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hello and welcome

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to your debts may be ready for comedy

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podcast the tix history service my

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name is greg jenna i made public with the wind

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or and book author and former chief nerd

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on the complete comedy show horrible histories

0:58

and , we'll have to ancient china

1:00

to dig deep into one of the most astonishing archaeological

1:03

discovery the full time the

1:05

first emperor of china's whom

1:07

guarded by his famous terracotta warriors

1:10

and to help me do that i'm joined by the very special

1:12

guest in history corner she

1:15

professor corner she chinese history and literature

1:17

at birkbeck university of london and

1:19

specializes in the relationship between culture

1:21

and modern chinese nation building she's written

1:23

countless academic publications and several books

1:25

including to prize winning books on the

1:27

opium war and maoism it's a fantastic

1:30

professor julia lovell welcome julia

1:32

thrilled to have here

1:33

it great beer thanks so much for inviting

1:35

i didn't comedy on,

1:38

you're dead to me, he's fantastic comedian and

1:40

actor who's gone global since last

1:43

we had them on the us, people

1:45

sit on top of the apollo and haven't got

1:47

news for you but he's got hilarious stand-up special

1:50

on netflix using amy's schumer's new sitcom

1:52

life and beth you remember

1:59

him

1:59

watching the tone of voice is episode it's pretty funny

2:02

one was smoking a hell of

2:04

a tiger they're having me back just don't forget

2:06

the last playing it is very important i'm

2:09

so happy to be back on your that to make accurate

2:11

in some it's always a thrill always a highlight

2:14

or last time we talked a bit about your

2:16

your education that the malaysian school system

2:18

he hadn't done that much global history but i'm curious

2:20

as to whether the first emperor of china terracotta

2:23

warriors may be something you do know the

2:25

homes of culturally speaking as amp

2:27

my father's times maze and and so there is an awareness

2:30

of time and chinese histories as sort

2:32

of a kind of motherland but

2:35

, still don't know because read all

2:37

that well actually so what chinese

2:39

mages know but chinese history is usually

2:42

they pick up in like to period dramas

2:44

the chinese period ah mallika am of which

2:46

there are hundreds and hundreds and

2:48

hundreds of the always besieging a fortress

2:50

and into so many of those

2:53

shows with and at the very popular malaysia

2:55

aside from that no i don't really know very

2:57

much right world by the end of the day you

2:59

will know plenty more because we have an expert at

3:01

with us so

3:07

what

3:09

do you know where i had a goat asking what you

3:12

how lovely listener knows about our subject

3:14

and well a terracotta warriors have a pretty

3:16

good name recognition i think not least

3:19

because a few of them have gone on saw recently

3:21

and the they were hanging out in liverpool but

3:23

in some the pop culture if you were terry pratchett

3:25

fun you may remember the name one of his that

3:27

discworld novels the protagonist rinse

3:29

wind the only discovers a terracotta

3:31

army in an imperial team but also uses some

3:33

vr technology to go in control it is

3:36

very nifty listen , they would

3:38

be hollywood representations of the first

3:40

emperor in the film be mummy tomb of

3:42

the dragon emperor us which is frankly a

3:44

bit dodgy dodgy may also have heard

3:46

a few tidbits about the terracotta warriors on our

3:48

spinoff children's podcasts home school

3:50

history which you can listen to on bbc sounds

3:52

but the big question of course is who made the terracotta warriors

3:55

and when and why and how

3:57

and who found them wealth

3:59

let's it out shelley julia

4:01

can we begin with very by six when he talking

4:04

about the terracotta army we're

4:06

talking about elements of the senior

4:08

old complex belonging searching

4:10

she hung the the first emperor

4:12

of china who's this guy how

4:15

far ago we talking

4:17

the first emperor of china was born

4:19

in jump in to fifty

4:21

nine he in the kingdom

4:23

of sin

4:24

a what is now can sue and says

4:26

she provinces the northern half of what's

4:28

now china was divided between a number

4:31

of smaller states which fought each other

4:33

for control of land and resources that

4:35

by two hundred fifty nine b c

4:37

they were only seven of those

4:39

states left on the field of which chin was

4:42

the largest and the most successful

4:44

at it so that over the next forty years

4:47

chin wins out because it

4:49

has by far the most controlling

4:51

reflect take a break it and

4:53

income

4:54

six feet to the strain into

4:56

four six bc at the age of only

4:59

thirteen by the time

5:01

the was thirty eight he conquered each of

5:03

the all the states and unified

5:05

them for them first time into a single

5:07

empire into empire into pc ape

5:10

and at that point you took the name chinchilla

5:12

the or great august

5:15

first and prayer

5:16

a kitten as case the literal translation

5:18

that a thirteen he comes to thrown by thirty

5:20

eight he's com could all of china it's quite an

5:22

achievement and i'm thirty nine and either will enough

5:25

to look at maybe not

5:26

anything with my life yeah which

5:28

what kingdoms have you unified great

5:30

a beaming sauce as ssssss

5:33

i have unified the world's of history and comedy into

5:35

one person for us senator i

5:38

mean what what have you unified filled with your best authority

5:40

, how how did my best unification

5:43

story the other

5:46

day i had

5:48

fried rice with less of a barbecue south

5:50

african bought avast and fried

5:52

rice mean i don't think

5:54

is it happen side and some of these unification

5:57

sunrise this as a but i am a boy king and

5:59

avoiding me to them hi this

6:04

is interesting hearing since you're wrong because my or

6:06

that that name suddenly reignited all

6:08

these memories of my father to being obsessed

6:10

chung show on be for a long time and

6:13

yeah his rabies read read yeah lot about

6:15

him and and what

6:17

lot of tv shows about him the

6:20

he's quite a character and we talk about a

6:22

more that in this been a focus we did so high school

6:24

history for twenty thirty minutes on bbc south

6:26

of the sort of the too long didn't read version is that

6:28

unifies china three constant war than

6:31

consolidate power by increasing law codes

6:33

new coinage standardized measurements building

6:35

roads introducing writing uniform

6:37

across the country or sensible policies

6:40

and then he also forcibly relocated seven hundred

6:43

people to be forced laborers the build

6:45

his pet projects use it burns books

6:47

a he murders confucian scholars by burying

6:49

them alive so less good policies

6:52

so he's quite a ruthless character

6:55

but all the while doing this he thought

6:57

of busy juggling another huge engineering

6:59

projects engineering china you wanna guess what it is phil

7:01

oh might be a

7:03

wall not

7:06

at any all a pretty good all a

7:08

very good will help a very excellent

7:10

wall of china this assess this assess

7:13

on the civil my song absolutely

7:16

