26

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dot com

43:03

it's almost twelve new march

43:05

third nineteen thirteen one

43:07

, before the inauguration of president elect

43:10

woodrow wilson wilson least five thousand

43:12

people possibly ten thousand and

43:14

almost exclusively almost are assembled

43:16

in are dc currently

43:19

this massive crowd is by the civil war

43:21

inspired cheeseman just a stone's

43:23

throw from a us capitol but

43:25

they're the here to stand there are preparing

43:27

to march through the nation's capital city march

43:30

cause of women's suffrage two

43:32

women on horseback of their suffrage at the on

43:35

jane , burleson their

43:37

i place warhol genius

43:40

grandma she jane i

43:42

know if the capital wearing

43:45

a golden found genius like a

43:47

horse woman is know a hole

43:49

in the unparalleled you all

43:51

of this is my careful design though

43:53

an eloquent and brilliant lawyer twenty

43:55

six year old is new national

43:58

corporate will be beauty

43:59

the point when

44:02

you're a , march

44:04

organizer out solid guess media

44:06

will keep the march more servers with dark

44:08

haired vibrant and as other

44:11

alice called it right but hey look

44:17

nine dance like a patriotic soon

44:19

as our grand marshal and a stunning

44:22

i nas know home right for with

44:24

and , and with the thousand pounds

44:27

pounds or the flow and representatives of the international

44:30

the canada australia

44:32

suffragists more ah there's chinese

44:34

george washington university student makes

44:36

wrong move riding afloat with her riding muscle

44:39

dethrone victor depictions

44:41

of the women's movement same of and subsequent

44:43

progress take no of the

44:45

subsequent rogue wearing new woman

44:48

at educated down rogue prison women in our

44:50

home then we see women from

44:52

various professions hotspot educators

44:54

librarians heard factory workers more

44:57

years hotspot this librarians even seen as actresses

45:00

see delegations phone amid

45:03

all the pageantry or perhaps actresses black

45:05

majority of whom are howard versus to

45:08

some organizers that since it to whom black citizens

45:11

to begin session for integration

45:13

when he joined a protected actually

45:15

white to i to be wealth problem

45:18

he had illinois know it's white

45:20

to the back we have about the

45:24

national men had women suffer as

45:27

well as some congressmen like representative

45:29

richmond hobson of alabama it's

45:32

a crazy some bold move given the deep south

45:34

strong anti woman suffered since fallen

45:37

conscience will cost

45:41

yellow and purple fan of source something

45:43

sound bands continue to play hundreds of

45:45

women are need for their ,

45:47

than twenty floats including one

45:49

with a large sign reading reading

45:51

demand an amendment to the constitution

45:54

of the united states in france sizing the women

45:56

of this century meanwhile

45:58

, of of mordor the half a million

46:03

that's what happens in the senator sessions senator

46:05

dig for presidential race

46:09

what the heck we start almost immediately avoid

46:12

held out where loading

46:16

and funny , join in reddit so

46:19

so not aware has expressed in the all the

46:21

time since one of the yeltsin

46:23

the my wife who

46:25

were war i were for silversmith

46:29

and professor stop and go grab

46:32

sub zero even grab

46:34

sub fine he

46:36

suffered johnson

46:38

the same here to after

46:41

an hour the military final

46:51

the massive march on washington d c

46:53

was as a buffalo evening news reports

46:55

the american women's suffrage movement quote

46:57

most elaborate demonstration history

47:00

those

47:02

it was smartly done no i

47:04

don't just mean the organizing i'm talking

47:06

about how signing the new president

47:08

in the media by holding at the day before his

47:10

inauguration the eighty nine as

47:12

nil holland who's femininity beauty

47:15

and grace contradict the anti suffragists

47:18

narrative of the new woman in a position

47:20

visible to the public and media the crushing

47:22

visually as they did with their tab

47:24

low or have no be born if

47:27

you're unfamiliar with the term that describes a

47:29

group of people striking a pose and freezing

47:31

like they're in a painting well a

47:33

group of classical guard women did this

47:35

on the treasury building steps depicting the

47:37

virtues in ideals americans often incision

47:40

as living women such as liberty peace

47:42

charity and of course personification

