“恶搞”，最开始的意思是恶意的搞笑。现在的意思，是改变原来作品的风格，使它变得搞笑或者具有讽刺效果。

前不久，在东方卫视的一个节目中，喜剧演员贾玲对中国民族女英雄花木兰进行恶搞，把她的形象变成一个爱吃烧鸡、没有志向，而且很胆小怕死的傻大姐。节目播出以后，引来很多骂声。很多观众认为，这个节目歪曲了木兰的形象，也破坏了中华民族的文化，贾玲和节目工作人员都应该为这个错误道歉。终于，贾玲在微博上道了歉，表示自己的节目“不合适，违反了大众的审美”。但同时，她的道歉又引起了另一部分人的不满。他们认为，喜剧这门艺术就应该允许恶搞。恶搞体现了娱乐精神，贾玲不应该道歉。

或许，贾玲这件事还算小。“恶搞”引起的大事件其实还真不少。大家都不会忘记，2015年1月7号发生在法国巴黎的悲剧。恐怖分子袭击了法国漫画杂志《查理周刊》的总部，杀死了很多杂志工作人员。原因则是《查理周刊》恶搞了伊斯兰教先知穆罕默德。

正所谓，公说公有理，婆说婆有理。恶搞的尺度到底应该在哪里？恶搞到底需不需要底线？对此，你怎么看？

#150: A Yardstick for ‘Egao’

The original meaning of ‘egao’ was a malicious poking of fun. The current meaning is to change the original style of a work to turn it into something with a witty or satirical effect.

Not long ago, on a program on Dragon TV’, the comedian Jia Ling performed an ‘egao’ (1) against the Chinese national hero – Hua Mulan. She turned her character into that of a silly girl that liked to eat fried chicken, had no ambition, and on top of that was cowardly and afraid to die. After the program was broadcast, it received much condemnation. Many viewers thought that the program misrepresented Hua Mulan’s image, damaged Chinese culture and they thought that Jia Ling and those working on the program should apologize for this mistake. In the end Jia Ling apologized on weibo, stating her program was “inappropriate, and had violated the aesthetic sense of the public”. But, at the same time her apology also led to dissatisfaction among a different group of people which believes (5) that the artform of comedy should permit ‘egao’. ‘Egao’ embodies the vitality of entertainment and Jia Ling should not have to (7) apologize.

This incident with Jia Ling can perhaps be regarded as minor. But actually there is an incident caused by ‘egao’ which is by no means small. No one is likely to forget the tragedy which occurred in Paris on the 7th of January, 2015. Terrorists attacked the head office of the French magazine (6) Charlie Hebdo killing (8) many of the magazine’s staff members. The reason was Charlie Hebdo’s ‘egao’ (9) on Islam’s prophet Mohammad.

Just as they say (10), both parties claim to be in the right. When all is said and done, what is the yardstick of ‘egao’? What’s your view on this?

==================================

1. Yes, really awkward and judging by the second last paragraph ‘egao’ could be translated by ‘satire’ which would also be a verb and really handy for the translation of this sentence. I’ve kept ‘egao’ because there is another word for ‘satire’… and the main purpose of the translation is to help anyone having trouble with the Chinese.

2. 中国民族女英雄: I had trouble with this as I initially read it as 中国民族 – 女英雄. It turns out that it’s more like 中国-民族女英雄, with 民族英雄 going together.

3. 傻大姐: I suppose everyone has got the feel for 大姐… but 傻大姐 also seem to go together with its own tinge of meaning.

4. 中华民族: I’ve translated this just with ‘Chinese’. Anything else becomes too awkward. ‘Chinese national’ seems to go with ‘pride’.

5. I just have to comment on this. I can’t decide whether it should be ‘who’ or ‘which’… I know that often the plural is used here more and more. Indeed if I used ‘who’ I think I’d have to use the plural, even though it’s a singular noun – ‘group’.

6. 漫画杂志: I can’t bring myself to write ‘cartoon magazine’… ‘Comic’? Hardly!

7. 不应该: Interesting one. At first it looks like ‘should not apologise’ will do. But I suspect that would be 应该不. This seems similar to the problem of ‘I must do that’, ‘I must not do that’ and ‘I do not must do that’…

8. I think it’s worth taking note of the original here. I suspect that my translation is pretty accurate yet I don’t think this construction with ‘… ing’ is taught in many grammar books from the PRC. I for one will try to make use of this Chinese construction. It looks really easy but so often we see a complicated English construction and try to turn it into something really complicated in Chinese. In this case the Chinese equivalent is pretty straight-forward.