be very competent he built more the china

7:18

otherwise known as the great wall of china yeah that's one

7:21

of his so , we have

7:23

an emperor who wants to make a big splash in life you building

7:25

these huge monuments he's introducing huge

7:27

new policies but he's also

7:29

really wanting a glorious death so

7:32

how old the think the was fill when was fill

7:34

planning his own funeral oh

7:36

wow while i mean

7:38

he became cancer is obscene early starter

7:41

i'm going to face are planning his own death at

7:44

fourteen you

7:47

got if i'm in you did a really good idea

7:49

other guy thirteen give it one years and acknowledging

7:52

thirty be start planning a thirty or i

7:54

am for us and i'm gonna die one day and

7:56

i'm going to have the best their butts foresight

7:59

isn't that i'm in

7:59

on think of any plans i had that in what

8:02

were you know feel like i'm invincible now i'm thirty

8:04

two i can't imagine area thirteen and

8:06

having the the presence of mind to go

8:08

all right you've had a good thirteen

8:10

years by started with the kind of something about a will

8:13

assess assess the slightest

8:16

, of the assessing what were your lungs and goals

8:18

and thirteen actually to be a professional wrestler

8:21

every already wasn't wasn't

8:23

when i was that the in those my equivalent of

8:25

the great wall of china was to become a

8:28

professional like red clad

8:30

man what would your wrestling name

8:32

they are you a bad guy or a good guy i

8:34

think i wanted to be called like the tyrant

8:37

or something on the so sb not completely

8:40

dissimilar from that since

8:42

along the you know are right for you and nachum

8:44

she'll on the a very similar in your outlook

8:46

the he's thinking about death

8:48

and this funerary complex

8:50

they start planning it when he's a teenager and

8:52

it's built in shanxi province in

8:55

as sort of central china up at the time

8:57

slightly off center as both and

9:00

it ends up being the biggest mausoleum in the history

9:02

of the world farther notes and

9:04

may never even be eclipsed because some

9:06

abusing the elon musk this plan to live forever

9:09

or haven't actually been space

9:11

the law that's true too that is you are still hold

9:13

on to the earth type of sfs that

9:16

you'll be buried in a floating tesla just orbiting

9:18

around the moon assess assess

9:21

trashy jumps you want the also

9:23

is planning to live forever to leah how

9:25

do you plan to live forever while simultaneously

9:27

building your enormous to

9:30

first i pray you

9:32

have this strange combination

9:34

of sued self confidence and

9:37

paranoid frailty so and one hand

9:40

he proclaims himself first

9:42

emperor of this unprecedentedly

9:44

keep a state he is

9:46

super controlling he bailed the government

9:48

to micromanage ordinary people's daily

9:51

life but on the other

9:53

from this surprisingly young

9:55

age he seems terrified

9:57

of death by human

10:00

the supernatural forces there

10:02

he was desperate to find and alexia

10:04

to eternal life and he

10:06

believed this might be contained in cinema

10:08

and or have met pre which

10:10

the ate a good deal of the

10:12

died in two hundred and ten bc

10:15

he a semi forty nine ironically

10:18

probably partly due to match he put

10:20

his name

10:20

we don't we see

10:22

caden this this burial complex

10:24

that he spends almost forty years

10:27

building as an insurance policy

10:29

in case the whole alexia things

10:31

didn't work out so the first

10:33

employed died while touring least

10:35

in part because his empire and

10:38

his advisors initially decided

10:40

to cover this up pops as a kid

10:42

money that the succession seat themselves so

10:45

they pretended that the emperor

10:47

was refusing to leave his courage and

10:50

to mask the stink of his corpse

10:52

which was busily rossi while they transported

10:54

back to his mausoleum their

10:56

chins former advisers filled

10:59

his courage with fish to come

11:00

now but ,

11:02

you you know you smell bad when people i we gotta

11:05

cover this up for a lot of fuss on it's

11:07

about other smith smith then they he sighed

11:10

and as in iran he's fine he's fine he's

11:12

just wanted some of these terrorists have also

11:15

he loves this exists it's loves

11:17

this a with a slanted understand it as

11:19

a let's talk about the discovery of

11:21

the terracotta warriors

11:23

opens were discovered along

11:25

with some bronze arrowheads in a field by

11:27

family in nineteen seventy four fill their

11:30

, family farmers they were taking a

11:32

well and they stumbled on

11:34

these little bits has broken kharkov

11:36

turns and arrowheads made arrowheads bronze nick the arts

11:38

as nice and this on it's on local trader and

11:41

in trader and think anything more this and

11:43

then archeologist went

11:44

hang on a second and so they showed up and

11:46

they were astonished by the terracotta

11:49

warriors because they were not expect in the middle

11:51

there was absolutely there's no evidence

11:53

in then if the historical records that would be any terracotta

11:55

warriors julie they thought maybe there would be assume

11:58

but not the warriors can you tell us more

11:59

yeah that that's right the existence

12:02

of the team itself is described

12:04

by the much yen he's arguably

12:07

the most famous of ancient chinese

12:09

historians writing and about

12:11

one

12:11

it b c

12:13

that's his is she doesn't

12:15

mention the warriors i

12:17

, that locals knew that the

12:19

large mountains nearby

12:22

was an important to thought

12:24

particularly in particularly pre mechanical

12:26

age it was hard to break into the

12:28

site as well of course saving

12:31

of course in or

12:32

this thing today to break in somebody

12:34

same same

12:35

archaeologists were amazed by what

12:37

these farmers found it's arguably

12:40

the most

12:40

extraordinary archaeological

12:43

discovery of the twentieth century i didn't realize

12:45

this

12:46

so recent to the discovery i thought they'd

12:48

been have been around longer than the seventies yes

12:51

nineteen seventy four so it's some i

12:53

suppose that's part of the the reason that so

12:55

iconic is that it happened instead of meteor

12:57

age so everyone can kind of oh wow because

13:00

he's gorgeous images it's also fitting

13:02

that the the mausoleum of an emperor

13:04

obsessed with living forever

13:07

came out around the same time as the

13:09

to be staying alive

13:11

looking at my i

13:16

, think everything is connected sale at

13:18

is is a consummate athletes a message

13:21

i think that's the thursday analyzable this

13:24

is my time to assess

13:26

, uses waiting for

13:28

disco to reach its peak and then as i can hear

13:31

read it affects her affects case

13:33

we've already heard filled with the first emperor was pretty

13:35

extra in his own life how

13:37

big do you sing this mausoleum complex

13:40

is when they started surveying it and

13:42

surveying still working on it

13:43

okay we will people usually

13:45

go by football fields done that there's

13:48

out of the fittest as fit as i unit for

13:50

allies spaces is a football

13:53

fields i'm going to say it's two

13:55

football fields

13:56

who football fields julia is

13:58

it bigger than two football fields

13:59

the area that the mausoleum

14:02

complex occupy hello

14:04

the ground is about fifty

14:07

six square kilometers

14:08

say they prepare

14:10

six

14:11