47:44

of us have a herself columbia

47:48

the press a all of this up to women's

47:51

suffrage is hitting a new stride as we into

47:53

the nineteen teens it needed it

47:55

that a single state bugs on the issue from eighty

47:58

ninety six until nineteen ten i'm

48:00

a target dead era sometimes called

48:02

the doldrums these years officer

48:05

the death of to lifelong leaders elizabeth

48:07

cady stanton who passed and ninety know

48:09

two susan b anthony who followed

48:12

in ninety six nineteen

48:14

ten women in the state of washington

48:16

obtained the vote california follow

48:18

the nineteen eleven and last year nineteen

48:21

twelve arizona kansas and organ

48:23

all gun onboard along with

48:25

for early adopters again wyoming

48:27

utah colorado in idaho that

48:30

brings us to nine states now where

48:32

women have the franchise oh

48:34

any nineteen fourteen two more western states

48:36

montana and nevada follow daddy

48:39

lot

48:40

that's going on

48:42

well women across the nation are pressing

48:44

the issue

48:45

some of the new found wind in the sales

48:47

of women's suffrage is due to to

48:49

young suffragists named alice paul

48:51

and lucy burns

48:53

they brought a british flair that adding some

48:55

punch to the american movement under

48:58

the leadership of emmeline pankhurst the

49:00

british based women social and political

49:02

union marxist so boxes in trump's

49:04

political meetings and chance themselves parlance

49:06

railings not to overstate

49:08

the that their greatest extreme some of

49:10

the suffragists known as militant

49:13

suffragists e bay resort acts of

49:15

arson and bombings we would

49:17

call terrorism in the twenty first century the

49:19

pilot is typically into property not people

49:22

the line is crossed occasionally

49:25

the a young present of the board of trade got

49:27

horse with the few years back you might

49:29

have heard of him the demons winston churchill

49:32

don't worry aus policy burnt

49:35

or not a casting any future world war two heroes

49:37

the was heading in the uk few years ago

49:40

they did become militant suffragists or

49:43

to introduce a word the british press likes to

49:45

used to be a little this particular crowd

49:47

the projects

49:48

the term will outlast intended insult

49:51

he , and got arrested several times

49:54

that's how they met actually under arrest

49:56

adeline depletions ninety nine

49:59

and windy

49:59

that way to imprisonment

50:02

they did it the pills suffragists at demanded

50:05

to be treated as political prisoners and went on

50:07

hunger strike

50:08

the hunger strikes resulted in force

50:10

feeding the no

50:12

official wants to be the guy who let a lady

50:14

di while in prison or ,

50:17

than acquiesce grantham political prisoners

50:19

status the powers that be resorted

50:21

to force feeding feeding do this

50:23

small team hold on and down

50:25

and saw the to have one nostril

50:28

until it's circles down her down

50:30

out power calls well power pumped

50:33

or the to be going through the nasal passage

50:36

it is exceedingly painful and only

50:38

less so as it has been withdrawn it

50:41

, went through it without the tears streaming

50:43

down my face and often known from

50:46

guns and and sometimes cried

50:48

aloud

50:50

between october and november nineteen oh nice

50:53

house and during this twice every

50:55

day so

50:57

that's the british experience alice paul

50:59

and lucy burns brought back to the united states

51:03

now for the record they aren't out to blow

51:05

anything about would be a huge

51:07

change of pace for quaker raised

51:09

the marking the demonstrates that

51:12

side of milton suffrage basically

51:14

what we'd call political activism in the twenty

51:16

first century

51:17

that spot

51:19

have a nineteen thirteen ones procession

51:21

and washington d c

51:26

allison lucy part ways with the national

51:28

american women's suffrage association or

51:30

nasr shortly after the procession

51:33

the young do as british suffragette

51:35

ways are just a bit much for this calmer well

51:37

established organization split

51:39

leads else and lucy to convert the congressional

51:41

union for women's suffrage into a full on

51:44

political party night and sixteen hobby

51:46

national women's party it's goals to convince

51:48

the women in states where they can votes for

51:50

politicians republican democrat

51:53

no matter who support a constitutional

51:55

amendment for nationwide woman suffrage

51:58

the also spread the word

52:00

this includes rain a weekly national newspaper