9. Yes, ‘satire’ fits but I left ‘egao’ for consistency.

10. 正所谓: this seems to be used to introduce a saying or ‘chengyu’. As the English isn’t actually a proverb, the translation into English of 正所谓 doesn’t really make sense.

11. 到底: is this the word that I said last essay will just about always occur if you’re making an argument well?

Robert Budzul [email protected]

#150: Criteria voor satires

De originele betekenis van “egao”, letterlijk parodie, was grappen maken met slechte bedoelingen. Maar vandaag houdt het begrip in dat een oorspronkelijk werk zo wordt veranderd dat een grappig of satirisch effect wordt bekomen.

Onlangs, tijdens een programma van Dongfang Weishi (TV satelliet van het Oosten), maakte de comedienne Jia Ling een satire op China’s heldin Hua Mulan, waarbij ze haar beeld veranderde in dat van een vrouw die verzot is op geroosterde kip, een vrouw zonder ambitie, een laffe stupide oudere zus die bang is voor de dood. Na de uitzending van het programma lokte dit (bij het publiek) veel beledigingen uit. Veel kijkers vonden dat dit programma Mulans figuur onder een vals licht bracht en de cultuur van het Chinese volk ondermijnde.
Jia Ling en de makers van het programma moesten excuses aanbieden voor deze fout. Uiteindelijk bood Jia Ling haar excuses aan op Weibo, ze schreef dat het programma “ongepast was en de schoonheidswaardering (van het volk) schendde”. Maar meteen maakten die excuses een ander deel van de bevolking ontevreden. Zij vonden dat een comedie een satire moet toelaten. De satire geeft body aan de dynamiek van de comedie, Jia Ling moest zich dus niet excuseren.

Misschien moet die satire van Jia Ling maar als heel gewoon worden aangezien. 
Belangrijke feiten door een “satire” uitgelokt komen in feite frekwent voor. Niemand is de tragedie vergeten die in Parijs (Frankrijk) op 7 januari 2015 plaatsgreep. Terroristen vielen bij verrassing de redactie (het hoofdkwartier) van het franse karikatuurblad “Charlie Hebdo” binnen en doodden velen die er werkzaam waren. Oorzaak daarvan was de satire van de Islam profeet Mohammed door Charlie Hebdo.

Dit is wat men noemt: “Jij zegt dat jij gelijk hebt, hij zegt dat hij gelijk heeft; elkeen luistert daarbij niet naar de ander’ (letterlijk: de man zegt dat hij gelijk heeft, de vrouw zegt dat zij gelijk heeft).
 Moet er uiteindelijk aan een satire een limiet worden gesteld? Hoe sta jij daartegenover?

Maud Thiery [email protected]

A real dimensão de uma sátira

Em mandarim, a palavra “恶搞(e gao)”, inicialmente tinha o significado de “fazer piadas maliciosas”. Hoje em dia esse conceito inicial sofreu uma alteração, e a palavra é utilizada para a representação de“sátiras”.

Não muito tempo atrás, um canal de TV da Chinês, “东方卫视(dongfang weishi)”, através de seu comediante chamado “贾玲 (Jia Ling)”, fez a utilização de sátiras para “brincar”com a imagem de heroína nacional da personagem “Mulan”. O programa fez uma representação da tradicional Mulan de uma forma diferente, cômica. Essa “nova Mulan”era apenas uma pessoa que amava comer, covarde e sem ambição alguma. Após ter ido ao ar, o programa recebeu muitas criticas. Muitos espectadores criticaram o programa e o comediante, alegando que eles apresentaram de forma inapropriada a imagem da personagem e que os mesmos deveriam se desculpar por tais atos. No final, “贾玲 (Jia Ling)”se desculpou com uma postagem no microblog “Weibo” cuja atitude acabou causando o descontentamento de outra parte de espectadores, que defendiam que, por ser um programa de comedia, poderiam utilizar sátiras para representar personagens, além do mais, o programa era justamente um programa de comédia, cujo objetivo era o fazer as pessoas rir. Sendo assim, tais sátiras não apresentariam de forma alguma um conteúdo inapropriado.

Talvez, “贾玲 (Jia Ling)”não considere tais acontecimentos como algo muito grave, mas, não podemos nos esquecer do que aconteceu recentemente na França. Onde um grupo atacou o escritório do jornal satírico “Charlie Hebdo”deixando muitas pessoas mortas e diversos feridos. Comparações a parte, a tragédia foi causada após a publicação de certo conteúdo que causou muita revolta no mundo muçulmano e a consequente tragédia.

Mas e aí, onde que está essa real dimensão de uma sátira? Qual o limite? Com relação a isso, qual sua opinião?

Traduzido por:

Tiago Ismael Debald
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