painting the same and terracotta

14:13

warriors are only a small

14:15

part of this complex there's

14:18

, artificial mound covering the

14:20

emperor teams had nowadays it looks

14:22

like of forested pyramid

14:24

about sixty five meters high

14:26

three hundred fifty square meters at the base base

14:29

at the time of the emperor's death this pyramid

14:31

would have been surrounded by wolves and covered with

14:33

buildings were rituals and sacrifices

14:35

would be performed for the wellbeing of the

14:37

emperor after his death and

14:40

below ground the

14:42

tomb cavity was also surrounded

14:44

by wolves and by hundreds

14:46

of other burial pits containing

14:49

incredible things of which the

14:52

terracotta warriors pits are just warriors

14:54

few

14:54

yeah phil he said a typical

14:56

pitches well a fickle pitches zero point zero

14:58

zero five kilometers

15:01

glad right this is

15:03

fifty six clumsy square which is bigger

15:05

than offset it as quite as young as good

15:07

a good bit bigger okay fair enough when

15:10

you're on you're own so we have the ancient

15:13

tin historian summit in writing

15:15

about a hundred years after the tomb

15:17

was built and he described the complex

15:20

like this the room was filled with

15:22

models of palaces and pavilions and

15:24

offices as well as fine vessels precious

15:26

stones and rarities artisans

15:29

were ordered to fix up crossbows for

15:31

the any faith breaking and would be shipped all

15:34

, country streams the yellow river and

15:36

the yanks the when reproduced in quicksilver

15:39

and buy some mechanical means were made to flow

15:42

into a miniature ocean the heavenly

15:44

consolations was shown above and the regions

15:46

of the earth was shown below the candles

15:48

were made of whale oil to ensure that burning

15:50

for the longest possible time bit

15:53

as good a hollywood stuff mrs booby traps and

15:55

everything you know what quicksilver is

15:57

quicksilver i'm not sure by but since

15:59

of

15:59

well do you love to paint the to have it it

16:02

, sounds right up his street

16:04

you're absolutely right he was drinking it cause quicksilver is basically

16:07

marie curie it's revisiting right you have

16:09

a go yeah this guy

16:11

he's built he's built rivers of mercury

16:13

that mirror the rivers in

16:15

china and then he's got cross automatic

16:18

crossbows and candles that been forever

16:20

so a radius indiana jones it's amazing

16:23

what it's amazing these things actually realized of actually

16:26

booby trap crossbows well in

16:28

the complex we will get to that later

16:30

that is a good co will lead that dangling

16:33

for now

16:34

starting this enormous complex and

16:36

this particular pyramid to him with the cost

16:38

of these extraordinary terracotta warriors how

16:41

many soldiers were in their how many terracotta

16:43

soldiers filthy think we're think this army

16:46

the well

16:49

if it's

16:50

mom to father fields as is more than

16:52

invested more than twenty two

16:54

mother forty four pm is it like

16:57

two thousand or something hey that's hey that's guess

16:59

that is how many have been excavated so

17:02

far ah yes okay

17:04

but we think there are seven

17:06

thousand down there julia is that right

17:09

yeah that is a work a to

17:11

estimate but there's so

17:13

many other things

17:16

down in the team complex

17:18

in , might be a good moment to explain a couple

17:21

of ancient chinese ideas about the afterlife

17:23

say sixty much of chinese history

17:26

people want to be buried with items they

17:28

think will guarantee them

17:30

comfort and status in the afterlife

17:32

which could include servants independence

17:35

like lives as well as

17:37

handy desirable objects

17:39

the we get underpinning face idea

17:42

is the belief that the afterlife will be very

17:44

similar to the mortal well so whatever you wanted

17:47

or needed here you want and

17:49

need in the next like t now

17:51

like several ancient states early

17:54

chinese societies practiced human

17:56

sacrifice year the theory is

17:58

that is that

17:59

why the killed in place in the team

18:02

the go on the journey to the up life with the

18:04

deceased and serve him there but

18:07

by the chin you also have the idea that you don't

18:09

always have to have real human

18:11

corpses down there to rebuild the fi

18:13

in the team you can have high

18:15

quality replicas and models

18:18

although the chin mostly and

18:19

heck evidence of some burial of humans

18:22

whether they were alive or dead at the time

18:25

but , a huge range

18:27

and richness of objects found

18:29

in the improve burial complex

18:32

and these objects give us a good idea

18:34

of what he himself saw as

18:37

important as his army

18:39

of forty god's plan hundreds

18:41

effects of alma mater saying

18:43

tiles thera statues

18:46

of stable bullies charities

18:48

chariots courses plus

18:50

we'll like hey and straw and skeletons

18:53

of actual horses days it

18:55

pisses terracotta officials so

18:57

you'll have bureaucrats to run your state

18:59

in the afterlife said there's still tax

19:02

off to death on the fray

19:03

yeah fun with we hear a lot of a terracotta

19:05

warriors pomona for the terracotta accountants

19:08

the real ssssss

19:11

the afterlife isn't fair

19:14

also an entertainment

19:16

pets which contains para casa

19:18

acrobat strong men musicians

19:21

and lifesize bronze but soon

19:23

incredible could you

19:25

pure things it's interesting to the chinese

19:28

tradition of transferring objects into

19:30

the afterlife so goes on

19:32

now so growing up in malaysia

19:34

with every year you

19:36

go to sweep your so ancestors grace

19:38

with clue tie up became the grace and you

19:41

been offerings you burn gifts

19:43

faith cass he burned that

19:45

and the idea that when things been they got to heaven

19:47

and they go to your grandparents and they can use him but

19:50

it's it's as time

19:53

goes by so now you can buy

19:55

pay because and been those in that is are they good have

19:57

a new grandfather's gotta have

19:59

new mercedes and now

20:01

you can buy a paper i phones

20:03

and i pad allow which is a nice

20:06

idea but it also kind of raises the question

20:08

what is heaven like it doesn't sound much

20:10

best and it's the presumption sort of

20:12

the end up in heaven with it's of naked with nothing

20:15

it , sound particularly plaza through seventh

20:17

and my family to my grandparents thing since

20:19

and i've had a knowing how to work at suffer suffer

20:22

the burned instructions as well as

20:26

so we have this idea of the terracotta warriors

20:28

being as he said so they can

20:30

sort of transform into sodas and the after

20:32

night the potentially princes

20:35

and concubines and maybe rivals the throne

20:37

who were killed and trucks

20:39

in has get them out the way there is

20:41

real straw and real high for the real horses

20:43

which suggests perhaps the humans and

20:46

animals perhaps doing in

20:48

this tomb but she's is rather while the dog

20:50

but some that's says tempers for

20:52

you but let's not dwell on the sad stuff the

20:54

macabre and let's focus on these extraordinary

20:56

terracotta people instead so terracotta

20:59

, show you image from pitt one

21:02

the habitat several enough pit once

21:05

this is the first the for excavated zones can

21:07

you describe what you can see for us basically

21:10

a a long hangar structure

21:14