52:02

the suffragist and continuing to engage

52:04

the public with appearances and speaking tours

52:07

sadly his efforts lead to a tragic end

52:10

for our horse riding friend from the nineteen

52:12

thirteen women's procession the national

52:14

holland the party on a speaking

52:16

tour in early october nineteen sixteen

52:19

i know doesn't realize that the chronic exhausting

52:21

and irregular heartbeat she's recently experienced

52:24

or symptoms a pernicious anemia he

52:27

tried to power through but this catches

52:29

up with draft in a crowd

52:31

of the thousand at los angeles's blanchard

52:34

hall on october twenty third she

52:36

collapses than a month's time

52:38

it becomes apparent that the once strong and vital

52:41

i ness the woman whose horse

52:43

mounted image or later inspired the creation

52:45

of the superhero wonder woman exhausted

52:48

the last for life in the pursuit of women's suffrage

52:51

and as passes on november twenty third

52:53

newspapers speeches across the nation

52:56

compare her to tone of arts and culture

52:58

a soldier and a martyr

53:00

yet even amid the sorrow vein as

53:02

his passing november nineteen sixteen

53:04

brings noteworthy progress for women's suffrage while

53:07

women in most states still cannot vote montana

53:10

nonetheless he likes jeannette rankin as the nation's

53:12

first congress one

53:14

and it nineteen six fingers lady nineteen seventy

53:17

the national women's party turns at the pressure

53:19

on the president of united states

53:22

although woodrow wilson isn't opposed

53:24

women's suffrage on a state by state basis

53:26

he has supported a constitutional amendment

53:29

that isn't good enough for hours paul in the suburbs

53:32

we make the interview p

53:35

the first group ever ticket at

53:37

the white house

53:41

starting in january nineteen seventeen

53:44

banner carrying women become a constant site

53:46

at sixteen hundred pennsylvania avenue

53:49

k and for thirty pm six

53:51

days a week they stand in front

53:53

of the northern gates holding banners that

53:55

indict the president for not taking more action

53:58

on women's suffrage

53:59

when club

53:59

the last words of a nas mill holland

54:02

uttered before collapsing on skates

54:05

president wilson

54:06

how long must we wait for liberty the

54:09

two thousand or so women who rotate through

54:11

spearing these bannister mean civil an orderly

54:14

at most chaining themselves to the gates their

54:17

relative silence that results in their nickname

54:19

as silent sentinels

54:22

initially

54:23

the silent sentinels are tolerated well enough

54:25

that changes when the us census world war one

54:27

in april

54:29

many americans even some sympathetic

54:31

women's suffrage find these methods distasteful

54:34

with the nation at war prefer

54:36

not to president carry chapman cats approach

54:39

the support the war effort and show that women

54:41

are patriots you deserve the vote violence

54:44

since not continued though back

54:46

in the up the ante in june nineteen

54:48

seven seen as russian diplomats come to

54:50

the white house protesters folded sin

54:52

foot banner proclaiming that us is

54:54

quote not a democracy

54:57

quote

54:58

anti suffragists men and

55:00

women are incensed and spectators

55:02

scared the banished from the protesters hands

55:05

they'll and not answer by continuing show

55:07

up they have more banners

55:09

with more slogans like this

55:12

quote we shall fight for the things

55:14

which we have always held nearest our hearts

55:16

for democracy for the right of those who submit

55:19

to authority have a voice in their own governments

55:22

what

55:23

of course not which com verbatim from

55:25

the president's war speech justify an american

55:27

century and council

55:31

ancient continue to escalate police

55:36

arresting silent sentinels for obstructing

55:39

hum several others find themselves for

55:42

a judge fifteen or twenty five dollar fine

55:44

or sixty days in jail given those

55:46

options the british trained suffragist knows

55:48

exactly what to do

55:50

she and her suffragists sisters opt for

55:52

jail

55:53

the demand be treated as political prisoners then

55:55

go on a hunger strike then the

55:57

uk else and doors for speeding

56:00

he's move to a hospital for the insane meanwhile

56:03

more than thirty of her fellow silent sentinels

56:06

are sentenced to a genius aqua kwan workhouse

56:09

here the he's patel it the

56:12

night of november fourteenth nineteen seventeen

56:15

the superintendent w h whitaker

56:17

