Low back pain is a common ailment, which will affect up to 85% of our population at sometime during their life. In this series, the perception of acute versus chronic pain and its nonsurgical treatment is discussed. The role of surgical intervention as well as a comparison of various surgical techniques is presented by a number of experts. Mister Jeremy Fairbank, Consultant Spine Surgeon from Oxford, United Kingdom discusses the findings of his landmark study on the comparison of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and lumbar spine stabilization. All lecturers placed an emphasis on surgical indications and the emerging role of artificial disc replacement as well as the need to identify outcomes.