filled with the terracotta warriors

21:16

and then laid out very neatly

21:18

in rows and he throws separated

21:21

by a low wall and

21:24

yes there are many of them and them and can now see

21:26

that two football fields was a wild

21:28

underestimate ss claim bashing really

21:31

there are lots of them and and to sort of in

21:34

sort of maize like structure

21:36

now and julia these are in

21:38

some of the two thousand terracotta warriors excavated

21:41

se fosse key test bit more about the

21:43

three main pits where they've been discovered and and

21:45

what's in them

21:45

sure say the least three

21:48

been pits are about a mile

21:50

today

21:50

he own

21:52

the team said they represent

21:55

the eastern frontier of the burial

21:57

complex so hit

22:00

one which is which is the biggest

22:02

has the main army perhaps

22:05

, six thousand soldiers

22:07

one hundred and sixty hurry

22:10

it's it's the soldiers were all

22:12

originally set out in

22:15

almost forty single file

22:17

lines in funded then there's

22:19

an advance guard of guard

22:22

and i should point out that they were

22:24

all on to the chief with

22:27

battle ready bronze weapons ready

22:29

for combat a real weapons guess real

22:32

bronze shop and weapons

22:35

then picked to have the mix of cavalry

22:38

arches and watch harriet pit

22:40

three contains high ranking officers

22:43

it seems to be a command post

22:45

command as you say there's also fourth

22:47

empty pit in the fact that it was empty

22:50

might be a sign that the site was unfinished

22:53

went into from the of me died and

22:55

have to be

22:55

it yeah so maybe was planning an even bigger

22:58

pieces , unfortunately skilled over of ms mercury

23:01

lemonade drink but extorted thing about

23:03

this solicit incredible but it also showed his battle

23:06

formations who chooses to kind of weapons and unama

23:08

that these soldiers would have worn worn

23:10

know you love total war like i do they the video

23:12

game is this a meat become during up and

23:15

some strong feelings for you have of commanding

23:17

you have it islam and

23:19

it really does i se gabi impulse

23:22

that it's in drag and sunlight as

23:24

as a whole box of them and tell them to go somewhere

23:27

it also comes up some vm

23:29

is indices is guess this goes to speak of

23:31

how little really changes have

23:33

changes seat it reminds me of a military

23:35

parade like but some led by with

23:38

someone like kim jong loan or that

23:41

him i put in might hold just to show

23:43

how powerful years is the same thing is with isn't

23:45

that's interesting yeah holding a military parade

23:47

in the afterlife to show everyone and they put a

23:49

big dog yeah exactly that i'm in julia

23:51

what can we learn from the actual weaponry

23:54

and and stuff they're wearing

23:56

quite quite a lot more the

23:58

first thing it tells us

23:59

exactly as filled surmised

24:02

that the children states and

24:04

empire was an intensely

24:07

militarized society and that's why the chin

24:09

succeeded in destroying all the other states

24:11

to found it's unified empire every

24:14

, had to supply and able

24:16

bodied mail to the states conflict

24:18

tommy and then strips

24:21

army discipline made them ruthless fighters say

24:23

the army was divided into squads of five

24:26

if one man was lost from the squad the

24:28

others had team capture the heads

24:30

of an enemy the target

24:33

figgins enable us to visualize

24:36

what this extraordinary

24:38

army would have looked like he got

24:40

the unarmored rank and file

24:42

at the front and he got ahmed fighters

24:45

and arches distributed down the flanks

24:48

and , they were armed with zip

24:50

to the cutting edge problems weapons

24:53

finds , one included

24:55

cross patriot triggers swords

24:57

lances spears and

24:59

a the forty thousand arrowheads

25:02

to these weapons with clearly meant to be

25:04

used analysis is saying that

25:06

blades were sharp end

25:08

and many are so well preserved that they

25:10

still be legal today

25:12

wow where the over two thousand

25:14

years ago good crossman season it

25:17

on also that also goes to show just how much he believed

25:19

this was real right that's how much he

25:21

believed in the afterlife and

25:23

that these things would transfer over because you don't

25:25

commit some i dispute is just

25:27

a hunch assist assist assist

25:29

your chimp she won the clearly is a religious

25:32

man he's planning for the off the lights he's fearful

25:35

perhaps he's got his fast

25:37

bodyguard which is perhaps about showing

25:39

off but there must also be an element of

25:41

him

25:42

getting ready to transfer into a different

25:45

religious states main the afterlife

25:47

is presumably as he said it's continuation of life in

25:49

some ways to take everything you need the a but what

25:51

is the religious cosmology

25:53

of the chin system at this time

25:55

the phone seven pro was indeed

25:58

deeply religious man city the way

26:00

even though he also boasted

26:02

about boiling people alive you

26:05

, see this religious nurse

26:07

aide the literal translation of the title

26:09

he gave himself says she hung be

26:12

be first august seok

26:14

said he literally sees himself as a monique

26:17

of the gods and prayer and

26:19

pope rolled into rolled and

26:22

when he found his empire in two hundred

26:24

and twenty one bc he immediately

26:27

set traits is didn't stay within the magic

26:29

cosmological police system of the time

26:32

which is the five palace and he declares

26:34

that the chin is reeling under

26:36

the power under water he built

26:39

himself a new policy names that

26:41

after a heavenly poll

26:43

to show how celestial and

26:45

religious his power was he

26:47

went on to the causes new empire

26:49

he made sacrifices disparate keep

26:51

it up self praising inscriptions

26:53

i'm chinese holy mountain so

26:57

in some you can see in religious

26:59

terms as in political terms he had

27:01

a robust sense of self worth

27:03

of he wouldn't it to ensure the

27:05

next life would be every bit as grand

27:08

as his first

27:09

the this enormous homey

27:12

his expectant have to fight his way into

27:14

the afterlife or is this earth an

27:16

army of defending himself

27:18

in the afterlife

27:20

so the first emperor was

27:22

profoundly paranoid and

27:24

controlling on his journey

27:26

to conquering china he and his armies

27:28

had killed hundreds of thousands of

27:31

people from other states to

27:33

the east of chin east

27:35

you'll remember that pit containing

27:37

the terracotta warriors are on the

27:40

eastern side of the tomb

27:42

complex and one interpretation

27:46

is that ginger interpretation be feared that his enemies

27:48

in the afterlife as afterlife this

27:51

world would attack him from this

27:53

direction to direction monumental

27:55

army of bodyguards with protect him from

27:58

vengeance of all the many people he killed

28:00

in this world but , think we do

28:02

need also to keep in mind this site is

28:04

so much more than the terracotta

28:06

warriors warriors we go back to

28:08

that incredible quotation from so much

28:11

and that you read earlier we

28:14

can surmise that the team itself contains

28:16

palaces contains wonderful

28:18

objects officials it recreates

28:21

out of mercury the empire's rivers

28:23

and sees the features of earth below

28:26

and the stars above say this stars above whole