orders forty guards to beat the

56:19

silent sentinel senseless these

56:21

men charged with keeping the peace

56:24

chain up national women's party cofounder

56:26

lucy burns the road

56:28

doors louis into an unlit sell the

56:30

head slams into an iron fence knocking

56:32

her out cold women are soaked

56:34

beaten it's hold of they say a word there

56:37

will be held appear

56:38

that doesn't stop mrs brand and from speaking

56:41

november twenty fifth nineteen seventeenth

56:44

the new york times quotes her husband doctor

56:46

john winters brand as he passes

56:48

along her words

56:50

there's a brief segment my wife's

56:52

account is evident that the suffrage prisoners

56:54

were deliberately terrorized would be entered

56:57

our coupon and were treated with great

56:59

brutality by the men guards who handled

57:01

them and knock them about with the fury of dogs

57:04

under the immediate direction a mr whitaker

57:06

himself called out that

57:08

the men who would be glad to get their hands

57:10

on them and handle them iraq

57:12

and some cells there were three women

57:15

with nothing to lie on but one narrow

57:17

bed and to straw man

57:19

this is henry butterworth of new york was carried

57:21

off alone into the men's section the jail

57:23

and deliberately told there be no other

57:26

woman with her and verse was left

57:28

all night the sound of men's voices

57:30

on all sides

57:32

the silence since know will never forget

57:34

awkward fun

57:36

that above all will never forget november

57:38

fourteenth or not they know

57:40

as the night of terror

57:46

the public is outraged

57:47

president woodrow wilson is outraged

57:50

all of the silence sentinels a released the

57:53

it their activism the quieter hard

57:55

work of nasr or perhaps both

57:58

would you will finally gives his public support to a [unk] to

58:00

so amendment guarantees women's

58:02

suffrage on january ninth nineteen eighteen

58:04

the house of representatives votes

58:06

on the a mammoth the next day the passes

58:09

with the exact two thirds majority required

58:11

by the constitution two hundred seventy

58:13

four for it and one hundred

58:15

thirty six against the take the

58:17

senate longer split it to concedes in june

58:20

nineteen nineteen and once it does

58:22

silence sentinel stop their white house protests

58:26

the advocating was quickly and the now fifteen

58:28

states where women had the vote and still others

58:30

nasr and interview p

58:32

both work hard to get more states ratify

58:35

the summer of ninety twenty thirty five

58:37

states have done so that means

58:39

it one more of the forty eight

58:41

states legislatures ratifies

58:44

will cross the seventy five percent threshold

58:47

that will bring the minutes long the

58:49

wanted a pressure so intense as the men

58:52

in the tennessee house of representatives vote

58:57

it august eighteen nineteen twenty

59:00

nashville tennessee inside

59:02

the states gorgeous neoclassical limestone

59:05

capitol building seated in the tennessee

59:07

house of representatives chamber the

59:09

galley seats are crammed with yellow rose

59:11

wearing suffragists and red rose wearing

59:14

anti suffragists the whole

59:16

room is tense as everyone knows

59:18

this very split legislative body which

59:20

nearly table the vote moments ago

59:23

is about to make one group you fork the

59:25

other enraged and either way

59:28

it will likely come down to one vote speaker

59:31

of the house sat walker rises he

59:34

announces the our as com

59:37

suffer just an anti suffer just the like

59:39

hold their breath as state representatives

59:41

call out their vote in the chamber below harry

59:44

, is ready ready handsome

59:46

dark haired twenty four year old freshmen legislator

59:49

feals the eyes of his fellow representatives and

59:51

those in the galley seats falling

59:53

on falling few doubt what he'll

59:55

do an anti suffrage red

59:58

rose adorns his lapel after all

1:00:00

ben the young rak rises

1:00:03

votes i

1:00:06

a pregnant pause envelops the chamber once

1:00:09

, shock when

1:00:11

seated about luck and

1:00:13

wrinkles pedal on the gene pool why

1:00:16

did harry change his mind reason

1:00:18

is and on his lapel soon

1:00:20

reason pocket a letter just

1:00:23

received from his mother

1:00:24

the in it she wrote

1:00:26

well

1:00:27

iran and vote for suffrage and

1:00:29

don't keep them in doubt

1:00:31

close call

1:00:33

harry sure it's constituents will hate them that

1:00:35

you'll see later

1:00:36

the boy should mind his mother's advice in

1:00:39