28:28

universe being bill underground

28:31

and the first emperor since he's going to be

28:33

into

28:33

forever and

28:35

, have any idea of light how

28:38

much of this was his part of his thirteen

28:40

year old death plan and

28:42

how much was just the

28:45

ramblings of ramblings mercury poisoned

28:47

madman meditators of his life

28:49

i think on the one hand you can already

28:51

see in his ancestors a

28:53

kind of tendency towards

28:56

gigantic mania a new

28:58

team building ever greater

29:00

moral lavish mausoleum

29:04

but at the same time there's

29:06

nothing there's nothing

29:08

chin tombs which really serves

29:10

as a precedent for that scale

29:13

the fastest the complexity

29:16

of the first and pristine eighties

29:19

assume that there was there was the

29:22

cake in the ambition of

29:24

his plans after he actually

29:26

succeeded in unifying china

29:29

in two to one bc of yep

29:31

planning ahead when you're thirteen get get

29:33

going on the mausoleum but after

29:35

he becomes emperor it's

29:37

on at the eternity

29:38

scale see becomes in for thirty eight

29:41

he died at forty nine so but maybe the last eleven

29:43

years of his life he's really ramping up guy okay

29:45

what i want now it's rivers of mercury

29:47

fix have a sister of us he went

29:50

into middle age become more access

29:52

it's sort of small building protester

29:54

assess assess laboratory he

29:56

, expense and footage

30:00

ontario's an another battalion

30:02

added the another battalion has

30:05

, that i'm selling in the summer midlife crisis

30:08

crisis other side also questioned the have to get planning permission

30:11

for permission is complex bombers

30:13

been a nightmare assess a

30:16

assess

30:17

i think luckily for him he was

30:19

the plan

30:19

right

30:22

so feel we've already touched on the slightly but some

30:24

would you think archaeologists found

30:27

in the personal burial chamber the

30:29

pyramid of the first emperor himself a

30:31

cooler full of bottles of mercury

30:34

for the big guy i

30:36

, of crete lucretia comforts

30:39

comforts and wine and

30:42

things like that may be and rug and

30:44

as rug homely

30:46

yeah emphasis like his private chambers

30:49

you know maybe couple of friends couple

30:51

a pals physicist oh

30:54

, to have like a

30:56

yeah wow that i'm gonna think

30:59

we've actually sort of a lead you into a trap there

31:01

because actually how we don't know what

31:03

is in his private oh hasn't

31:05

been opened to yeah

31:08

they found in nineteen seventy four it's clearly

31:10

the most exciting bit of the the site

31:12

surely why haven't we

31:14

thrown a drone in there with a camera on it to have

31:16

little know quite why com we open it

31:19

you reason for

31:21

one there are concerns for the safety

31:23

of excavators a

31:25

survey discovered very high

31:27

levels or surprise

31:29

match

31:30

made

31:32

underground wolves with avoid

31:34

in the central the sky

31:35

probably for

31:38

the team at the emperor himself the

31:41

, that fat so the information

31:43

tantalizingly validates so

31:45

much and remarkable description but

31:47

it also generate concerns

31:49

about the stability of the site spiked

31:52

my biggest concern is the conservation

31:56

when the tanker to worry as was first

31:58

brought asked the ground they

31:59

right he painted that

32:02

within minutes the colors faded

32:04

after they were exposed to the app

32:07

and i think archaeologists main worry

32:09

is that they've they've already waited

32:12

this long and no one wants to have

32:14

it on their head that they said yeah let's

32:16

open this remarkable site and then

32:18

the contents to state health that they ruined

32:21

minute

32:21

the lot of pressure fill isn't it can you imagine being

32:23

the personal opens that same and within

32:25

minutes everything displayed see it would be

32:28

pretty awkward you have to take effect of real quick

32:31

enough , must have felt seabed the tanker

32:33

towards in color live in color

32:36

as an amazing as an i didn't realize they were

32:38

they had color the macguffin would have done

32:41

yeah so the oxidation process

32:43

happens so fast so the idea

32:45

of opening the team sounds a dangerous because

32:47

i'm in that booby traps to write seem it's intel says there's

32:49

this crossbows the fire it's of

32:51

the other know modern tools that can

32:54

be used his from map or have of

32:56

a peek in a non intrusive look

32:58

into into the chamber with sonar

33:00

something i may lie dalia i'm in nothing that the

33:02

trying on the julia that

33:04

yeah i think the surveys

33:06

which i just mentioned

33:08

ah the most extensive

33:10

that they have done and

33:13

he goes it's just a very well

33:16

fortified complex

33:18

underground be very be

33:21

very beep

33:23

whole walls

33:24

the data limit to

33:27

the that the debts from the distance

33:29

that these surveys can travel

33:31

given what seems to be be obstacles

33:34

underground

33:35

and so is that either in december would be the

33:37

axle remains of since ivanka in south

33:39

exactly right right right

33:42

well plus the we

33:44

creation of the

33:45

empire you know the rivers in

33:47

naturally in this stars

33:49

and then landmarks and seven said

33:52

the we have this extraordinary more

33:54

than the and complexes enormous we got the

33:57

six thousand soldiers another thousand

33:59

different

33:59

objects as well for seven thousand think terracotta

34:03

things , being groomed stable

34:05

boys painted bronze chariots with still sitting

34:07

terracotta charity is tackled horses

34:09

real life hey and straw straw

34:12

bureaucrats acrobat strong men

34:14

bronze and this extraordinary got birds

34:16

in their animals in clay coffins

34:19

incredible but we want to now

34:21

turn to who made of this stuff

34:23

cel less than xp of the podcast

34:25

is can't buy the stuff on the bay is this has to be

34:28

crafted by someone been enough alibaba

34:30

yet not enough but

34:32

if it's taken that many years

34:34

to excavate only two thousand of the warriors

34:36

in the still maybe another four thousand warriors

34:39

or five thousand objects still in the how

34:41

enough that they build this two thousand years

34:43

ago who's building it

34:45

yeah it's it's genuinely monumental

34:48

undertaking so we know

34:50

from early with histories that's

34:53

more than seven hundred

34:55

thousand

34:56

contracts from or

34:57

the empire especially been

35:00

moved over to work on the muslim

35:03

and also on the emperor's new capital

35:05

nearby so , what

35:07

we know the main burial chamber

35:09

would have invoked digging down to about

35:11

thirty or forty meters meters

35:14

would have needed access rams you'd

35:16

have needed to divert water causes

35:19

need to build a huge perimeter wall

35:22

that loads of burial get inside

35:24

then of course cover it over with

35:26

a pyramid or eighty meters till

35:28

we get more buildings on top of top then

35:31

you need to add to this the manufacture and hands

35:34

full of all the of involves

35:36

so creating pit one

35:39

alone would have required the removal

35:41

of over seventy thousand

35:43

cubic meters of so that

35:45

would fail round five and a half

35:48

thousand lorries today and

35:50

it seems plausible that only plausible state

35:53

like the chin which extracted conscript

35:55

labour so wesley but also

35:57

so

35:58

loosely could have seen

35:59

project three car shield incredible

36:02

i'm actually not even believing in it been the one

36:04

guy and believe in any the athletes is going

36:06

to is is both see a head set

36:10

aside , carving has has

36:12

five hundred statues a the

36:14

known him for thirty for away

36:17

so you studied engineering at cambridge if we

36:19

needed replica made would you be willing

36:21

to put it means that for us all happily

36:24

yeah a replica made of the whole complex

36:26

or yeah ideally and what would your

36:28

rights i mean that little budgets i'll do i'll

36:30

defend exposure to as himself super

36:32

they said that sets up a

36:34

second

36:35

they did have a plan the a so

36:36

yeah

36:39

okay fine let's have every kind of yeah so i

36:41

could have you aboard but i mean julie this

36:43

is is astonishingly enormous project

36:46

seven hundred thousand conscripted laborers

36:49

and , have the pits mean which

36:52

they are buried to the workers workers

36:55

in this is where we get him some some sort of

36:57

the certain aspects is it a little scientifically

36:59

dna analysis skeletal analysis

37:01

allows us to see the kind of lives

37:04

they lead and that that oppresses

37:06

they were put under to make this incredible

37:08

sites can you give us some

37:10

sobering insights into the working conditions

37:13

for this labor force

37:15

sure there ,

37:17

mass graves about three

37:19

hundred meters the

37:21

rest of the first a

37:24

priest team alongside the

37:26

skeletons archaeologists found

37:28

fragments of pottery which tell

37:30

us pats a surprising amount about

37:32

these unfortunate people people

37:35

that where they came from if they

37:38

were serving our a penal

37:40

sentence what that

37:42

crime had been but as

37:44

you say these grapes are very these

37:47

grapes aspect to the site

37:50

the bones which were discovered in

37:52

the grave some of them were sickened

37:55

with evidence of arthritis others

37:57

had fractures or showed bone adaptation

37:59

then clear intent use of muscles

38:02

to this suggests that these people were engaged

38:05

in heavy labour before death

38:08

workers don't seem to be buried

38:10

full money they seem to been thrown

38:12

into a deep mass grave

38:14

so the evidence strongly suggest that these letters

38:17

with ill treated and little valleys

38:19

in life as life as a fair number

38:21

were probably didn't forced labor costs

38:24

criminal sentences to relatively

38:26

minor crimes and a sinister

38:28

aspect to this i think it's the secrecy surrounding

38:31

the site the fact that the memory of the

38:33

terracotta warriors never appeared on

38:36

the historical record so this

38:38

suggests that the work is may simply have

38:40

been killed at the the

38:42

work when the emperor was touch

38:44

to keep the site secret sacrosanct

38:47

and the final tickets will

38:50

this is that as the emperor seem

38:52

to believe, if he buried people and

38:54

his team, they would serve him

38:56

in the office device patsy has received that the

38:58

remains these cool people would would

39:01

just reanimate to be his workmen

39:03

fraternity

39:03

it's pretty brutal and as even evidence

39:06

potentially of instruments of torture sound

39:08

and some of these pets as well so

39:09

the etti iron switches

39:11

thought to have been like monaco

39:13

and so on yeah okay so that

39:15

the being

39:16

curry treated and would a large portion

39:18

of his workforce been taken from

39:20

the peoples of the conquered kingdoms or

39:23

was it just everyone in the

39:25

kingdom the whether they were metin

39:27

all conquered

39:29

the dna analysis

39:31

of these phone suggests that they came

39:33

from many different

39:35

parts of the territory so

39:37

i think they could have been prisoners

39:39

oh war

39:42

the chin

39:44

legal system was

39:46

very tough very ruthless

39:49

so it didn't matter what status

39:52

you were what ethnicity you were

39:54

within the original chimp

39:55

okay so

39:57

the labor's building messiah having a horrible time

40:00

there's an enormous number of them but can we

40:02

now move onto the skilled artisans and talk

40:04

more about the kind of that the sculpture the crossed

40:06

that goes into making these fill we

40:08

can show you another photo what do you

40:10

see will me show you some of the faces

40:12

of the terracotta warriors sort

40:15

of photograph a close up of about

40:17

twelve

40:18

soldiers us or so and be

40:20

vulgar the same uniform know where same

40:23

on a but they are all distinct they've

40:25

all got the have all got their own face

40:27

stephen got their own sort of posture and

40:29

the seem to be of different ages the

40:31

couple get like a button the middle age some of

40:34

them look they've ended in the twenties

40:36

i mean that everyone's complex and is fantastic

40:39

i have to say but

40:42

yet they always seem to be unique they all seem to be

40:45

unique very alive people

40:47

the julia and still is identified the

40:49

their faces look unique is that composition

40:52

completely unique other coming out of mold how

40:54

they made is it a mix and match approach

40:57

how to make to make warriors it

40:59

the larger part of

41:01

the figures with done by skill

41:03

the brave

41:04

local clay from the soil

41:06

with press into mouth to make to

41:08

say his limbs hands

41:11

head

41:11

and so on there are molds for the heads

41:14

on that was eight smoltz

41:15

yes that the individuality

41:17

of the faces suggest that they were completed

41:20

by skilled artisans heat

41:22

shaped by hand facial details

41:24

such as eyebrows ears

41:26

the it and hairstyles like pats

41:29

and top not since she guns and so on

41:30

yeah to be like or and you get to invent

41:33

a video game character thousand just thinking

41:35

that i was just thinking i'm playing sky

41:37

or him and of pick ahead and pick up how

41:40

we make them so ugliest up so ugly

41:42

that i'm very impressed by his these guys because the

41:45

kind of looking at smear soldiers a

41:47

center city don't mind as i do you

41:49

know if they were maybe based

41:51

on real people over these faces just

41:53

made up the sort of with a reckless

41:56

and inspired by real people around the place

41:58

we don't

41:59

no i think we can surmise

42:02

that that yeah one of the challenges

42:05

of making sense of

42:07

the statues

42:08

he's that area

42:10

relatively little

42:12

human figurative sculpture

42:15

for and they're really fascinating

42:18

milestone almost as the

42:19

when you think of chinese are you don't release

42:22

yeah you don't we think of sculpted he think of this of

42:24

paintings and scrolls and manuscripts and

42:27

it's very least russia and very little such

42:29

a normal people if there is a statue is it's

42:31

off some a god or a mythical creature

42:33

or something and julia you mentioned quality control

42:36

phil how do you think overseas could

42:38

identify and punish any craftsman

42:41

who wasn't hitting the standards a bad

42:43

review on yelp

42:45

one

42:48

at all for cr

42:50

me on

42:53

a how would they judge

42:56

the give a little knock every time my

42:58

dad into the building his stuff knocking the walls

43:00

and nodding other know what is second that i imagine

43:02

something like that set up top

43:04

velvet pretty good to me that be on

43:07

if they did a pretty impractical i can imagine

43:09