doing so he's broken the chamber's

1:00:41

tie him a tennessee the thirty six

1:00:43

state to ratify the proposed amendment

1:00:46

in another eight days on august twenty sixth

1:00:49

nineteen twenty

1:00:50

everything becomes official

1:00:52

when he suffered is now a constitutional right

1:00:55

in the united states guaranteed by

1:00:57

new nineteenth amendment

1:00:59

it reads as follows right

1:01:02

of citizens of the united states to vote shall

1:01:04

not be denied or abridged by

1:01:06

the united states or by any state on

1:01:09

account of congress

1:01:11

shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate

1:01:13

legislation

1:01:18

so we come to the end of our

1:01:20

long and winding road women's suffrage

1:01:23

some colonial voices like abigail adams

1:01:26

if not lydia task down

1:01:28

the tennessee's last minute convert cherie

1:01:30

burns

1:01:31

the net women and men who played crucial role

1:01:33

and what eventually lead to women's suffrage

1:01:35

becoming a constitutional rights perhaps

1:01:38

, stone blackwell the daughter of noted

1:01:41

suffragist couple was still a

1:01:43

henry blackwell put it best when

1:01:45

she described woman suffrage at the site quote

1:01:48

quote broad minded men and women on the one

1:01:50

side against narrow minded men

1:01:52

and women on the other

1:01:54

quote more specifically

1:01:56

though we've met women like susan

1:01:58

b anthony any

1:01:59

the team standing who lived for

1:02:02

women's suffrage

1:02:03

we met i nas mill hung who

1:02:05

gave her life for women's suffrage it's

1:02:08

still others who a bit hunger pains

1:02:10

for cds and the brutality of awful

1:02:12

kwan guards proved ready to

1:02:14

give their lives for it

1:02:16

personally when i think about what these women

1:02:18

endured

1:02:19

the earnestness with which they craved the

1:02:21

vote i , help but

1:02:23

hear the echoes the patch or can give

1:02:26

me liberty or give me death

1:02:29

i think to them american democracy

1:02:31

became status in other words

1:02:33

other united states became states get more

1:02:36

perfect

1:02:38

it has complete the more

1:02:40

moderate national american women's suffrage

1:02:42

association nasr comes

1:02:45

to an end though , more or less

1:02:47

morphs into the league of women voters voters

1:02:49

the national women's party isn't going anywhere by

1:02:52

nineteen twenty three households

1:02:54

working on equal rights amendment

1:02:56

that however is a story

1:02:59

for another day

1:03:01

when he suffered secured another

1:03:03

question begs to be answered is

1:03:05

, american woman such as i to be well

1:03:08

in carol carol our the jim

1:03:10

crow laws of the new south that we learned about back

1:03:12

in episode one on one still puncturing

1:03:14

and frame the value of the reconstruction of

1:03:17

next time we'll meet a rising post

1:03:20

frederick douglas generation of black leaders including

1:03:22

booker t washington and washington e beach

1:03:25

boys

1:03:26

and you turn our attention

1:03:32

it doesn't suck

1:03:38

is your job you have lost the problem and i if

1:03:41

production your is audio editing derek

1:03:44

has , always using compose

1:03:46

using arrangement an additional

1:03:48

position my movie gram of air show the

1:03:50

italy are the primary are secondary schools

1:03:53

in and or schools because the https

1:03:56

or , my family not

1:03:59

a whore

1:04:05

thanks to our patients whose monthly get put

1:04:07

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1:04:09

little bear to offensive and a admiral paparazzi

1:04:12

christopher back at victoria bennett james

1:04:15

black boots a mandate of iraq henry

1:04:17

brunches thomas bach will call them

1:04:19

back then percent or hot on the streets

1:04:22

of heart charles and surely point in matthew

1:04:24

corley have a deposit down

1:04:26

, john frugal google hijacker

1:04:29

bogged rather than job do this mark teichmann

1:04:31

regular are all going to need

1:04:33

golden brown or in a hurry my

1:04:36

healing know a hot melanie and pakistan

1:04:38

on the hell are you kinda hard time

1:04:40

remember claims it's too late partnering heron

1:04:43

lapel improvement does a rich mill [unk] mathieu

1:04:45

initial jayne mccreary losing losing

1:04:48

more caffeine the victim vote [unk] hawk

1:04:50

often hawk proponents sean

1:04:52

reagan eight property on relief at john

1:04:54

shape or channel stewart david and alexandra

1:04:57

[unk] and [unk] thomas

1:04:59

stewart built com era korea would he do often

1:05:02

walk for me to we are