i'm one of those going not good enough julia

43:11

we know we know a huge amount

43:13

about the price because of inscriptions on

43:15

the actual sculptures and selves

43:17

the tell us who made them and who

43:20

was there oversee at right

43:22

yeah so quality control with

43:24

little bit more systematic than filled

43:26

dad's i say

43:27

and so sad

43:30

yeah production seems to be very

43:32

tightly monitor to just about

43:34

every item owned by

43:36

or made for the chin state harper the

43:38

mark stamped on it and

43:41

, would be archived in a register which clark

43:43

for double check against the contents

43:45

of warehouses that's another emblem of

43:47

how controlling have

43:50

discipline the state is most

43:52

of the weapon in the team were inscribed

43:55

with date of manufacture plus the

43:57

name of the craftsmen of made

43:59

them

43:59

then be official responsible

44:02

for that craftsmen and so on and so forth

44:04

in a long line of accountability

44:06

the in some cases went all the way

44:09

up to the prime minister of the

44:11

empire so if

44:13

something was judged subpar

44:15

the person or persons responsible

44:18

could be nat

44:18

you countless

44:20

the extraordinary standardization

44:23

so all the arrows had to be exactly

44:26

seventy centimeters long or if a trigger

44:28

broke in a crossbow it could be easily replaced

44:31

with another because all the mechanisms

44:33

bright and

44:33

so

44:35

we have this sort of really

44:37

really regulated workforce

44:40

with this of chain of command going up the ladder said

44:42

that you can you can chase down any imperfections

44:44

cell and eat meat you to you said he

44:47

said the arrows are all exactly the same their forty

44:49

thousand arrowheads that were found in their own

44:51

wouldn't go so it's kind

44:53

extraordinary if i knew i'd done a bad job

44:56

of be quite tempted to write someone else his name on it

44:58

i mean i set , specific

45:00

didn't like them as as

45:02

someone by september i made one of them with three

45:04

sons of be of this one

45:07

that assessor suggested this

45:09

assess assess this his

45:12

setting a lot about sale in lot part is a

45:14

fifth or sixth sister it's

45:16

it's in error you've it's survive you know maybe

45:20

we should give you this project management job filled with

45:22

the sounds like you're going to cut some corners and other and

45:24

for other people under the bus although to be honest with us

45:26

on the that a lot of people died on the project regardless

45:28

of how incredible the work is a minute

45:30

this and pretty grim elements to it as well as this extraordinary

45:33

crossed and artistic achievement on the one

45:35

hand he won a celebrates it and he wow and another

45:37

hand every one of ancient

45:40

world has behind it does huge

45:43

death toll consuming there's a reason

45:45

these things didn't have found it is but they were

45:47

raised to set the room amount of human sacrifice

45:49

the required right

45:51

the crusades the human

45:53

personality required

45:55

to devise this project to have

45:58

the ego the pressure

45:59

true

46:00

hopefully also relatively

46:03

well done

46:04

the

46:05

the human history a h a form of egotism

46:08

so destructive of human life

46:10

yeah i'm in classic thirteen your boy saying

46:12

right when i'm king i'm gonna make

46:14

everyone build me a tomb and then he follows

46:17

through on his own i is

46:19

it still being a skimpy to now just ongoing

46:21

every day or two with

46:23

is another terracotta warriors emerging

46:26

exactly they still so

46:28

much in from those peripheral pets

46:31

to be we can cite it's relatively few

46:33

of the terracotta warriors emerged

46:35

still complete and how

46:37

many of them were in fragments said

46:40

this is very very painstaking

46:42

work and the fact that they still so

46:44

much to do not just in terms of pristine

46:47

artefacts together but analyzing

46:50

them for what they tell us

46:52

about life at in the chin

46:54

e o two thousand two hundred years guy that the still

46:56

so much what seats i think that really

46:59

supports conservative

47:01

archaeologists the you don't take

47:03

the risk of opening the main

47:07

and prayers

47:08

came they say be a week we got enough to keep

47:10

us busy here you know between we

47:12

don't need to do the fireworks of of of

47:14

of opening the phoenix

47:15

lovely stuff but you want

47:17

my know

47:23

and that leaves is really onto the nuance

47:25

window from the nuance window is less than a nice

47:28

break as we play with our terracotta

47:30

warriors and says as a professor julia

47:32

us as she takes her to uninstall two minutes

47:34

to tell us something we need to know about the terracotta

47:36

warriors the tomb the mausoleum and the wider

47:38

archaeology so i get my stopwatch

47:40

up now and without much further ado professor julia

47:43

you want to give us the nuance window place

47:45

the first every team complex seems

47:48

to tell us a very clear

47:50

confident story of a

47:52

man he proclaimed himself the first

47:54

and pro of everything who

47:57

felt entitled to disrupt

47:59

and of an end the lives of millions

48:01

of people to fulfill his

48:03

own plans if

48:05

, view the sight out of it's broader

48:07

historical cultural context we might see

48:10

it as a swaggering endorsement of

48:12

the power of the ancient chinese state

48:14

under a centralized autocrat but

48:17

we're missing a big part of this cultural and

48:19

political story if we don't say something

48:22

about how ambivalent and

48:24

even negative perceptions

48:26

of the first emperor and his massive

48:28

building projects have often been

48:30

through chinese history since

48:33

although different improv undertake

48:35

monumental building projects during

48:37

his lifetime and proclaimed himself

48:40

the first of a didn't see that would last ten

48:42

thousand empress the

48:44

, empire at she claps only

48:46

a few years after his death in two hundred

48:48

and six b c c some

48:50

historians argued the stresses that

48:53

building the emperor's muslim

48:55

and border wall place on ordinary people

48:58

led directly to the eruption of

49:00

civil war so soon after the

49:02

first emperor x to the scene there

49:04

are certainly many folk songs

49:06

and tales complaining about the terrible

49:08

suffering of audrey people from

49:11

the states the the

49:13

chin successes the hundred received

49:15

very much wanted to put distance between

49:17

their regime and his sake plane

49:19

the moral high ground they said that say by

49:22

contrast would be humane virtuous

49:24

rulers that they'd win hearts and minds

49:27

and that critical view of the first empress

49:29

is very persistent to chinese history

49:32

even though for the hadn't and

49:34

other successes the disease this is a little

49:36

hypocritical because they actually end

49:38

up adopting decentralizing policies

49:41

of the kids they inherit the chins government

49:43

structures and of course they subscribe

49:45

to the tin vision of a unified

49:47

chinese empire so in the

49:49

two millennia that have passed since the chin have

49:52

first and pray something of an awkward origin

49:54

story for china he's the founder and

49:56

innovator but also

49:58

the tyrant

49:59

thank you very much movement wouldn't

50:02

that be a really great and

50:04

them as you say been there are lots

50:06

of echoes the

50:08

to the wrong day in out the twentieth

50:10

century chinese history the

50:13

especially with the people's revolution if the unification

50:15

had a great cost

50:17

they feel can you guess of

50:19

twentieth century chinese

50:21

really

50:22

who was a paid

50:24

up admirer

50:25

since aponte

50:27

grunting guess the big man himself

50:29

mouth correct yes

50:32

i , to ask this question syria and i'm wincing

50:34

in advance of that because this is one of my my dread

50:36

questions but there is a very strange thing

50:38

the manuel the people think ancient monuments were

50:40

built by aliens and with the pyramids

50:42

we get it we get it with indiana jones

50:45

movies indiana all sorts of things do we get it with chinese

50:47

of kill it he is there any sense

50:49

that some crazy conspiracy theory

50:52

that the team of theory first emperor is too

50:54

complicated to have been built by humans ago

50:57

aliens did it

50:58

a people to go i've i was the tv

51:01

presentation by a chinese archeologist

51:03

he reassured his audiences with

51:05

regard to the home archaeological monuments

51:08

made by eight in theory that is definitely

51:10

didn't happen in china ever because

51:13

as anyone who's watched any hollywood

51:15

films know aliens only

51:17

ever land in the united states nonetheless

51:21

, afraid the alien conspiracy theories

51:23

about the first and presume and

51:25

about a few other archaeological site besides

51:28

besides circulate of the chinese

51:30

instead they mainly relate

51:33

to archaeologists refusal to

51:35

excavate the mound so they're asking

51:37

what's the real reason for this said

51:39

parts of cyberspace respondents it's

51:42

respondents , to do with safety

51:44

or conservation it's a deep state

51:46

conspiracy aside their that

51:48

the theory goes that the chinese government knows

51:50

that only alien could have built a site

51:52

like this and that the extraterrestrials

51:55

or buried deep inside the team maybe

51:58

or maybe not in the form of

51:59

many months to bat

52:02

and the guy just look out for one of brazil's

52:05

yes and months to bats and

52:07

the government's just doesn't want the story

52:09

to get out for i must on the line

52:12

here reporting this theory does

52:14

not imply endorsement or

52:16

credulity

52:17

yeah says the bloody internet again it in their own

52:19

a slave monster bats jesus

52:21

okay her i guess i would be bad sufis on

52:24

the ground and dark as , method

52:26

to this madness young young

52:29

the songs i listen to the bases as that

52:31

that i can i i'm clinging to fill your

52:33

idea that but in there and she wanted the and is

52:36

month about some listening sir night fever

52:40

so what do you know what

52:47

i know from what do you know now this is our

52:49

quick cyclists are all coming in sale see

52:51

how much he has learned i always say hey

52:54

look it's go to your this is and ever

52:56

gets it is thought to go our way to my despite whether

52:58

they wouldn't have out on a house which episode

53:00

resilience look as you say that but you

53:02

have an impressive average score of nine point five

53:05

or ten that is your average showcase legal ten questions

53:08

and , start the clock now he rico question

53:10

one the terracotta army was buried with which

53:13

ruler to unify the china since

53:15

your homepage homepage good

53:18

squishy to through discovered the terracotta

53:20

army in nineteen seventy four with oh

53:23

it was some of family

53:25

of farmers it was there

53:27

was looking at it was seeking a well and they stumbled

53:29

on some terrible to shards and some brahms arrowheads

53:32

christian three how many

53:34

of the terracotta seekers have been excavated since

53:37

two thousand so far spotted

53:40

in people but there may be as many

53:42

of seven thousand gabi

53:44

a good at this question assist or

53:47

name's three of the things found

53:49

in the funeral complex of country hung the

53:52

horses the up while

53:55

weapons that are still usable

53:57

now and acro

53:59

yes very good question

54:02

five in the first emperor seen very

54:04

complex there are also rivers

54:07

originally made with what dangerous liquid

54:09

mercury ak quicksilver boasts

54:12

a very good when you called me so many

54:14

both barrels fantastic options question

54:17

six the warriors are equipped with shop and

54:19

weapons made from which method

54:21

copper

54:23

ross neurons from

54:25

the copper ,

54:27

a number i saw something for either you

54:29

want to had was brought had br i had br

54:31

in my head on behalf of mud is

54:33

copper is in bronze so i can have

54:36

him up for this question seven roughly how many

54:38

arrowheads were found on the site in pit

54:40

one oh lord was

54:42

a tough for him though six

54:45

hundred he was forty thousand

54:47

the middle , ssssss

54:50

ssssss aides each terracotta warriors

54:52

fairs and inscription of what

54:55

the name of the person a made

54:57

it and they're overseer yep

54:59

the louis question nine each

55:01

warrior appear to have warrior appear face and

55:03

posed that's how many molds

55:05

we used for the heads

55:07

there were eight modes they

55:09

were yeah absolutely and this so

55:11

i in hostile ten which is very strong score why

55:13

haven't archaeologists entered the actual

55:16

private resting tomb of chimp

55:18

she hung the

55:19

safety concerns and

55:22

, money to a and booby traps and aliens

55:25

and the bigger and a cavity under

55:27

the or in a wall or floor a

55:29

cavities is bad cities i

55:33

will give you that as it off at said very strong

55:35

school vote on felt i'm so sorry

55:38

about the arrowhead answer when i said six hundred

55:40

juliet order please of winced

55:43

so i the sixes hitter really hurt her

55:45

feelings that i have

55:47

attended very good

55:48

and listening if you fancy more fill you can

55:50

check out our episodes on the bodacious bullshit

55:52

family from renaissance rome or

55:55

if you want more chinese history you can

55:57

sail on over to an episode on to

55:59

me through the pirate queen she was

56:01

quite the lady or hold back catalogue

56:03

is available on bbc sounds and remember if

56:05

you enjoyed this podcast please leave review

56:07

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56:09

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miss an episode it's , now

56:13

for me to say huge thank you to my guests

56:16

in history corn up yet the wonderful professor julia

56:18

lovell from birkbeck university of london

56:20

thank you julia exhibits and

56:24

comedy corner we have the fantastic fell

56:26

wang tears fell frankie valli

56:28

me that's valli good time and to use of

56:30

the listener join me next time as we on earth and

56:32

other treasure trove of trivia from of different chunk

56:34

of global history the for now i'm up against dot building

56:37

my own mortality and introduction

56:43

my the athletic the bbc radio this

56:45

, was written and produced by mn against

56:47

any with additional writing for john nice the

56:49

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56:52

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56:54

managers has like has me out and or the matthew

56:56

an order produce that was probably to see

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hello fans of you're dead to

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me i'm lucy was li and

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